The Bugei jūhappan (武芸十八般 "Eighteen Kinds Of Martial Arts") is a selection of combat techniques and

martial arts Martial arts are codified systems and traditions of combat practiced for a number of reasons such as self-defense; military and law enforcement applications; combat sport, competition; physical, mental, and spiritual development; entertainment; a ...

used by the

samurai were the hereditary military nobility and officer caste of medieval and early-modern Japan from the late 12th century until their abolition in 1876. They were the well-paid retainers of the '' daimyo'' (the great feudal landholders). They h ...

of Tokugawa-era Japan. Established by Hirayama Gyozo, the concept is based on earlier Chinese traditions, such as Eighteen Arms of Wushu.

Eighteen arts

300px, 1. Kyūjutsu 300px, 2. Bajutsu The Eighteen Arts consist of a mixture of native Japanese and imported Chinese martial art techniques and tactics. Within each art, various ''Ryū'' developed, with different methods of performing that particular art. Certain ''Ryū,'' in turn, influenced the martial arts that were included in the list,

Asayama Ichiden-ryū Asayama Ichiden-ryū (浅山一伝流) is a Japanese '' koryū'' martial art founded in the late Muromachi period by Asayama Ichidensai Shigetatsu (浅山一伝斎重晨). Asayama Ichidensai Shigetatsu There are often conflicting stories among M ...

Kukishin-ryū , originally "Nine Gods Divine (from heaven) School" (also translated as "Nine Demon Divine (from heaven) School" by many modern groups having different lineages) is a Japanese martial art allegedly founded in the 14th century CE by Kuki Yakus ...

, Shinden-Fudo-ryū and

Tagaki Yoshin-ryū ''Takagi Yoshin-ryū'' ("Takagi Heart of the Willow School") was a school of Japanese martial arts. It was founded by Ito Sukesada, based on techniques that he learned from an yamabushi, ascetic named So Unryu. He taught this system to a samurai ...

. The exact list varies, but is commonly held to include: # ''Kyūjutsu'', archery. # ''

Bajutsu is a Japanese form of military equestrianism. History Although its origins are closely related to those of mounted archery (''yabusame''), bajutsu is considered a distinct and separate martial art, and there are a number of traditional schools ...

'', horseriding. # ''Sōjutsu'', fighting with a ''

yari is the term for a traditionally-made Japanese blade (日本刀; nihontō) in the form of a spear, or more specifically, the straight-headed spear. The martial art of wielding the is called . History The forerunner of the is thought to be a ...

'' (spear). # ''

Kenjutsu is an umbrella term for all ('' ko-budō'') schools of Japanese swordsmanship, in particular those that predate the Meiji Restoration. Some modern styles of kendo and iaido that were established in the 20th century also included modern forms of ...

'', fencing. # '' Suieijutsu'', swimming in armour. # ''

Iaijutsu is a combative quick-draw sword technique. This art of drawing the Japanese sword, katana, is one of the Japanese '' koryū'' martial art disciplines in the education of the classical warrior ( bushi). Warner, Gordon and Draeger, Donn F. 2007, ...

'', sword-drawing. # ''Tantōjutsu'', knife-fighting. # ''

Juttejutsu is the Japanese martial art of using the Japanese weapon ''jitte'' (also known as ''jutte'' in English-language sources). Jittejutsu was evolved mainly for the law enforcement officers of the Edo period to enable non-lethal disarmament and app ...

'', fighting with a ''

jutte A is a specialized weapon that was used by police in Edo period Japan (1603 – 1868). History In feudal Japan, it was a crime punishable by death to bring a sword into the ''shōgun''s palace. This law applied to almost everyone, including the ...

'' (truncheon). # ''

Shurikenjutsu is a general term describing the traditional Japanese martial arts of throwing ''shuriken'', which are small, hand-held weapons used primarily by the Samurai in feudal Japan, such as metal spikes ''bō shuriken'', circular plates of metal known a ...

'', throwing ''

shuriken A ''shuriken'' ( ja, 手裏剣; literally: "hidden hand blade") is a Japanese concealed weapon that was used as a hidden dagger or metsubushi to distract or misdirect. They are also known as throwing stars, or ninja stars, although they were ...

''. # ''Fukumibarijutsu'', needle-spitting. # ''

Naginatajutsu is the Japanese martial art of wielding the . The naginata is a weapon resembling the medieval European glaive and the Chinese guan dao. Most naginatajutsu practiced today is in a modernized form, a ''gendai budō'', in which competitions als ...

'', fighting with a polearm, usually a ''

naginata The ''naginata'' (, ) is a pole weapon and one of several varieties of traditionally made Japanese blades (''nihontō''). ''Naginata'' were originally used by the samurai class of feudal Japan, as well as by ashigaru (foot soldiers) and sōhei ( ...

.'' # ''Hōjutsu'', shooting (with firearms). # ''Hojōjutsu'', tying up an opponent. # ''Yawara'', grappling and fighting unarmed. # ''Bōjutsu'', fighting with a ''

bō A ''bō'' (棒: ぼう), ''bong'' (Korean), ''pang'' (Cantonese), ''bang'' (Mandarin), or ''kun'' (Okinawan) is a staff weapon used in Okinawa. ''Bō'' are typically around and used in Okinawan martial arts, while being adopted into Japanese ar ...

'' (staff). # ''

Kusarigamajutsu is the art of using the Japanese weapon kusarigama. Kusarigamajutsu is featured in several separate martial arts such as Tendō-ryū, Suiō-ryū and Shintō Musō-ryū. The kusarigama is made up of three parts: the ''Kama (weapon), kama'' (a woo ...

'', fighting with a chain-and-sickle. # ''Mōjirijutsu'', fighting with a barbed staff. # ''

Ninjutsu , sometimes used interchangeably with the modern term , is the martial art strategy and tactics of unconventional warfare, guerrilla warfare and espionage purportedly practised by the ninja. ''Ninjutsu'' was a separate discipline in some tradit ...

'', espionage. file:槍と笹穂槍と十文字槍, Yari, sasaho yari and jumoji yari 1.png, 3.

Sōjutsu , meaning "art of the spear", is the Japanese martial art of fighting with a . Origins Although the spear had a profound role in early Japanese mythology, where the islands of Japan themselves were said to be created by salt water dripping fro ...

file:Kenjutsu 001.jpg, 4.

file:Hokusai-MangaBathingPeople.jpg, 5.

Suijutsu Suijutsu (水術) or suieijutsu (水泳術) is the Japanese martial art of combative swimming Swimming is the self-propulsion of a person through water, or other liquid, usually for recreation, sport, exercise, or survival. Locomotion is achiev ...

file:Tosaha-shoden Iaijutsu.jpg, 6.

file:Tantojutsu.jpg, 7.

Tantojutsu Tantōjutsu (短刀術) is a Japanese term for a variety of traditional Japanese knife fighting systems that used the tantō (短刀), a knife or dagger. Historically, many women used a version of the tantō, called the kaiken, for self-defense, ...

file:Kuroda&Kaminoda Jutte.jpg, 8.

Jittejutsu is the Japanese martial art of using the Japanese weapon ''jitte'' (also known as ''jutte'' in English-language sources). Jittejutsu was evolved mainly for the law enforcement officers of the Edo period to enable non-lethal disarmament and appr ...

file:Bo shuriken 1.JPG, 9.

file:Fukiya.jpg, 10. Fukumibarijutsu file:Naginatakampsportsgala.jpg, 11.

file:Hinawajyu-1.jpg, 12.

Hōjutsu , the art of gunnery, is the martial art of Japan dedicated to firearms usage. Hōjutsu is still practiced today, often with antique matchlock firearms such as the tanegashima (gun). The martial art is most common in Japan where access to histor ...

file:Hojōjutsu.svg, 13.

Hojōjutsu or or just , is the traditional Japanese martial art of restraining a person using cord or rope (called in Japanese), as a precursor to modern-day handcuffs. Encompassing many different materials, techniques and methods from many different sch ...

file:Shitenryu.jpg, 14.

Yawara The ''yawara'' is a Japanese weapon used in various martial arts. Numerous types of jujutsu make use of a small rod, made of wood, that extends somewhat from both ends of a person's fist which is known as a ''yawara''. The ''yawara'' likely orig ...

file:Shinto Muso Ryu Jojutsu.jpg, 15.

Bōjutsu , translated from Japanese as "staff technique", is the martial art of stick fighting using a bō, which is the Japanese word for staff. Staffs have been in use for thousands of years in Asian martial arts like Silambam. Some techniques involve s ...

file:Isshin ryu kusarigama kataa 1.jpg, 16.

file:Torimono sandogu (tools for capturing criminals).jpg, 17. Mōjirijutsu file:Hokusai sketches - hokusai manga vol6.jpg, 18.

Other arts that were often included in the list are: * ''Chikujōjutsu'', fortifying a castle against siege. * ''

Yabusame is a type of mounted archery in traditional Japanese archery. An archer on a running horse shoots three special "turnip-headed" arrows successively at three wooden targets. This style of archery has its origins at the beginning of the Kama ...

'', mounted archery. * '' Yadomejutsu'', deflecting flying arrows. * ''Saiminjutsu'', hypnotism.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bugei juhappan Ko-ryū bujutsu