Bromadiolone is a potent anticoagulant

rodenticide Rodenticides are chemicals made and sold for the purpose of killing rodents. While commonly referred to as "rat poison", rodenticides are also used to kill mice, squirrels, woodchucks, chipmunks, porcupines, nutria, beavers, and voles. Despi ...

. It is a second-generation

4-hydroxycoumarin 4-Hydroxycoumarin is a coumarin derivative with a hydroxy group at the 4-position. Occurrence 4-Hydroxycoumarin is an important fungal metabolite from the precursor coumarin, and its production leads to further fermentative production of the na ...

derivative and

vitamin K antagonist Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) are a group of substances that reduce blood clotting by reducing the action of vitamin K. The term "vitamin K antagonist" is technically a misnomer, as the drugs do not directly antagonise the action of vitamin K in t ...

, often called a "super-

warfarin Warfarin, sold under the brand name Coumadin among others, is a medication that is used as an anticoagulant (blood thinner). It is commonly used to prevent blood clots such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, and to prevent st ...

" for its added potency and tendency to accumulate in the liver of the poisoned organism. When first introduced to the UK market in 1980, it was effective against rodent populations that had become resistant to first generation anticoagulants. The product may be used both indoors and outdoors for rats and mice. It is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the

Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 is a United States federal law passed by the 99th United States Congress located at Title 42, Chapter 116 of the U.S. Code, concerned with emergency response preparedness. On October ...

(42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities.

Toxicity

Bromadiolone can be absorbed through the digestive tract, through the lungs, or through skin contact. The pesticide is generally given orally.Bromadiolone
The substance is a vitamin K antagonist. The lack of

vitamin K Vitamin K refers to structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamers found in foods and marketed as dietary supplements. The human body requires vitamin K for post-synthesis modification of certain proteins that are required for blood coagulation ...

in the circulatory system reduces

blood clotting Coagulation, also known as clotting, is the process by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a blood clot. It potentially results in hemostasis, the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel, followed by repair. The mechanis ...

and will cause death due to internal hemorrhaging. Poisoning does not show effects for 24 to 36 hours after it is eaten and can take up to 2–5 days to cause death. Following are acute values for various animals (mammals): * rats 1.125 mg/kg b.w. * mice 1.75 mg/kg b.w. * rabbits 1 mg/kg b.w. * dogs > 10 mg/kg b.w. (oral MTD) * cats > 25 mg/kg b.w. (oral MTD)

Chemistry

The compound is used as a mixture of four

stereoisomer In stereochemistry, stereoisomerism, or spatial isomerism, is a form of isomerism in which molecules have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms (constitution), but differ in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in ...

s. Its two stereoisomeric centers are at the phenyl- and the hydroxyl-substituted carbons in the carbon chain of the substituent at the 3 position of the

coumarin Coumarin () or 2''H''-chromen-2-one is an aromatic organic chemical compound with formula . Its molecule can be described as a benzene molecule with two adjacent hydrogen atoms replaced by a lactone-like chain , forming a second six-membered h ...

Antidote

Vitamin K1 Phytomenadione, also known as vitamin K1 or phylloquinone, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. As a supplement it is used to treat certain bleedin ...

is used as antidote.

References

Anticoagulant rodenticides Organobromides Chromones Secondary alcohols 4-Hydroxycoumarins Biphenyls {{rodenticides

Toxicity

Chemistry

Antidote

See also

References