Brooks Atkinson Theater

The Lena Horne Theatre (previously the Mansfield Theatre and the Brooks Atkinson Theatre) is a Broadway theater at 256 West 47th Street in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City. Opened in 1926, it was designed by Herbert J. Krapp in a Spanish Revival style and was constructed for Irwin Chanin. It has 1,069 seats across two levels and is operated by the Nederlander Organization. Both the facade and the auditorium interior are New York City landmarks.

The facade is divided into two sections: the four-story stage house to the west, covered in buff-colored brick, and the three-story auditorium to the east, designed with yellow-beige brick and terracotta. The ground floor, which contains the theater's entrance, is shielded by a marquee. Above is a set of Palladian windows on the second story, as well as rectangular sash windows with lunettes on the third story. The facade is topped by an entablature and a sloping tiled roof. The auditorium contains ornamental plasterwork, a sloped orchestra level, a large balcony, and a coved ceiling. The balcony level contains box seats near the front of the auditorium, above which are murals.

The Mansfield Theatre was developed with the Biltmore (now Samuel J. Friedman) Theatre across the street, opening on February 15, 1926. The Mansfield struggled to attract hits from its opening until 1945 when Michael Myerberg bought it. In 1950, the Mansfield was leased to CBS for television productions under the name Studio 59. When Myerberg returned it to legitimate use in 1960, he renamed it after the former ''New York Times'' theater critic Brooks Atkinson. The Nederlander Organization purchased a partial ownership stake in the Brooks Atkinson Theatre in 1967 and became a full owner in 1974. Following a renovation in 2000, the theater has hosted several shows in the 21st century, such as the musical ''Waitress''. On November 1, 2022, the theater was renamed after Lena Horne, one of the earliest, widely-admired Black singer-actresses of the 20th century.

Site

The Lena Horne Theatre is at 258 West 47th Street, on the south sidewalk between Eighth Avenue and Broadway, near Times Square in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City. The square land lot covers , with a frontage of on 47th Street and a depth of 100 feet. The Lena Horne shares the block with the Paramount Hotel to the south and the Hotel Edison and Lunt-Fontanne Theatre to the east. Other nearby buildings include the Samuel J. Friedman Theatre to the north; the Ethel Barrymore Theatre and Longacre Theatre to the northeast; the Richard Rodgers Theatre and Imperial Theatre to the south; and the off-Broadway 47th Street Theatre to the west.

Design

The Lena Horne Theatre, originally the Mansfield Theatre, was designed by Herbert J. Krapp in a modern Spanish style and was constructed in 1926 for the Chanin brothers. The theater was originally named for British actor Richard Mansfield (1857–1907).; ; From 1960 to 2022, it was named for Brooks Atkinson (1894–1984), who was the theater critic for ''The New York Times'' from 1925 to 1960. Since 2022, the theater has been named for African-American actress and singer Lena Horne (1917–2010). The Lena Horne is operated by the Nederlander Organization.

Facade

The facade consists of two sections. The three-story-tall eastern section is wider and is symmetrical, containing the auditorium entrance. It is made of yellow-beige brick with white terracotta decorations. The western section, which contains the stage house, is four stories high and contains a brick facade. The third story of the auditorium is on an intermediate level between the third and fourth stories of the stage house.

Auditorium section

The first story of the auditorium's facade is symmetrically arranged. There is a water table made of terrazzo, above which are rusticated terracotta blocks made in ashlar. Several openings are placed within the first story. The easternmost opening contains recessed metal doors with sign boards. At the center are five metal double doors connecting with the box office lobby. The westernmost opening consists of a metal stage door. Sign boards are placed on the wall to the left (east) of the center openings, as well as on two of the double doors to the right (west) of center. A marquee hangs over the five center doorways and the immediate adjacent sign boards.

On the upper stories, the auditorium is arranged into three sections from left to right. The auditorium's outermost openings, on the second and third stories, have a single six-over-six sash window on either story. Lunettes with rosettes are placed above each of these windows. These windows are surrounded by a brick band, which is laid in a pattern resembling an arch. At the top of this arch is a molding with corbels, as well as a brick panel with bond work in a basket-weave pattern. Above this are terracotta friezes with fleur-de-lis and rosette patterns, topped by a brick parapet.

The central section contains three Palladian window frames at the second floor, with bracket-shaped keystones above each window. Twisting colonettes divide the openings in each Palladian frame, while the outer sections of the windows are bordered by pilasters with Corinthian-style capitals. The center opening is an open-air loggia, behind which is a fire stair with an iron railing. The other two Palladian openings contain sash windows. At the third story, there are three openings, surrounded by twisting moldings and a terracotta frame. The center opening is a ventilation grate while the other two contain six-over-six sash windows. All three window openings have a lunette with rosette above them. Between the window openings are medallions that depict lyres. A sign with the name "Brooks Atkinson" projects from the western side of the third floor. Brackets run above the third floor, supporting a cornice and a Spanish tile roof.

Stage house section

The Lena Horne Theatre's stage house is much simpler in design, with a terrazzo water table. Unlike in the auditorium section, all four stories are faced in brick. At ground level, there is a doorway and a garage opening, between which are two bricked-up window openings. A string course runs above the ground story. On each of the second through fourth floors, there are three sash windows with two-over-two panes, and a brick lintel is placed above each window. The stage house is topped by a cornice and a parapet.

Auditorium

The auditorium has an orchestra level, one balcony, boxes, and a stage behind the proscenium arch. The auditorium space is designed with plaster decorations in low relief. According to the Nederlander Organization, the auditorium has 1,069 seats; meanwhile, The Broadway League cites a capacity of 1,094 seats and ''Playbill'' cites 1,045 seats. The Lena Horne Theatre is designed in a Spanish style and originally had a seating capacity of 1,125. The interior design scheme was overseen by Roman Meltzer, who was the architect for Russian emperor Nicholas II.

Seating areas

The rear (east) end of the orchestra contains a promenade with paneled walls and a molded cornice. The orchestra is raked, sloping down toward the stage. There are two columns between the orchestra and the promenade, between which is a decorative railing. Two staircases, with decorative metal railings, lead from either end of the promenade to the balcony level. The orchestra's north (right) wall has doors from the lobby, while the south (left) and rear walls contain exit doors. There are foliate swag motifs on either side of the exit signs above the doors. The orchestra's side walls contain decorative panels. Bronze lighting sconces are placed along the walls of the orchestra and its promenade.

The balcony level is divided into front and rear sections by an aisle halfway across the depth. On either side of the crossover aisle are exit doors, which are placed between pilasters and wall panels on either side. Above the exit doors are arch decorations and a frieze with swags. The rest of the balcony's side walls contain panels, which are divided into upper and lower sections, with foliate decorations in the upper panels and plain decorations in the lower panels. A cornice runs above all of the walls. The front rail of the balcony contains shields and foliate decorations. Light boxes are installed on the front rail. The underside of the balcony has plasterwork panels with crystal light fixtures suspended from medallions. Air-conditioning vents are placed along some of the panels under the balcony.

On either side of the proscenium is a curved wall section with three arches, each of which corresponds to a box at balcony level. The wall section is flanked by fluted pilasters with Corinthian-style gilded capitals. At orchestra level, the wall sections contain a false rusticated wall with three rectangular openings. The undersides of the boxes contain crystal light fixtures similar to those on the balcony. The fronts of the boxes are curved outward and contain shields and foliate decorations. Twisting colonettes run beside each arch, while egg-and-dart moldings run along the tops of the arches. The arches are separated by fluted pilasters with Corinthian capitals, above which is a molding. At the tops of the boxes are murals that show commedia dell'arte and muses. These murals were painted by A. Battisti and G. Troombul.

Other design features

There is a three-centered proscenium arch next to the boxes. The archway is surrounded by a molded band with anthemia, egg-and-dart, and rope motifs. The spandrels, above the corners of the proscenium arch, contain Adam-style sphinx motifs. There are fluted pilasters with gilded Corinthian capitals along either side of the arch. Above these pilasters is a frieze containing motifs of arches with fans.

A beam separates the ceiling into front and rear sections. The beam is decorated with a frieze containing arch-and-fan motifs (similar to the frieze above the proscenium). The front section is a coved ceiling, surrounded by a frieze with an arch-and-fan motif. Moldings divide the cove into sections, which are decorated with urns and foliate designs. A crystal chandelier hangs from the center of the cove. The rear section contains molded bands with bead motifs, which divide the ceiling into arch- and lozenge-shaped panels. Near the side walls, the moldings contain cartouches with foliate designs, from which are suspended four chandeliers.

History

Times Square became the epicenter for large-scale theater productions between 1900 and the Great Depression. During the 1900s and 1910s, many theaters in Midtown Manhattan were developed by the Shubert brothers, one of the major theatrical syndicates of the time. The Chanin brothers developed another grouping of theaters in the mid-1920s. Though the Chanins largely specialized in real estate rather than theaters, Irwin Chanin had become interested in theater when he was an impoverished student at the Cooper Union. He subsequently recalled that he had been "humiliated" by having to use a separate door whenever he bought cheap seats in an upper balcony level.

Initial Broadway run

1920s

Irwin Chanin was a newcomer to the Broadway theater industry when he was developing his first theater, the 46th Street (now Richard Rodgers). Chanin hired Herbert Krapp, an experienced architect who had designed multiple Broadway theaters for the Shubert brothers. The 46th Street Theatre opened in early 1925 as Chanin's first Broadway theater. Chanin retained Krapp to design the Biltmore and Mansfield theaters on 47th Street, which at the time was a largely residential street. Irwin Chanin, who built the theater with his brother Henry, acquired the property title to the two theater sites on 47th Street in March 1925. Though the Biltmore was completed that December, the Mansfield was not finished until early the following year. On February 15, 1926, prior to the theater's opening, a luncheon was hosted in honor of Mansfield's widow Beatrice Cameron. Later that night, the theater opened with the melodrama ''The Night Duel''.

Generally, the Mansfield's early productions were flops.; ''The Night Duel'' lasted for 17 performances before closing,; and three similarly short-lived shows followed. The theater's first moderate success was ''If I Was Rich'' with Joe Laurie Jr., which opened in September 1926 and had 92 performances. ''The Ladder'' with Antoinette Perry opened at the Mansfield the next month, running for several hundred performances across numerous theaters. This was followed by a revival of Eugene O'Neill's '' Beyond the Horizon''. At the end of the year, the Mansfield staged three Hebrew-language plays performed by the Habima Players of Moscow, including ''The Dybbuk''. A revival of the Henrik Ibsen play ''Ghosts'', with Minnie Maddern Fiske, had 24 performances at the beginning of 1927. The theater hosted short-lived plays for the rest of that year.; That April, the Mansfield was sold to Irving Lewine, who leased the theater back to the Chanins for 63 years.

In August 1927, Charles L. Wagner arranged to operate the Mansfield for a year. Just before Wagner was scheduled to assume operation that October, Lew Fields took over the lease and Wagner's shows were relocated to another theater. Fields planned to stage at least four shows and rename the theater for himself. The beginning of 1928 saw short runs of the plays ''Mongolia'' and ''Atlas and Eva''. The first Fields production at the Mansfield was the Rodgers and Hart musical ''Present Arms'' in April 1928, which ran for 147 performances.; The theater's sign was changed to display the name "Lew Fields Theatre", though programs referred to the house as "Lew Fields's Mansfield Theatre". Rodgers and Hart also wrote the music for ''Chee-Chee'', which was much less popular than ''Present Arms''. At the end of the year, Lew Fields starred in ''Hello, Daddy'', which was produced by his children Dorothy and Herbert Fields;; ; it had 198 performances. The theater reverted to its original name in March 1929 with the opening of the flop ''Indiscretion''.

1930s and 1940s

The next success at the Mansfield was Marc Connelly's ''The Green Pastures'', which opened in February 1930. With a cast composed entirely of Black actors, it ultimately ran 640 performances. This was followed by numerous flops, which established the Mansfield Theatre as a "jinx house". The Chanins ultimately lost control of the Mansfield and their other theaters during the Depression. In October 1931, the Chanins relinquished their lease on the Mansfield to Irving Lewine. At the end of the year, the Group Theatre began presenting its productions at the Mansfield, first staging ''1931-'' and then ''The House of Connelly''. The Mansfield did not host any productions from March to December 1932. The Mutual Life Insurance Company subsequently foreclosed on the theater, and it was purchased by Nyamco Associates Inc. in October 1932 for $354,000. In the foreclosure process, all the theater's furnishings were removed. The same month as Nyamco's acquisition, Ray K. Bartlett and Edgar Allen took over the Mansfield for two years and reinstalled the furnishings.

The Mansfield reopened in December 1932 with the ''Shuffle Along'' of 1933, which closed after just 17 performances. In June 1933, the theater was leased to the syndicate Players League Inc. for 19 months. The theater did not have any particularly distinguished shows in 1933 or 1934, but George Abbott directed the moderately successful comedy ''Page Miss Glory'' in late 1934. The next year, the Mansfield had a transfer of ''Moon Over Mulberry Street'', as well as a run of ''On Stage'' with Osgood Perkins''.'' This was followed in 1937 by ''Antony and Cleopatra'' featuring Tallulah Bankhead, as well as ''Behind Red Lights'', which ran for 176 performances.; In 1938, the Shuberts proposed leasing the Mansfield at $14,000 a year, an extremely favorable rate compared to other theaters; they ultimately took the theater for a year and renovated it. The theater then hosted a transfer of the long-running ''What a Life'' in 1939, as well as the Group Theatre's ''Thunder Rock'' featuring Lee J. Cobb and Frances Farmer.

In 1940, the Mansfield hosted a revival of ''Juno and the Paycock'', a transfer of the long-running comedy ''Separate Rooms'', and the popular revue ''Meet the People''.; ;
The theater staged ''In Time to Come'' in 1941, as well as a revival of Shakespeare's ''As You Like It''. The theater mostly hosted short runs during 1942 and 1943, and producer Michael Myerberg signed a three-year lease for the Mansfield in June 1943. The comedy ''Janie'' was staged at the Mansfield for a short period during late 1943 and early 1944. Myerberg bought the theater outright in March 1944, and '' Anna Lucasta'', an adaptation of an American Negro Theater production, opened that August, starring Hilda Simms for 957 performances.; The ''New York Herald Tribune'' said at the time that all-Black casts had performed the only two "outstanding hits" in the Mansfield's two-decade history: ''Anna Lucasta'' and ''The Green Pastures''.

The Mansfield's next hit was Ruth Gordon's ''Years Ago'', which opened in 1946 which ran for 206 performances.; For the most part, the Mansfield hosted short runs during 1947. A revival of the musical ''The Cradle Will Rock'' opened at the end of that year and ran for two weeks. The Dublin Gate Theatre performed three shows at the Mansfield in February and March 1948, followed in April by the ''Billie Holiday Revue''. The Mansfield's final productions of the decade included '' Red Gloves'' in 1948 and ''Lend an Ear'' in 1949. DuMont Television Network considered leasing the Mansfield during the 1949 season, but the Shuberts operated the theater instead when DuMont decided against using it. The Mansfield hosted ''All You Need Is One Good Break'' in February 1950, and the Jean Anouilh play ''Peacock'' ran just two performances that April.

CBS studio and renaming

The Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) leased the Mansfield in August 1950 for five years, paying a very favorable annual rental of between $85,000 and $100,000. Ultimately, CBS used the theater for ten years. Known as CBS Studio 59, the theater was used to broadcast the long-running panel shows ''What's My Line?'' and ''I've Got a Secret''. CBS also used the theater for shows such as ''Showcase'', which showed actors in short clips. In 1958, Roger L. Stevens considered leasing the Mansfield Theatre from Myerberg, who still owned it.

Myerberg announced in mid-1960 that the former Mansfield Theatre would be renovated and reopened as a legitimate theater. The Mansfield was renamed after Brooks Atkinson, who had then recently retired as the theatrical critic for ''The New York Times.'' The Brooks Atkinson would be the first Broadway theater to be named for a theatre critic, as well as the second named for a newspaper writer, beside the Mark Hellinger Theatre. The theater was renamed at a ceremony on September 7, 1960.

Broadway revival

1960s and 1970s

The first production at the Brooks Atkinson was David Merrick's ''Vintage 60'', which opened on September 12, 1960, and lasted just eight performances.; This was followed the same year by ''Send Me No Flowers'', which featured David Wayne and Nancy Olson for 40 performances. The next year, the theater hosted a success with Neil Simon's first play, ''Come Blow Your Horn'',; ; which ran for 677 performances. This was followed in late 1962 by Sidney Kingsley's ''Night Life'' and in 1963 by Peter Ustinov's ''Photo Finish''. In early 1964, the Brooks Atkinson staged a five-performance run of Tennessee Williams's ''The Milk Train Doesn't Stop Here Anymore''; and solo appearances by Josephine Baker. The theater then hosted the controversial drama ''The Deputy'', which ran for 318 performances for much of the same year. At the end of 1964, Julie Harris starred at the Brooks Atkinson in ''Ready When You Are, C.B.!''; followed in 1965 by a 176-performance revival of ''The Glass Menagerie''.;

The Brooks Atkinson largely hosted flops for two years from November 1965 until Ustinov's ''Halfway Up the Tree