Buddleja Nivea Var
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''Buddleja'' (; ''Buddleia''; also historically given as ''Buddlea'') is a
genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
comprising over 140
species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
of
flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...
s
endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...
to Asia, Africa, and the Americas. The generic name bestowed by
Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
posthumously honoured the Reverend
Adam Buddle Adam Buddle (1662–1715) was an English cleric and botanist. Born at Deeping St James, a small village near Peterborough, Buddle was educated at Woodbridge School and St Catharine's College, Cambridge, where he gained a BA in 1681, and an M ...
(1662–1715), an English
botanist Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek wo ...
and
rector Rector (Latin for the member of a vessel's crew who steers) may refer to: Style or title *Rector (ecclesiastical), a cleric who functions as an administrative leader in some Christian denominations *Rector (academia), a senior official in an edu ...
, at the suggestion of Dr. William Houstoun. Houstoun sent the first plants to become known to science as buddleja ( ''B. americana'') to England from the Caribbean about 15 years after Buddle's death.


Nomenclature

The botanic name has been the source of some confusion. By modern practice of
botanical Latin Botanical Latin is a technical language based on New Latin, used for descriptions of botanical taxa. Until 2012, International Code of Botanical Nomenclature mandated Botanical Latin to be used for the descriptions of most new taxa. It is still the ...
, the spelling of a generic name made from 'Buddle' would be ''Buddleia'', but
Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
in his ''
Species Plantarum ' (Latin for "The Species of Plants") is a book by Carl Linnaeus, originally published in 1753, which lists every species of plant known at the time, classified into genera. It is the first work to consistently apply binomial names and was the ...
'' of 1753 and 1754 spelled it ''Buddleja'', with the long i between two vowels, common in early modern orthography.Linnaei, C. (1753). ''Species plantarum''. Impensis Laurentii Salvii,
Stockholm Stockholm () is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, largest city of Sweden as well as the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, largest urban area in Scandinavia. Approximately 980,000 people liv ...
.
The pronunciation of the long i in ''Buddleja'' as ''j'' is a common modern error. The
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature The ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (ICN) is the set of rules and recommendations dealing with the formal botanical names that are given to plants, fungi and a few other groups of organisms, all those "trad ...
has gradually changed to incorporate stricter rules about
orthographic variant In biology, within the science of scientific nomenclature, i.e. the naming of organisms, an orthographical variant (abbreviated orth. var.) in botany or an orthographic error in zoology, is a spelling mistake, typing mistake or writing mistake with ...
s and as of the 2006 edition requires (article 60, particularly 60.5) that Linnaeus' spelling should be followed in this case..


Classification

The genus ''Buddleja'' is now included in
Scrophulariaceae The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family. The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs. Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial (actinomorphic) symmetry. The Scr ...
, having earlier been classified under
Buddlejaceae Buddlejaceae is a family of flowering plants that is not currently recognized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, but as of 2016 it is being used by many botanists as one of several small families that divide the Lamiales. Phylogenetic reconstruc ...
(
synonym A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are all ...
: Oftiaceae) and
Loganiaceae The Loganiaceae are a family of flowering plants classified in order Gentianales. The family includes up to 13 genera, distributed around the world's tropics. There are not any great morphological characteristics to distinguish these taxa from o ...


Description

Of the approximately 140 species, nearly all are
shrub A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees ...
s less than tall, but a few qualify as
tree In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...
s, the largest reaching . Both
evergreen In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, which ...
and
deciduous In the fields of horticulture and Botany, the term ''deciduous'' () means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, aft ...
species occur, in tropical and temperate regions respectively. The
leaves A leaf (plural, : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant plant stem, stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", wh ...
are lanceolate in most species, and arranged in opposite pairs on the stems (alternate in one species, '' B. alternifolia''); they range from long. The
flower A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Angiospermae). The biological function of a flower is to facilitate reproduction, usually by providing a mechani ...
s of the Asiatic species are mostly produced in terminal
panicle A panicle is a much-branched inflorescence. (softcover ). Some authors distinguish it from a compound spike inflorescence, by requiring that the flowers (and fruit) be pedicellate (having a single stem per flower). The branches of a panicle are of ...
s long; the American species more commonly as cymes forming small, globose heads. Each individual flower is tubular and divided into four spreading lobes (
petal Petals are modified Leaf, leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often advertising coloration, brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''c ...
s) about across, the corolla length ranging from around 10 mm in the Asiatics to 3–30 mm in the American species, the wider variation in the latter because some South American species have evolved long red flowers to attract
hummingbird Hummingbirds are birds native to the Americas and comprise the biological family Trochilidae. With about 361 species and 113 genera, they occur from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, but the vast majority of the species are found in the tropics aro ...
s, rather than insects, as exclusive
pollinator A pollinator is an animal that moves pollen from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma of a flower. This helps to bring about fertilization of the ovules in the flower by the male gametes from the pollen grains. Insects are the maj ...
s. The colour of the flowers varies widely, from mostly pastel pinks and blues in Asia, to vibrant yellows and reds in the New World, while many cultivars have deeper tones. The flowers are generally rich in
nectar Nectar is a sugar-rich liquid produced by plants in glands called nectaries or nectarines, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to animal mutualists ...
and often strongly honey-scented. The
fruit In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in particu ...
is a small capsule about long and diameter, containing numerous small
seed A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering, along with a food reserve. The formation of the seed is a part of the process of reproduction in seed plants, the spermatophytes, including the gymnosperm and angiospe ...
s; in a few species (previously classified in the separate genus ''Nicodemia'') the capsule is soft and fleshy, forming a
berry A berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit. Typically, berries are juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet, sour or tart, and do not have a stone or pit, although many pips or seeds may be present. Common examples are strawberries, raspb ...
.


Distribution

The genus is found in four continents. Over 60 species are
native Native may refer to: People * Jus soli, citizenship by right of birth * Indigenous peoples, peoples with a set of specific rights based on their historical ties to a particular territory ** Native Americans (disambiguation) In arts and entert ...
through the New World from the southern United States south to Chile, while many other species are found in the Old World, in Africa, and parts of Asia, but all are absent as natives from Europe and Australasia. The species are divided into three groups based on their floral type: those in the New World are mostly
dioecious Dioecy (; ; adj. dioecious , ) is a characteristic of a species, meaning that it has distinct individual organisms (unisexual) that produce male or female gametes, either directly (in animals) or indirectly (in seed plants). Dioecious reproductio ...
(occasionally
hermaphrodite In reproductive biology, a hermaphrodite () is an organism that has both kinds of reproductive organs and can produce both gametes associated with male and female sexes. Many Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic groups of animals (mostly invertebrate ...
or
trioecious Trioecy, or subdioecy, is a rare sexual system characterized by the coexistence of males, females, and hermaphrodites. It has been found in both plants and animals. Trioecy is sometimes referred to as a mixed mating system alongside androdioecy an ...
), while those in the Old World are exclusively hermaphrodite with perfect flowers.


Cultivation and uses

As garden shrubs, buddlejas are essentially 20th-century plants, with the exception of '' B. globosa'' which was introduced to Britain from southern Chile in 1774 and disseminated from the nursery of
Lee and Kennedy Lee and Kennedy were two families of prominent Scottish nurserymen in partnership for three generations at the Vineyard Nursery in Hammersmith, west of London. Contains biographical entries concerning the Lees and Kennedys. "For many years," wrote ...
, Hammersmith. Several species are popular garden plants and are commonly known as "butterfly bushes", owing to their attractiveness to
butterflies Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The ...
, and have become staples of the modern
butterfly garden Butterfly gardening is a way to create, improve, and maintain habitat for lepidopterans including butterflies, skippers, and moths. Butterflies have four distinct life stages—egg, larva, chrysalis, and adult. In order to support and sustain ...
; they are also attractive to
bee Bees are winged insects closely related to wasps and ants, known for their roles in pollination and, in the case of the best-known bee species, the western honey bee, for producing honey. Bees are a monophyly, monophyletic lineage within the ...
s and
moth Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of w ...
s. The most popular cultivated species is ''
Buddleja davidii ''Buddleja davidii'' (spelling variant ''Buddleia davidii''), also called summer lilac, butterfly-bush, or orange eye, is a species of flowering plant in the family Scrophulariaceae, native to Sichuan and Hubei provinces in central China, and als ...
'' from central China, named for the French
Basque Basque may refer to: * Basques, an ethnic group of Spain and France * Basque language, their language Places * Basque Country (greater region), the homeland of the Basque people with parts in both Spain and France * Basque Country (autonomous co ...
missionary and naturalist Père
Armand David Father Armand David (7 September 1826, Espelette – 10 November 1900, Paris) was a Lazarist missionary Catholic priest as well as a zoologist and a botanist. Several species, such as Père David's deer, are named after him — be ...
. Other common garden species include the aforementioned ''B. globosa'', grown for its strongly honey-scented orange globular
inflorescences An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a Plant stem, stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphology (biology), Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of sperma ...
, and the weeping ''
Buddleja alternifolia ''Buddleja alternifolia'', known as alternate-leaved butterfly-bush, is a species of flowering plant in the figwort family, which is endemic to Gansu, China. A substantial deciduous shrub growing to tall and wide, it bears grey-green leaves and ...
''. Several interspecific hybrids have been made, notably ''B.'' 'Lochinch' (''B. davidii'' × ''B. fallowiana'') and ''B. × weyeriana'' (''B. globosa'' × ''B. davidii''), the latter a cross between a South American and an Asiatic species. Some species commonly escape from the garden. ''B. davidii'' in particular is an extensive coloniser of dry open ground. In urban areas in the United Kingdom, it often self-sows on waste ground or old masonry, where it grows into a dense thicket. A number of agricultural organizations and governing authorities throughout the world have designated the plant as an
invasive species An invasive species otherwise known as an alien is an introduced organism that becomes overpopulated and harms its new environment. Although most introduced species are neutral or beneficial with respect to other species, invasive species ad ...
or a
noxious weed A noxious weed, harmful weed or injurious weed is a weed that has been designated by an agricultural or other governing authority as a plant that is injurious to agricultural or horticultural crops, natural habitats or ecosystems, or humans or liv ...
. It is frequently seen in the United Kingdom beside railway lines, on the sites of derelict factories and other buildings and, in the aftermath of
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, on urban bomb sites. That earned it the popular nickname of "the bomb site plant". Popular garden cultivars include 'Royal Red' (reddish-purple flowers), 'Black Knight' (very dark purple), 'Sungold' (golden yellow), and 'Pink Delight' (pure pink). In recent years, much breeding work has been undertaken to create seed sterile cultivars (see Non-invasive Buddleja cultivars). This is a particularly important consideration in the United States, where several states have banned ''B. davidii'' and its fertile cultivars because of their invasiveness. Unlike native ''B. davidii'', some of these non-invasive cultivars are small and compact, such as 'Blue Chip', which only reaches a height of and a width of .(1)


Buddleja collections

In Britain, there are four
National Council for the Conservation of Plants and Gardens Plant Heritage, formerly known as the National Council for the Conservation of Plants and Gardens (NCCPG), is a botanical conservation organisation in the United Kingdom and a registered charity. It was founded in 1978 to combine the talents of bot ...
collections, held by: *The Lavender Garden, Ashcroft Nurseries, Kingscote, Tetbury, Glos. GL8 8YF. Tel. 01453 860356 www.thelavenderg.co.uk *
Longstock Park Longstock Park is in the civil parish of Longstock in the Test Valley district of Hampshire, England, and forms part of the Leckford Estate (1520 ha.), wholly owned by the John Lewis Partnership. Description Formerly Longstock Manor, of med ...
Nursery, Longstock, Stockbridge, Hants. SO20 6EH. Tel. 01264 810894 www.longstocknursery.co.uk *Paignton Zoo, Totnes Road, Paignton, Devon TQ4 7EU. Tel. 01803 697529 www.paigntonzoo.org.uk *The Shapcott Barton Estate,
East Knowstone Knowstone is a village and Civil parishes in England, civil parish situated in the North Devon district of Devon, England, halfway between the Mid Devon town of Tiverton, Devon and the North Devon town of South Molton. The hamlet (place), hamlet ...
, South Molton, Devon EX36 4EE. Tel. 01398 341664


List of Buddleja species and naturally occurring hybrids

The many species of ''Buddleja'' have been the subject of much taxonomic contention. The listing below includes the names, still prevalent in horticulture, of many former Asiatic species sunk by the late Toon Leeuwenberg as ''Buddleja crispa'' and adopted as such in the definitive ''Flora of China''.Norman, E. (2000). Buddlejaceae. ''Flora Neotropica, Vol. 81.'' New York Botanical Garden, USA. * ''
Buddleja acuminata ''Buddleja acuminata'' is a rare shrub endemic to the northern half of Madagascar and eastern Zaire, where it grows along forest edges and in clearings at elevations of 50–800 m. The species was first named and described by Poiret in ...
'' Poir. * ''
Buddleja agathosma ''Buddleja agathosma'' is a deciduous shrub endemic to western Yunnan, China. Originally identified as ''B. agathosma'' by Ludwig Diels, it was sunk as ''Buddleja crispa'' by Leeuwenberg in 1979,Leeuwenberg, A. J. M. (1979) ''The Loganiaceae of ...
'' Diels * '' Buddleja alata'' Rehder & E.H.Wilson * ''
Buddleja albiflora ''Buddleja albiflora'' is a deciduous shrub native to the mountains of central China, where it grows on shrub-clad slopes at altitudes of between 1,000 and 2,000 m. Named rather carelessly by Hemsley, the species was discovered by Henry, ...
'' Hemsl. * ''
Buddleja alternifolia ''Buddleja alternifolia'', known as alternate-leaved butterfly-bush, is a species of flowering plant in the figwort family, which is endemic to Gansu, China. A substantial deciduous shrub growing to tall and wide, it bears grey-green leaves and ...
'' Maxim. * ''
Buddleja americana ''Buddleja americana'' is the most widespread of all the ''Buddleja'' species native to the Americas, its range extending south from Tamaulipas, Mexico, through Central America and much of the West Indies into South America, reaching eastward to ...
'' L. * '' Buddleja anchoensis'' Kuntze * ''
Buddleja araucana ''Buddleja araucana'' is endemic to the semi-deserts and steppes of Patagonia, from southern Mendoza to Río Negro and Neuquen provinces in Argentina, and adjacent Chile.Norman, E. M. (2000). Buddlejaceae. ''Flora Neotropica 81''. New York B ...
'' Phil. * ''
Buddleja aromatica ''Buddleja aromatica'' is endemic to the Cordillera Oriental and Central of Bolivia, and northern Argentina, where it grows on rocky areas amid semi-arid scrub and thorn.Norman, E. M. (2000). Buddlejaceae. ''Flora Neotropica 81''. New York Bot ...
'' Rémy * '' Buddleja asiatica'' Lour. * '' Buddleja auriculata'' Benth. * '' Buddleja axillaris'' Willd. ex. Roem. et Schult. * '' Buddleja bhutanica'' T. Yamaz. * '' Buddleja blattaria'' J. F. Macbr. * ''
Buddleja brachiata ''Buddleja brachiata'' is endemic to southern Brazil from Goiás to São Paulo, where it grows on disturbed areas along rivers.Norman, E. M. (2000). Buddlejaceae. ''Flora Neotropica 81''. New York Botanical Garden, USA The species was first desc ...
'' Cham. & Schltdl. * '' Buddleja brachystachya'' Diels. * '' Buddleja bullata'' Kunth * '' Buddleja candida'' Dunn * ''
Buddleja cardanesii ''Buddleja cardenasii'' is a species endemic only to the region of Cochabamba in Bolivia at an altitude of around 3,000 m. The species was first described and named by Standley in 1935.Norman, E. M. (2000). Buddlejaceae. ''Flora Neotropic ...
'' Standl. ex E. M. Norman * ''
Buddleja caryopteridifolia ''Buddleja caryopteridifolia'' W.W.Sm. is a small deciduous shrub discovered by George Forrest in 1913 on open ground at 3,000 m on the Tong Shan in the Yangtze valley, China. The species was described and named by William Wright Smith in ...
'' W.W. Sm. * '' Buddleja cestriflora'' Cham. * ''
Buddleja chapalana ''Buddleja chapalana'' is a rare species endemic to the rocky cliffs bordering the northern and western shores of Lake Chapala, Jalisco, Mexico. The shrub grows in shade amidst deciduous woodland at an altitude of 1750–2500 m. ''B. c ...
'' B. L. Rob. * '' Buddleja chenopodiifolia'' Kraenzl. * '' Buddleja colvilei'' Hook.f. & Thomson * ''
Buddleja cordata ''Buddleja cordata'' is endemic to Mexico, growing along forest edges and water courses at elevations of 1500–3000 m; it has also naturalized in parts of Ethiopia.Norman, E. M. (2000). Buddlejaceae. ''Flora Neotropica 81'', New York Bo ...
'' Kunth * ''
Buddleja cordobensis ''Buddleja cordobensis'' is a species endemic to dry hillsides in the Argentine provinces of Córdoba, San Luís, and La Rioja at altitudes of 700–1500 m; it was first described and named by Grisebach in 1874.Grisebach, (1874). ' ...
'' Griseb. * ''
Buddleja coriacea ''Buddleja coriacea'' is a variable species endemic to the high Andes from the Cordillera Blanca in Peru to Lake Titicaca in Bolivia. It grows on dry to semi-humid rocky soils at elevations of 3,000–4,350 m,Norman, E. M. (2000). Buddle ...
'' J.Rémy * '' Buddleja corrugata'' M. E. Jones * ''
Buddleja crispa ''Buddleja crispa'', the Himalayan butterfly bush, is a deciduous shrub native to Afghanistan, Bhutan, North India, Nepal, Pakistan and China (Gansu, Sichuan, Tibetan Autonomous Region), where it grows on dry river beds, slopes with boulders, exp ...
'' Benth. * '' Buddleja crotonoides'' A. Gray * '' Buddleja cuneata'' Cham. * '' Buddleja curviflora'' Hook. & Arn. * '' Buddleja cuspidata'' Baker * ''
Buddleja davidii ''Buddleja davidii'' (spelling variant ''Buddleia davidii''), also called summer lilac, butterfly-bush, or orange eye, is a species of flowering plant in the family Scrophulariaceae, native to Sichuan and Hubei provinces in central China, and als ...
'' Franch. (Butterfly bush) * ''
Buddleja delavayi ''Buddleja delavayi'' is a Chinese species discovered by Forrest in the Tali Range above Dali (2000 – 2500 m elevation), Yunnan, in 1910; Cotton, A. D. (1947). Spring flowering buddleias. ''RHS Journal'' Vol. 72. 1947. 427–437. Roya ...
'' Gagnep. * '' Buddleja diffusa'' Ruíz & Pav. * ''
Buddleja domingensis ''Buddleja domingensis'' is a species endemic to the uplands of Haiti and the Dominican Republic, growing in rocky, limestone ravines, along forest edges and roadsides; it was first described and named by Ignatz Urban in 1908.Urban, I. (1908). '' ...
'' Urb. * ''
Buddleja dysophylla ''Buddleja dysophylla'' is a species endemic to southern Africa, from Zaire and Tanzania south to Malawi, and from the Transvaal to Eastern Cape Province, where it grows along forest edges or in scrub at elevations of 0–2,600 m.Leeuwen ...
'' (Benth.) Radlk. * '' Buddleja euryphylla'' Standl. & Steyerm. * '' Buddleja fallowiana'' Balf.f. & W.W.Sm. ** var. ''alba'' Sabourin * ''
Buddleja farreri ''Buddleja farreri'' is a xerophytic deciduous shrub endemic to Kansu, China, discovered by Reginald Farrer in 1915. Farrer described the shrub's habitat as "..the very hottest and driest crevices, cliffs, walls and banks down the most arid and ...
'' Balf.f & W. W. Sm. * '' Buddleja filibracteolata'' J. A. González & J. F. Morales * '' Buddleja forrestii'' Diels * ''
Buddleja fragifera ''Buddleja fragifera'' is a rare evergreen shrub endemic to the southern tip of Madagascar, where it grows amongst scrub near the coast. The species was first named and described by Leeuwenberg in 1975.Leeuwenberg, A. J. M. (1975). ''Acta Bot. N ...
'' Leeuwenb. * ''
Buddleja fusca ''Buddleja fusca'' is a species of flowering plant in the Scrophularia, figwort family, Scrophulariaceae that is endemic to Madagascar. It grows along forest edges or in thickets at altitudes of 1,500–2,500 m.Leeuwenberg, A. J. M. (197 ...
'' Baker * ''
Buddleja globosa ''Buddleja globosa'', also known as the orange-ball-tree, orange ball buddleja, and matico, is a species of flowering plant endemic to Chile and Argentina, where it grows in dry and moist forest, from sea level to 2,000 m.Norman, E. M. (2000 ...
'' Hope * '' Buddleja glomerata'' H. L. Wendl. * '' Buddleja grandiflora'' Cham. & Schltdl. * '' Buddleja hatschbachii'' E. M. Norman & L. B. Sm. * ''
Buddleja hieronymi ''Buddleja hieronymi'' is a species endemic to southern Bolivia and northern Argentina first described and named by Fries in 1905.Norman, E. M. (2000). Buddlejaceae. ''Flora Neotropica 81''. New York Botanical Garden, USAFries, R. E. (1905). ''N ...
'' R. E. Fr. * '' Buddleja ibarrensis'' E. M. Norman * ''
Buddleja incana ''Buddleja incana'' is a species of shrub or tree in the family Scrophulariaceae. It is native to the Andes.Norman, E. M. (2000). Buddlejaceae. ''Flora Neotropica 81''. New York Botanical Garden, USA Description ''Buddleja incana'' is a dioecio ...
'' Ruiz & Pav. * ''
Buddleja indica ''Buddleja indica'' is an evergreen shrub native to Madagascar, the Comoro Islands, and the Mascarene Islands, where it grows from the coast into the mountains up to elevations of 2000 m in either scrub or clearings. ''B. indica'' was named ...
'' Lam. * ''
Buddleja interrupta ''Buddleja interrupta'' is a species endemic to the dry valleys and roadsides of northern Peru at altitudes < 2600 m.Norman, E. M. (2000). Buddlejaceae. ''Flora Neotropica 81''. New York Botanical Garden, USA The speci ...
'' Kunth. * ''
Buddleja iresinoides ''Buddleja iresinoides'' is a species endemic to the rocky hillsides and stream banks of Bolivia and northern Argentina at altitudes from 300 to 1500 m.Norman, E. M. (2000). Buddlejaceae. ''Flora Neotropica 81''. New York Botanical Garden, ...
'' (Griseb.) Hosseus * ''
Buddleja jamesonii ''Buddleja jamesonii'' is a species Endemism, endemic to southern Ecuador, where it grows in moist, protected ravines and borders of Tussock (grass), tussocks at elevations of 3,000 – 4,000  m.Norman, E. M. (2000). Buddlejaceae. ''Flor ...
'' Benth. * '' Buddleja japonica'' Hemsl. * '' Buddleja jinsixiaensis'' R. B Zhu * ''
Buddleja kleinii ''Buddleja kleinii'' is a species endemicity, endemic to a small area of cloud forest bordering the eastern portion of the Serra Geral of Santa Catarina (state), Santa Catarina and the Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil at altitudes of 1200 – 165 ...
'' E. M. Norman & L. B. Sm. * '' Buddleja lanata'' Benth. * ''
Buddleja limitanea ''Buddleja limitanea'' is a small deciduous shrub. Discovered by George Forrest (botanist), George Forrest in Yunnan (1912) and in northern Burma (1914), described by William Wright Smith in 1916.Smith W.W. (1916). ''Notes Royal Botanic Gardens E ...
'' W. W. Sm. * '' Buddleja lindleyana'' Fortune ex Lindl. * ''
Buddleja lojensis ''Buddleja lojensis'' is a species endemic to the Loja region of southern Ecuador, and Piura in Peru, where it grows on mountains, savannahs and scrub, notably near streams, at elevations of 1,600 – 2,550 m.Norman, E. M. (2000). Buddleja ...
'' E. M. Norman * '' Buddleja longifolia'' Kunth. * '' Buddleja longiflora'' Brade * '' Buddleja loricata'' Leeuwenb. * ''
Buddleja macrostachya ''Buddleja macrostachya'' is a large deciduous shrub or small tree with a vast distribution, from Xizang (Tibet) through western China, Bhutan, Sikkim, northern India, Bangladesh, Myanmar (Burma), to Thailand and Vietnam, growing in scrub on moun ...
'' Wallich ex. Benth. * ''
Buddleja madagascariensis ''Buddleja madagascariensis'', the smokebush or Madagascan butterfly bush, is a species of flowering plant in the figwort family Scrophulariaceae. It is a substantial evergreen shrub with fragrant yellow flowers through autumn and winter. Descri ...
'' Lam. * '' Buddleja marrubiifolia'' Benth. * ''
Buddleja megalocephala ''Buddleja megalocephala'' is a species endemic to Guatemala, in the Central Highlands, the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, and Mt. Tacana on the border with Mexico, where it grows in open areas associated with evergreen cloud forest at elevations ...
'' Donn. Sm. * '' Buddleja mendozensis'' Gillies ex. Benth. * ''
Buddleja microstachya ''Buddleja microstachya'' is a small shrub discovered in 2005 by Liu and Peng in Yunnan, China, growing at an elevation of 3,200 m in rocky terrain of the Yongde Mountains Nature Reserve.Liu, E.D. & Peng, H. (2006). ''Buddleja microstachya'' ...
'' E. D. Liu * '' Buddleja misionum'' Kraenzl. * ''
Buddleja montana ''Buddleja montana'' is a species endemic to the rocky hillsides of the cordilleras of Peru at altitudes of 2,700 – 4,000 m, extending into Bolivia; it was named and described by Britton in 1898.Britton. (1898). ''Bull. Torrey Bot. ...
'' Britton * ''
Buddleja myriantha ''Buddleja myriantha'' is a species endemicity, endemic to upper Burma and western China, including Tibet, where it grows along forest edges, thickets and streams at altitudes of 2,000 – 3,200 m.Leeuwenberg, A. J. M. (1979) ''The Logan ...
'' Diels. * '' Buddleja nitida'' Benth. * '' Buddleja nivea'' Duthie * ''
Buddleja oblonga ''Buddleja oblonga'' is a species endemic to the Serra do Caparaó and south as far as Paraná in Brazil, where it grows in fields and damp thickets near streams at altitudes of 1,000 – 2,200 m.Norman, E. M. (2000). Buddlejaceae. ''Fl ...
'' Benth. * ''
Buddleja officinalis ''Buddleja officinalis'' is a deciduous early-spring flowering shrub native to west Hubei, Sichuan, and Yunnan provinces in China.Phillips, R. & Rix, M. (1989). ''Shrubs''. Pan Books, London. Discovered in 1875 by Pavel Piasetski,Bryce, W. J. (2 ...
'' Maxim. * ''
Buddleja paniculata ''Buddleja paniculata'' is a species of flowering plant in the figwort family Scrophulariaceae, endemic to a wide upland area from northern India to Bhutan, growing along forest margins, in thickets, and on rocky slopes at elevations of . The spe ...
'' Wallich. * ''
Buddleja parviflora ''Buddleja parviflora'' is large dioecious shrub or small tree endemic to much of upland Mexico north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, in forests at elevations of 750 – 3500 m. The species was first named and described by Kunth in 1818.Ku ...
'' Kunth * '' Buddleja perfoliata'' Kunth * '' Buddleja pichinchensis'' Kunth * ''
Buddleja polycephala ''Buddleja polycephala'' is a shrub endemic to southern Ecuador and areas around Ayabaca and Piura, and Cajamarca in Peru, at elevations of 2,000 – 2,700 m. The species was first named and described by Kunth in 1818.Kunth, in Humboldt ...
'' Kunth * ''
Buddleja polystachya ''Buddleja polystachya'' is a multi-branched shrub or occasionally small tree endemic to the semi-arid highlands flanking the Red Sea in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, Somalia and Yemen, where it grows in secondary scrub or around forest, ofte ...
'' Fresen. * '' Buddleja pulchella'' N. E. Br. * '' Buddleja racemosa'' Torr. * '' Buddleja ramboi'' L. B. Sm. * ''
Buddleja rufescens ''Buddleja rufescens'' is endemicity, endemic to western Peru from Piura to Ica, Peru, Ica where it grows along roadsides, dry river courses, and in remnants of scrubby woodland from sea level to 2,000 m. The species was first named and desc ...
'' Willd. ex Schultes & Schultes * '' Buddleja saligna'' Willd. * ''
Buddleja salviifolia ''Buddleja salviifolia'', common names sage bush and sagewood, is endemic to much of southern and eastern Africa, from Kenya and Angola south, where it grows on rocky hillsides, along forest margins and watercourses. The species was described and ...
'' (L.) Lam. * ''
Buddleja scordioides ''Buddleja scordioides'' is endemic to central Arizona, southeastern New Mexico, southwestern Texas, and the Chihuahua Desert of Mexico, growing amidst xeric thorn-scrub on alkaline soils at elevations of 600 – 2,500 m. The species was ...
'' Kunth * ''
Buddleja sessiliflora ''Buddleja sessiliflora'', commonly known as Rio Grande butterfly-bush or tepozán, native to southern Arizona and the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas in the United States as well as much of central and northern Mexico excluding the Chihuahua De ...
'' Kunth * '' Buddleja skutchii'' C. V. Morton * ''
Buddleja simplex ''Buddleja simplex'' is probably extinct, as no record of it has been made for nearly 200 years. It was a species endemic to Saltillo in Mexico, described and named by Kraenzlin in 1912.Kraenzlin, F. W. L. (1912). ''Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien'' ...
'' Kraenzl. * ''
Buddleja soratae ''Buddleja soratae'' is a rare species endemic to one small area of Bolivia around Sorata, growing along forest edges at altitudes of 2,700 - 3,200 m; it was first described and named by Kraenzlin in 1913.Kraenzlin, F. W. L. (1913). ''Bot. ...
'' Kraenzl. * '' Buddleja speciosissima'' Taub. * '' Buddleja sphaerocalyx'' Baker * '' Buddleja stachyoides'' Cham & Schltdl. * '' Buddleja stenostachya'' Rehder & E.H.Wilson * ''
Buddleja sterniana ''Buddleja sterniana'' was a species sunk as ''Buddleja crispa'' by Leeuwenberg in 1979,Leeuwenberg, A. J. M. (1979) ''The Loganiaceae of Africa XVIII Buddleja L. II, Revision of the African & Asiatic species''. H. Veenman & Zonen, Wageningen, ...
'' A. D. Cotton * '' Buddleja suaveolens'' Kunth & Bouché * '' Buddleja subcapitata'' E. D. Liu * ''
Buddleja tibetica ''Buddleja tibetica'' was a species sunk as ''Buddleja crispa'' by Leeuwenberg in 1979,Leeuwenberg, A. J. M. (1979) ''The Loganiaceae of Africa XVIII Buddleja L. II, Revision of the African & Asiatic species''. H. Veenman & Zonen, Wageningen, N ...
'' W. W. Sm. * '' Buddleja thyrsoides'' Lam. * ''
Buddleja tubiflora ''Buddleja tubiflora'' is endemic to much of northern Argentina, southern Paraguay, and southern Brazil, where it grows at the edge of woodlands, thickets, and in old fields, at low elevations. The species was first named and described by George ...
'' Benth. * ''
Buddleja tucumanensis ''Buddleja tucumanensis'' is endemicity, endemic to the La Paz Department, Bolivia, La Paz Department of Bolivia and to the Catamarca Province of Argentina, growing on rocky hillsides, along streams and roads from sea level to 3,300 m. The s ...
'' Griseb. * '' Buddleja utahensis'' Coville * '' Buddleja vexans'' Kraenzl. & Loes. ex E. M. Norman * ''Buddleja × wardii'' C.Marquand * ''
Buddleja yunnanensis ''Buddleja yunnanensis'' is a shrub native to Yunnan and much of the rest of south-western China, where it grows on forest margins, thickets, and along streams at elevations of 1,000 – 2,500 m. The shrub was first described and named b ...
'' Gagnep.


Formerly placed here

* ''
Cephalanthus glabratus ''Cephalanthus glabratus'' is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, that is native to South America. A common local name is sarandí colorado. It was described by (Spreng.) K.Schum. and published in ''Flora Brasiliensis 6 ...
'' (Spreng.) K.Schum. (as ''B. glabrata'' Spreng.)


Gallery

Image:Buddavii.jpg, ''B. davidii'' - Invasive species, here in an urban area Image:Buddleja asiatica.jpg, ''Buddleja madagascariensis'' - flowers and foliage File:Ibuddleiaigarata.jpg, Unidentified ''Buddleja'' species in Igarata, Brazil File:Monarch Butterfly Flower.jpg, Monarch butterfly feeding on ''Buddleja davidii'' in
Connecticut Connecticut () is the southernmost state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its cap ...
File:Buddleja officinalis with Red Admiral.jpg, Red Admiral butterfly feeding on ''Buddleja officinalis'' in January


RHS Award of Garden Merit

The following Buddleja species and cultivars are (2017) holders of the
Royal Horticultural Society The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), founded in 1804 as the Horticultural Society of London, is the UK's leading gardening charity. The RHS promotes horticulture through its five gardens at Wisley (Surrey), Hyde Hall (Essex), Harlow Carr (Nort ...
's
Award of Garden Merit The Award of Garden Merit (AGM) is a long-established annual award for plants by the British Royal Horticultural Society (RHS). It is based on assessment of the plants' performance under UK growing conditions. History The Award of Garden Merit ...
: * ''B. alternifolia'' * ''B. asiatica'' * ''B. davidii'' 'Black Knight' * ''B. davidii'' 'Blue Horizon' * ''B. davidii'' 'Camkeep' = * ''B. davidii'' 'Darent Valley' * ''B. davidii'' 'Dartmoor' *''B. davidii'' 'Monum' = * ''B. davidii'' 'Monite' = *''B. davidii'' 'Royal Red' * ''B. davidii'' 'White Profusion' * ''B. fallowiana'' var. ''alba'' * ''B. globosa'' * ''B''. 'Lochinch' * ''B. madagascariensis'' * ''B.'' 'Miss Ruby' * ''B. officinalis'' *''B.'' 'Pink Delight' * ''B.'' 'West Hill' *''B.'' × ''weyeriana'' 'Sungold'


See also

* List of Lepidoptera whose larvae feed on Buddleja


Monographs


Asiatic and African species

*Leeuwenberg, A. J. M. (1979) ''The Loganiaceae of Africa XVIII Buddleja L. II, Revision of the African & Asiatic species''. H. Veenman & Zonen, Wageningen, Nederland.


North and South American species

*Norman, E. (2000). Buddlejaceae. ''Flora Neotropica, Vol. 81.'' New York Botanical Garden, USA.


Cultivated species and cultivars

*Stuart, D. (2006). ''Buddlejas''. RHS Plant Collector Guide. Timber Press, Oregon, USA.


References


External links


''Buddleja globosa'' pictures from ''Chilebosque''.
{{Taxonbar, from=Q158011 Butterfly food plants Scrophulariaceae genera