Budaun is commonly pronounced Badayun is a city and a seat of
Budaun district,
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh (; , 'Northern Province') is a state in northern India. With over 200 million inhabitants, it is the most populated state in India as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world. It was established in 1950 ...
, India. It is located near the
Ganges river
The Ganges ( ) (in India: Ganga ( ); in Bangladesh: Padma ( )). "The Ganges Basin, known in India as the Ganga and in Bangladesh as the Padma, is an international river to which India, Bangladesh, Nepal and China are the riparian states." is ...
in the centre of Western Uttar Pradesh. Budaun was the capital of
Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate was an Islamic empire based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years (1206–1526). for four years from 1210 CE to 1214 CE during
Sultan
Sultan (; ar, سلطان ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it ...
Iltutmish
Shams ud-Din Iltutmish ( fa, شمس الدین ایلتتمش; died 30 April 1236, ) was the third of the Mamluk kings who ruled the former Ghurid territories in northern India. He was the first Muslim sovereign to rule from Delhi, and is thus ...
rule. It was the most important post of Northern Frontier during
Mughal
Mughal or Moghul may refer to:
Related to the Mughal Empire
* Mughal Empire of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries
* Mughal dynasty
* Mughal emperors
* Mughal people, a social group of Central and South Asia
* Mughal architecture
* Mug ...
reign. Budaun is a big market, historically famous and religiously important city. It is the heart of
Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand (previously Rampur State) is a region in the northwestern part of Uttar Pradesh, India, that is centered on the Rampur, Bareilly and Moradabad divisions. It is part of the upper Ganges Plain, and is named after the Rohilla tribe. Th ...
. Budaun is 229 km from
New Delhi
New Delhi (, , ''Naī Dillī'') is the capital of India and a part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT). New Delhi is the seat of all three branches of the government of India, hosting the Rashtrapati Bhavan, Parliament House ...
and it takes about 5 to 7 hours to reach the city depending on mode of transport i.e. car or roadways bus service. The town is near the left bank of the river
Sot.
[
]
Etymology and archaeology
Prof. Goti John referred this city was named ''Bedamooth'' in an ancient inscription based on stone scripts at the Lucknow Museum
State Museum, Lucknow is a prominent museum located in the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, India. The museum is currently located in the Nawab Wajid Ali Shah Zoological Gardens, Banarasi Bagh, Lucknow. The museum was established in 1863 from t ...
. Later this region was called Panchal
Panchal or Panchal Brahmin is a collective term for a variable range of Artisanal Indian caste groups who are Brahmins.
According to Louis Dumont, it is derived from the word ''panch'', meaning ''five'', and refers to communities that have tradi ...
. According to the lines on stone scripts there was a village ''Bhadaunlak'' near the city. The Muslim historian Roz Khan Lodhi said that at Ashoka The Great
Ashoka (, ; also ''Asoka''; 304 – 232 BCE), popularly known as Ashoka the Great, was the third emperor of the Maurya Empire of Indian subcontinent during to 232 BCE. His empire covered a large part of the Indian subcontinent, ...
built a Buddh Vihar and Quila; he named it ''BuddhMau'' ( Budaun Fort). According to George Smith, Budaun was named after the Ahir
Ahir or Aheer are a community of traditionally non-elite pastoralists in India, most members of which identify as being of the Indian Yadav community because they consider the two terms to be synonymous. The Ahirs are variously described as a ...
prince Budh.
Recent Archaeology- Though it is an ancient as well as archaeological-rich city yet it do not get much more importance in terms of archaeology. Recently, in a village in Budaun known as Kheda Jalalpur village.
Fragments of Hindu temple idols, ancient bricks have been recovered from the mound of that village. According to the ASI, these remains belong to the post-Gupta period
The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire which existed from the early 4th century CE to late 6th century CE. At its zenith, from approximately 319 to 467 CE, it covered much of the Indian subcontinent. This period is considered as the Gol ...
(7th-8th century), which is related to the time of about 1300-1400 years before today.
History
According to the (Budaun District, Govt. Of Uttar Pradesh) stories, Budaun was named after Ahir
Ahir or Aheer are a community of traditionally non-elite pastoralists in India, most members of which identify as being of the Indian Yadav community because they consider the two terms to be synonymous. The Ahirs are variously described as a ...
prince Budh. The local tradition regarding this city is that it was founded in 905 A.D. by an Ahir
Ahir or Aheer are a community of traditionally non-elite pastoralists in India, most members of which identify as being of the Indian Yadav community because they consider the two terms to be synonymous. The Ahirs are variously described as a ...
prince whose name was Budh. and after whom it was called Budaun. and an inscription, probably of the 12th century, gives a list of twelve Rathore
The Rathore is a Rajput clan found in Northern India.
Subclans
Jodhana, Vadhel, Jaitawat, Kumpawat, Champawat, Meratiya, Udawat, Karamsot etc. are the branches or subclans of Rathore Rajputs. Coverage
This article discusses the "Kanauji ...
kings reigning at Budaun then called Vodamāyuta. Kanauj was conquered after 1085 by Mahmūd, the son of the Ghaznavid Sultān, driving out the Rāshtrakūta chief. This the Rāshtrakūta chief then move their capital to Vodamāyuta, where they ruled until conquered by Qutb-ud-din Aibak
Qutb ud-Din Aibak ( fa, قطبالدین ایبک), (1150 – 14 November 1210) was a Turkic general of the Ghurid king Muhammad Ghori. He was in charge of the Ghurid territories in northern India, and after Muhammad Ghori's assassination in ...
.
The first authentic historical event connected with it, however, was its capture by Qutb-ud-din Aibak in 1196, after which it became a very important post on the northern frontier of the Delhi
Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, primarily its western or right bank, Delhi shares borders w ...
empire. In 1223, a mosque
A mosque (; from ar, مَسْجِد, masjid, ; literally "place of ritual prostration"), also called masjid, is a place of prayer for Muslims. Mosques are usually covered buildings, but can be any place where prayers ( sujud) are performed, ...
of imposing size, crowned with a dome, was built. In the 13th century two of its governors, Shams-ud-din Iltutmish, the builder of the mosque referred above, and his son Rukn ud din Firuz
Rukn-ud-din Firuz ( fa, رکنالدین فیروز), also transliterated as Rukn al-Din Firoz (died 19 November 1236), was a ruler of Delhi sultanate for less than seven months in 1236. As a prince, he had administered the Badaun and Lahore ...
, attained the imperial throne. In 1571 the town was burnt, and about a hundred years later, under Shah Jahan
Shihab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram (5 January 1592 – 22 January 1666), better known by his regnal name Shah Jahan I (; ), was the fifth emperor of the Mughal Empire, reigning from January 1628 until July 1658. Under his emperorship, the Mugha ...
, the seat of the governorship was transferred to Sahaspur-Bilari. Budaun and its district was ceded to the British government in 1801 by the Nawab
Nawab (Balochi language, Balochi: نواب; ar, نواب;
bn, নবাব/নওয়াব;
hi, नवाब;
Punjabi language, Punjabi : ਨਵਾਬ;
Persian language, Persian,
Punjabi language, Punjabi ,
Sindhi language, Sindhi,
Urd ...
of Oudh
The Oudh State (, also Kingdom of Awadh, Kingdom of Oudh, or Awadh State) was a princely state in the Awadh region of North India until its annexation by the British in 1856. The name Oudh, now obsolete, was once the anglicized name of ...
.[
In 1911, Budaun was a town and district of ]British
British may refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies.
** Britishness, the British identity and common culture
* British English, ...
India, in the Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand (previously Rampur State) is a region in the northwestern part of Uttar Pradesh, India, that is centered on the Rampur, Bareilly and Moradabad divisions. It is part of the upper Ganges Plain, and is named after the Rohilla tribe. Th ...
division of the United Provinces. At the time, an American Methodist mission maintained several girls schools and there was a high school for boys.[
]
Politics
Sanghmitra Maurya
Sanghmitra Maurya (born 3 January 1985) is an Indian politician and a member of the 17th Lok Sabha. She was elected to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India from Badaun (Lok Sabha constituency), Badaun, Uttar Pradesh in the ...
is the MP of the Budaun Constituency and is the daughter of Swami Prasad Maurya
Swami Prasad Maurya (born 2 January 1954) is an Indian politician and was a member of the 17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh of India. He represented the Padrauna constituency of Uttar Pradesh. He is a member of Samajwadi Party.
Maur ...
. Budaun has large population of Ahir
Ahir or Aheer are a community of traditionally non-elite pastoralists in India, most members of which identify as being of the Indian Yadav community because they consider the two terms to be synonymous. The Ahirs are variously described as a ...
s which according to British historian Matthew Atmore Sherring came from Hansi
Hansi, is a city and municipal council in Hisar district in the Indian state of Haryana. It appears that at one time Hansi was larger, more prosperous and more important than Hisar. The town has several important buildings of archeological import ...
and Hisar which is in Haryana
Haryana (; ) is an Indian state located in the northern part of the country. It was carved out of the former state of East Punjab on 1 Nov 1966 on a linguistic basis. It is ranked 21st in terms of area, with less than 1.4% () of India's land ar ...
.
Demographics
census, Budaun City had a population of 159,221 (83,475 male 75,746 female = 1000/907), 39,613 (12.3%) of whom were aged 0–6. The adult literacy rate was 73.%. The widely spoken language in the city is Hindi and Awadhi. The sex ratio of Budaun city is 907 per 1000 males. Child sex ratio of girls is 882 per 1000 boys. The area of the city is 81 square km. Budaun Metro Area have a population of around 417000 and an area of With Badaun City, it includes Shekhupur, Bahedi, Islamganj, Chandanpur, Salarpur, Salarpur Industrial Estate, Shekhupur Firing Range, Padauna and Khera Buzurg.%.
Tourism
Budaun is considered to be of immense religious significance among both Hindus and Muslims. At the first glance, with its dusty avenues and sleepy streets, it seems nothing more than a secluded small town. But there are numerous ruins and monuments that reveal many legends from its past. Casting a nostalgic charm, Budaun transports visitors to an era of mighty rulers and mystic Sufi saints like Nizamuddin Auliya - a Sufi saint. Adding to its allure is an aura of spirituality throughout the town. Budaun is home to a number of ruins that can be traced back to the Mughal era. The Budaun Fort and the iconic clock tower Ghanta Ghar, are among the prominent attractions, as are the tombs of rulers such as Iltumish and Ala Ud Din Alam Shah, who was the last ruler of the Sayyid dynasty. The 13th century Jama Masjid
A congregational mosque or Friday mosque (, ''masjid jāmi‘'', or simply: , ''jāmi‘''; ), or sometimes great mosque or grand mosque (, ''jāmi‘ kabir''; ), is a mosque for hosting the Friday noon prayers known as ''jumu'ah''.*
*
*
*
*
*
*
...
, which was built by Iltumish and the Qadri Dargah are among the popular shrines in Budaun. Budaun also hosts the ancien
Gauri Shankar Temple
dedicated to Hindu God Shiva, it is India's first Rasling a Shivling made by amalgamation of liquid Mercury and.Gold.
Distance
*Bareilly
Bareilly () is a city in Bareilly district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is among the largest metropolises in Western Uttar Pradesh and is the centre of the Bareilly division as well as the historical region of Rohilkhand. The city ...
- 51 km via NH530b
*Delhi
Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, primarily its western or right bank, Delhi shares borders w ...
- 234 km via SH 18 and Eastern Peripheral Expressway
*Mathura
Mathura () is a city and the administrative headquarters of Mathura district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located approximately north of Agra, and south-east of Delhi; about from the town of Vrindavan, and from Govardhan. ...
- 165 km via NH 530b
*Agra
Agra (, ) is a city on the banks of the Yamuna river in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, about south-east of the national capital New Delhi and 330 km west of the state capital Lucknow. With a population of roughly 1.6 million, Agra is ...
- 172 km via NH21
*Kanpur
Kanpur or Cawnpore ( /kɑːnˈpʊər/ pronunciation (help·info)) is an industrial city in the central-western part of the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Founded in 1207, Kanpur became one of the most important commercial and military stations o ...
- 253 km via SH 43
*Meerut
Meerut (, IAST: ''Meraṭh'') is a city in Meerut district of the western part of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city lies northeast of the national capital New Delhi, within the National Capital Region and west of the state capital ...
- 215 km via SH18
*Muzaffarnagar
Muzaffarnagar is a city under Muzaffarnagar District in the Indian State of Uttar Pradesh. It is situated midway on the Delhi - Haridwar/Dehradun National Highway (NH 58) and is also well connected with the national railway network. It is kno ...
- 270 km via SH18
Notable people
See also
* Badayuni Badayuni or Badauni is an Indian toponymic surname (nisba) for people from Budaun (formerly Badayun and Badaun) in Uttar Pradesh, India. People with this name include:
* `Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni (c. 1540 – c. 1605), Grand Mufti of India during the ...
* Panchala
* Sotha
{{Infobox settlement
, name = Sotha
, native_name =
, native_name_lang =
, other_name =
, nickname =
, settlement_type = Neighbourhood
, image_skyline ...
* Shyam Nagar
* Civil Lines, Budaun
Civil Lines is a residential neighbourhood in Budaun, India. It is one of the various Civil Lines neighbourhoods developed by the British Raj for the senior officers in British India. The Budaun Club is also situated in this neighbourhood. Thoug ...
* Great Mosque, Budaun
The Jama Masjid Shamsi is a major mosque built in historic center of Budaun, Uttar Pradesh, India.
The masjid was built by Iltutmish, the ruler of Delhi Sultanate that time. This masjid reflects Persian and Afghan architecture. It has three ...
References
{{Geographic location
, Centre = Ghantaghar
Bada Bazar
, North = Salarpur Industrial Area
Menthol Industrial belt
SriRam Nagar Colony
, Northeast = Shyam Nagar
Sagar Tal
Khera Navada
, East = KatraBrahampur
Patiyali Sarai
Khandsaari
, Southeast = Civil Lines
Awas Vikas
Shastri Nagar
, South = Police Lines
Nekpur
Samrat Ashok Nagar
, Southwest = Shekhupr
Nayi Basti
Lalpul
, West = Qaboolpura
Sotha
Chaudhari Sarai
, Northwest = Old City
Jama Masjid
Sheikh Patti
Populated places established in the 10th century
Rohilkhand
Cities in Uttar Pradesh
Former capital cities in India