''Browallia'' is a small

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of seven species of flowering plants (mostly annuals though occasionally

shrub A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees ...

s or ephemerophytes) belonging to the nightshade

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Solanaceae The Solanaceae , or nightshades, are a family of flowering plants that ranges from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and includes a number of agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, weeds, and orn ...

. Armando T. Hunziker: The Genera of Solanaceae. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G., Ruggell, Liechtenstein 2001. , pps. 87-89 inclusive. It is named after

Johannes Browallius Johannes Browallius (30 August 1707 – 25 July 1755), also called John Browall, was a Finnish and Swedish Lutheran theologian, physicist, botanist and at one time friend of Swedish taxonomist Carl Linnaeus. Career He was a Professor of Physics f ...

(1707–1755), also known as Johan Browall, a Swedish botanist, physician and bishop.Genaust, Helmut (1976). ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der botanischen Pflanzennamen'' The genus is closely related to the

monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispec ...

genus ''

Streptosolen ''Streptosolen'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Solanaceae. It is closely related to the genus Browallia, within which it was originally placed. The single species, ''Streptosolen jamesonii'', the marmalade bush or fire b ...

'', the single species of which was published initially under the name ''Browallia jamesonii''. ''Browallia'' species are found from southern

Arizona Arizona ( ; nv, Hoozdo Hahoodzo ; ood, Alĭ ṣonak ) is a state in the Southwestern United States. It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona is part of the Fou ...

in the north, southward through

Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

Central America Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States to the north, Colombia to the south, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. ...

and the

Antilles The Antilles (; gcf, label=Antillean Creole, Antiy; es, Antillas; french: Antilles; nl, Antillen; ht, Antiy; pap, Antias; Jamaican Patois: ''Antiliiz'') is an archipelago bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the south and west, the Gulf of Mex ...

to andine

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, reaching as far south as

Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...

Species

'At least 17 binomials,at the specific level,have been proposed for this difficult genus; no doubt that a critical sound treatment is badly needed to clarify its obscure taxonomy' - Armando Hunziker (2001)

* ''

Browallia abbreviata ''Browallia'' is a small genus of seven species of flowering plants (mostly annuals though occasionally shrubs or ephemerophytes) belonging to the nightshade family Solanaceae. Armando T. Hunziker: The Genera of Solanaceae. A.R.G. Gantner Ver ...

'' Benth. * ''

Browallia acutiloba ''Browallia'' is a small genus of seven species of flowering plants (mostly annuals though occasionally shrubs or ephemerophytes) belonging to the nightshade family Solanaceae. Armando T. Hunziker: The Genera of Solanaceae. A.R.G. Gantner Ver ...

'' A.S. Alva & O.D. Carranza * ''

Browallia americana ''Browallia americana'', the Jamaican forget-me-not, amethyst flower, or bush violet, is a species of flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. ...

'' L. - Jamaican forget-me-not * ''

Browallia dilloniana ''Browallia'' is a small genus of seven species of flowering plants (mostly annuals though occasionally shrubs or ephemerophytes) belonging to the nightshade family Solanaceae. Armando T. Hunziker: The Genera of Solanaceae. A.R.G. Gantner Ver ...

'' Limo, K. Lezama & S. Leiva * ''

Browallia eludens ''Browallia eludens'' is a small herb in the genus ''Browallia'' in the family Solanaceae. It is known only from a few locales in Arizona, Sonora, and Chihuahua. Indeed, at the time of its initial publication in 1993, this represented the firs ...

'' R.K.VanDevender & P.D.Jenkins - Arizona/yellow bush-violet * ''

Browallia mirabilis ''Browallia'' is a small genus of seven species of flowering plants (mostly annuals though occasionally shrubs or ephemerophytes) belonging to the nightshade family Solanaceae. Armando T. Hunziker: The Genera of Solanaceae. A.R.G. Gantner Ver ...

'' S. Leiva * ''

Browallia speciosa ''Browallia speciosa'' is a blue-violet tender perennial usually grown as an annual flowering plant also called the amethyst flower or bush violet. It is much used as a garden ornamental. Use in Colombian folk medicine The Ingano of Mocoa Mo ...

Hook. Sir William Jackson Hooker (6 July 178512 August 1865) was an English botanist and botanical illustrator, who became the first director of Kew when in 1841 it was recommended to be placed under state ownership as a botanic garden. At Kew h ...

- Amethyst flower or bush-violet

Use in Colombian folk medicine

The Ingano of Mocoa in the Colombian department of Putumayo chew the leaves of ''Browallia speciosa'' to a pulp and pack the resultant material around decaying molars to alleviate the pain of toothache.Schultes, Richard Evans and Raffauf, Robert F. ''The Healing Forest - Medicinal and Toxic Plants of the Northwest Amazonia'', pub. Dioscorides Press, Portland, Oregon (an imprint of Timber Press,Inc.) 1990 pps. 418-19.

Gallery

File:Browallia americana closeup.jpg, Close-up of flowers of ''Browallia americana''. Self-seeded, garden plant. File:Browallia americana, the Amethyst Flower (11413416736).jpg, Flower and foliage of ''Browallia americana'', wild plant,

Costa Rica Costa Rica (, ; ; literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( es, República de Costa Rica), is a country in the Central American region of North America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the no ...

. File:Browallia americana 2017-09-26 4687.jpg, Flower and buds of ''Browallia americana'', in profile,showing pubescent corolla tube and sticky trichomes of calyces. File:Browallia americana 2017-09-26 4685.jpg, Fruiting calyces of ''Browallia americana''. File:Browallia speciosa Marine Bells 1zz.jpg, ''Browallia speciosa'' cultivar "Marine Bells". Cultivated plant. File:Streptosolen jamesonii ( Solanaceae, subfamily Cestroideae ).jpg, ''

'' : a monotypic genus closely related to the genus Browallia. ''S. jamesonii'' was formerly classified as a Browallia and is still sometimes known colloquially as "Orange Browallia".

Species

Use in Colombian folk medicine

Gallery

References

Further reading