Degree abbreviations are used as an alternative way to specify an academic degree instead of spelling out the title in full, such as in reference books such as '' Who's Who'' and on

business cards Business cards are cards bearing business information about a company or individual. They are shared during formal introductions as a convenience and a memory aid. A business card typically includes the giver's name, company or business a ...

. Many degree titles have more than one possible abbreviation, with the abbreviation used varying between different universities. In the UK it is normal not to punctuate abbreviations for degrees with full stops (e.g. "BSc" rather than "B.Sc."), although this is done at some universities.

Overview

The '' Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies'' lays down five levels of qualification with the title of degree: foundation (not in Scotland), ordinary and honours bachelor's (only separate levels in Scotland), master's and doctoral. These relate to specific outcome-based level descriptors and are tied to the Bologna Process. It is common to put the name of the awarding institute in brackets after the degree abbreviation, e.g. BA (Lond). A list of standard abbreviations for British universities can be found at . Note that the lists below include historical degrees that may not currently be offered in British universities.

Anomalies

For historical reasons some universities (the ancient universities of England and Scotland) do not fully adhere to the Framework (particularly with respect to the title of Master of Arts), and degrees in medicine, dentistry, and veterinary medicine are titled as bachelor's degrees despite being at master's level.

Undergraduate Master of Arts degrees

The usage in the ancient universities is not consistent with the Framework or the Bologna Process. The ancient universities of England (

Oxford Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the ...

and

Cambridge Cambridge ( ) is a College town, university city and the county town in Cambridgeshire, England. It is located on the River Cam approximately north of London. As of the 2021 United Kingdom census, the population of Cambridge was 145,700. Cam ...

) grant an MA degree that is not a substantive qualification but reflects the ancient practice of these universities of promoting BAs to MAs (and thus full membership of the University) a few years after graduating (see Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin)). The

ancient universities of Scotland The ancient universities of Scotland () are medieval and renaissance universities which continue to exist in the present day. The majority of the ancient universities of the British Isles are located within Scotland, and have a number of dist ...

award an undergraduate MA (see

Scottish MA The degree of Master of Arts (MA; , ) in Scotland is an undergraduate degree. The degree can be either a three-year general or four-year ''Honours degree'' in humanities or social sciences, awarded by one of several institutions. Chiefly, the ...

) instead of a BA. For students to obtain a master's degree consistent with the framework in these ancient English universities, they have created the MSt (

Master of Studies The Master of Studies or Master in Studies (M.St. or MSt; ) is a postgraduate degree at the University of Oxford, University of Cambridge, University of St Andrews, the Australian National University, University of Dublin and the University of N ...

) to address this anomaly and differentiate between the degrees, both master's. The MAs from Aberdeen, Heriot-Watt, Glasgow, Edinburgh and St Andrews are considered bachelor's level qualifications on the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications and first cycle qualifications under the Bologna Process, while the Oxbridge MAs are considered "not academic qualifications" (the actual qualification being the BA).

Master's level bachelor's degrees

Conversely, some bachelor's degrees in the "higher faculties" at the older universities in the UK (e.g. those other than arts at Oxford and Cambridge) are postgraduate qualifications (e.g. the BCL and BMus at Oxford). Many have been changed to the corresponding master's degree (e.g. BSc is now MSc at Oxford), but only within the last generation. The BD ( Bachelor of Divinity) remains a higher degree at some universities (e.g. Oxford, Cambridge, St Andrews and, until recently, Durham) but is an undergraduate degree at most (e.g. London, Edinburgh, Aberdeen and Glasgow). Bachelor's degrees in medicine, dentistry and veterinary science, while undergraduate degrees, are longer courses and are considered to be master's level qualifications in the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications and second cycle qualifications under the Bologna Process.

Bachelor/Master/Doctor of Philosophy

There is an international (but not universal) custom that certain degrees will be designated '.... of Philosophy'. Examples are the

BPhil Bachelor of Philosophy (BPhil, BPh, or PhB; la, Baccalaureus Philosophiae or ) is the title of an academic degree that usually involves considerable research, either through a thesis or supervised research projects. Unlike many other bachelor's ...

(Bachelor of Philosophy), MPhil (Master of Philosophy) and PhD or DPhil (Doctor of Philosophy). Most recipients of such degrees have not engaged in a specialised study of academic philosophy - the degree is available for almost the whole range of disciplines. The origins lie in the ancient practice of regarding all areas of study as elements of 'philosophy' with its Greek meaning, 'friend of wisdom'. Thus holders of an MPhil degree may have earned it in any academic discipline.

Foundation level qualifications

These qualifications sit at level 5 (foundation level) of the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications and are short cycle (within or linked to the first cycle) qualifications under the Bologna Process. See also Foundation degree. * FdA - Foundation of Arts * FDA - Foundation Degree of the Arts * FDArts - Foundation Degree of the Arts * FDEd - Foundation Degree of Education * FdEng - Foundation of Engineering * FDEng - Foundation Degree of Engineering * FDS- Foundation Degree of Science * FdSc - Foundation of Sciences

Bachelor's level qualifications

These qualifications sit at level 6 (bachelor's level) of the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications and are first cycle (end of cycle) qualifications under the Bologna Process. Most British

bachelor's degree A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin ''baccalaureus'') or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin ''baccalaureatus'') is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to six ...

s are

honours degrees Honours degree has various meanings in the context of different degrees and education systems. Most commonly it refers to a variant of the Undergraduate education, undergraduate bachelor's degree containing a larger volume of material or a high ...

and indicated by putting "(Hons)" after the degree abbreviation. A student achieving a pass grade, below honours standard, may be awarded an "ordinary degree" or a "pass degree" and may not add "(Hons)". As noted above, the MAs of the

are also at this level and may also add "(Hons)" after their acronyms. Both these and bachelor's degrees with honours at Scottish universities are four-year courses at level 10 of the Framework for Qualifications of Higher Education Institutes in Scotland. Scottish bachelor's degrees without honours (including non-honours MAs from the ancient universities of Scotland) are three-year course with less specialisation (an ''Ordinary Degree'' or a ''General Degree'') at level 9 of the Framework for Qualifications of Higher Education Institutes in Scotland. Some of the following are postgraduate degrees in a few universities, but generally bachelors are undergraduate degrees. * AgrB - Bachelor of Agriculture * BA -

Bachelor of Arts Bachelor of arts (BA or AB; from the Latin ', ', or ') is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts, or, in some cases, other disciplines. A Bachelor of Arts degree course is generally completed in three or four year ...

** BA(Admin) - Bachelor of Arts in Administration ** BACom - Bachelor of Arts in Commerce ** BAEcon - Bachelor of Arts in Economics ** BA(Ed) - Bachelor of Arts in Education ** BA(FS) - Bachelor of Arts in Financial Studies ** BAI - Bachelor of Arts in Engineering (''Arte Ingeniaria'') *** BAI(Elect) - Bachelor of Arts in Electrical Engineering *** BAI(Mech) - Bachelor of Arts in Mechanical Engineering ** BALaw - Bachelor of Arts in Law ** BAO - Bachelor of Arts in Obstetrics (''Arte Obstetricia'') ** BARelSt - Bachelor of Arts on Religious Studies ** BASc -

Bachelor of Arts and Science Bachelor of Arts and Science(s) (BA&Sc, BASc, BAS, B.A.&Sc., B.A.Sc., or B.A.S.), sometimes also named Bachelor of Science and Arts (BSA), is an undergraduate bachelor's degree conferred by a small number of universities from countries including the ...

** BASoc - Bachelor of Arts in Sociology ** BATheol - Bachelor of Arts in Theology * BA/BSc - Bachelor of Arts/Bachelor of Science * BAcc - Bachelor of Accounting * BAdmin - Bachelor of Administration * BAgr - Bachelor of Agriculture * BAH - Bachelor of Animal Health * BArch -

Bachelor of Architecture The Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch.) is a bachelor's degree designed to satisfy the academic requirement of practising architecture around the world. Australia Architectural education in Australia varies depending on the university offering th ...

* BArchSc - Bachelor of Architectural Science * BBA -

Bachelor of Business Administration Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) is a bachelor's degree in business administration awarded by colleges and universities after completion of undergraduate study in the fundamentals of business administration and usually including advanced ...

* BBLS - Bachelor of Business and Legal Studies * BBS - Bachelor of Business Studies * BBus - Bachelor of Business * BChem - Bachelor of Chemistry * BCL -

Bachelor of Civil Law Bachelor of Civil Law (abbreviated BCL, or B.C.L.; la, Baccalaureus Civilis Legis) is the name of various degrees in law conferred by English-language universities. The BCL originated as a postgraduate degree in the universities of Oxford and Cam ...

* BCLD(SocSc) - Bachelor of Community Learning and Development in Social Sciences * BClinSci - Bachelor of Clinical Science * BCom -

Bachelor of Commerce A Bachelor of Commerce (abbreviated BComm or BCom; also, ''baccalaureates commercii'') is an undergraduate degree in business, usually awarded in Canada, Australia, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Ireland, New Zealand, Ghana, South Africa, Myanmar, ...

* BCombSt - Bachelor of Combined Studies * BCommEdCommDev - Bachelor of Community Education and Community Development * BComSc - Bachelor of Commercial Science * BD - Bachelor of Divinity * BDes -

Bachelor of Design A Bachelor of Design (B.Des. or B.Design) degree is usually an undergraduate academic degree in the field of design awarded for a course or major that generally lasts three or four years. It is the undergraduate equivalent of the Master of Design, ...

* BDiv - Bachelor of Divinity * BEconSc - Bachelor of Economic Science * BEconSci - Bachelor of Science in

Economics Economics () is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work. Microeconomics analyzes ...

* BEd -

Bachelor of Education A Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) is an undergraduate professional degree which prepares students for work as a teacher in schools. In some countries such as Tanzania and Kenya, additional tasks like field work and research are required in order fo ...

* BEng -

Bachelor of Engineering A Bachelor of Engineering (BEng) or a Bachelor of Science in Engineering (BSE) is an academic undergraduate degree awarded to a student after three to five years of studying engineering at an accredited college or university. In the UK, a Ba ...

* BES - Bachelor of Engineering Studies * BEng(Tech) - Bachelor of Engineering in Technology * BEng/BSc - Bachelor of Engineering, Bachelor of Science * BFA - Bachelor of Fine Art * BFin - Bachelor of Finance * BFLS - Bachelor of Financial and Legal Studies * BFST - Bachelor of Food Science and Technology * BH - Bachelor of Humanities * BHealthSc - Bachelor of Health Sciences * BHSc - Bachelor of Health Science * BHy - Bachelor of Hygiene * BIBA - Bachelor of International Business Administration * BJur - Bachelor of Jurisprudence * BL - Bachelor of Law * BLE - Bachelor of Land Economy * BLegSc - Bachelor of Legal Science * BLib - Bachelor of

Librarianship Library science (often termed library studies, bibliothecography, and library economy) is an interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary field that applies the practices, perspectives, and tools of management, information technology, education, and ...

* BLing - Bachelor of Linguistics * BLitt - Bachelor of Letters or Bachelor of Literature * BLittCelt - Bachelor of Celtic Letters * BLS - Bachelor of

Library Studies Library science (often termed library studies, bibliothecography, and library economy) is an interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary field that applies the practices, perspectives, and tools of management, information technology, education, and ...

* BM - Bachelor of Medicine * BM - Bachelor of Midwifery * BMedSc - Bachelor of Medical Science(s) * BMedSci - Bachelor in Medical Science * BMet - Bachelor of Metallurgy * BMid - Bachelor of

Midwifery Midwifery is the health science and health profession that deals with pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period (including care of the newborn), in addition to the sexual and reproductive health of women throughout their lives. In many ...

* BMidWif - Bachelor of Midwifery * BMin - Bachelor of Ministry * BMS - Bachelor of Midwifery Studies * BMSc -

Bachelor of Medical Science A Bachelor of Medical Sciences (BMedSci, BMedSc, BSc(Med), BMSc) is an undergraduate Undergraduate education is education conducted after secondary education and before postgraduate education. It typically includes all postsecondary programs ...

* BMus -

Bachelor of Music Bachelor of Music (BM or BMus) is an academic degree awarded by a college, university, or conservatory upon completion of a program of study in music. In the United States, it is a professional degree, and the majority of work consists of pre ...

* BMusEd - Bachelor of Music Education * BMusPerf - Bachelor of Music Performance * BN -

Bachelor of Nursing The Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN, BScN) also known in some countries as a Bachelor of Nursing (BN) or Bachelor of Science (BS) with a Major in Nursing is an academic degree in the science and principles of nursing, granted by an accredited ...

* BNatSci - Bachelor in Natural Science * BNS - Bachelor of Nursing Studies * BNurs -

* BOptom - Bachelor of Optometry * BOst - Bachelor of

Osteopathy Osteopathy () is a type of alternative medicine that emphasizes physical manipulation of the body's muscle tissue and bones. Practitioners of osteopathy are referred to as osteopaths. Osteopathic manipulation is the core set of techniques in ...

* BPA - Bachelor of Public Administration * BPA - Bachelor of Performing Arts * BPharm -

Bachelor of Pharmacy A Bachelor of Pharmacy (abbreviated B Pharm or PharmB or BS Pharm) is a graduate academic degree in the field of pharmacy. In many countries, this degree is a prerequisite for registration to practice as a pharmacist. Since both PharmB and Phar ...

* BPhil -

Bachelor of Philosophy Bachelor of Philosophy (BPhil, BPh, or PhB; la, Baccalaureus Philosophiae or ) is the title of an academic degree that usually involves considerable research, either through a thesis or supervised research projects. Unlike many other bachelor's d ...

* BPhil(Ed) - Bachelor of Philosophy in Education * BPhys - Bachelor of Physics * BPhysio - Bachelor of Physiotherapy * BPl - Bachelor of Planning * BRadiog - Bachelor of Radiography * BSc -

Bachelor of Science A Bachelor of Science (BS, BSc, SB, or ScB; from the Latin ') is a bachelor's degree awarded for programs that generally last three to five years. The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University o ...

** BScAgr - Bachelor of Science in Agriculture ** BSc(Dairy) - Bachelor of Science in Dairying ** BScD - Bachelor of Science in Dentistry ** BSc(DomSc) - Bachelor of Science in Domestic Science ** BScEc - Bachelor of Science in Economic and Social Studies ** BScEcon - Bachelor of Science in Economic Science or Bachelor of Economic and Social Studies ** BSc(Econ) - Bachelor of Science in

** BSc(Ed) - Bachelor of Science in Education ** BSc(Eng) - Bachelor of Science in

Engineering Engineering is the use of scientific principles to design and build machines, structures, and other items, including bridges, tunnels, roads, vehicles, and buildings. The discipline of engineering encompasses a broad range of more speciali ...

** BScFor - Bachelor of Science in Forestry ** BScHW - Bachelor of Science in Health and Wellbeing ** BSc(HealthSc) - Bachelor of Science in Health Science ** BSc(Hort) - Bachelor of Science in Horticulture ** BSc(MCRM) - Bachelor of Science in Marine and Coastal Reserve Management ** BSc(Med) - Bachelor of Science in Medicine ** BSc(Mid) - Bachelor of Science in Midwifery ** BSc(Min) - Bachelor of Science in Mining ** BSc(Psych) - Bachelor of Science in

Psychology Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. Psychology includes the study of conscious and unconscious phenomena, including feelings and thoughts. It is an academic discipline of immense scope, crossing the boundaries between ...

** BScHSc - Bachelor of Science in Health Sciences ** BScPH - Bachelor of Science in Public Health ** BScTech - Bachelor of Science in Technology * BSocSc -

Bachelor of Social Science The academic undergraduate degree of Bachelor of Social Science (BSS, B.Soc.Sc., or B.Soc.Sci.) requires three to four years of study in the social sciences at an institution of higher education, primarily found in the Commonwealth of Nations. I ...

s * BSS - Bachelor of Social Studies * BSt - Bachelor of Studies * BStSu - Bachelor of Deaf Studies * BSW - Bachelor of Social Work * BTCP - Bachelor of Town and County Planning * BTech - Bachelor of Technology (not to be confused with BTEC) * BTechEd - Bachelor of Technological Education * BTh -

Bachelor of Theology The Bachelor of Theology degree (BTh, ThB, or BTheol) is a three- to five-year undergraduate degree in theological disciplines and is typically pursued by those seeking ordination for ministry in a church, denomination, or parachurch organization. ...

* BTheol -

* BTS - Bachelor of Theatre Studies * EdB -

* LittB - Bachelor of Literature or Bachelor of Letters * LLB -

Bachelor of Laws Bachelor of Laws ( la, Legum Baccalaureus; LL.B.) is an undergraduate law degree in the United Kingdom and most common law jurisdictions. Bachelor of Laws is also the name of the law degree awarded by universities in the People's Republic of Ch ...

** LLB(Eur) Bachelor of Laws (European) * MA - Master of Arts (bachelor's level at some Scottish universities) ** MA(SocSci) - Master of Arts (Social Sciences) * MusB - Bachelor of Music * ScBTech - Bachelor of Science in Technology

Master's level qualifications

These qualifications sit at level 7 (master's level) of the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications and are second cycle qualifications under the Bologna Process.

Undergraduate-entry degrees

Undergraduate-entry "Integrated master's" degrees are offered with honours, and so may add (hons) after the degree abbreviation. These are substantive master's degrees integrating undergraduate and master's level study, with the final qualification being at the same level as postgraduate master's. Primary qualifications in medicine, dentistry and veterinary medicine are taken as undergraduate-entry courses and are denominated bachelor's degrees, but are normally offered without honours These are also qualifications at the same level as postgraduate master's degrees, but retain the name of bachelor's for historical reasons. The

Bachelors of Medicine and Surgery Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery ( la, Medicinae Baccalaureus, Baccalaureus Chirurgiae; abbreviated most commonly MBBS), is the primary medical degree awarded by medical schools in countries that follow the tradition of the United King ...

are always taken together as the primary medical qualification in the UK, equivalent to the American MD. Note that where there is a similarly titled postgraduate master's degree, the formulation " Master in ..." is used for the undergraduate degree and "Master of ..." for the postgraduate degree (e.g. MArt/MA, MSci/MSc). Where there is no equivalent postgraduate degree, either "in" or "of" is used.

Integrated master's degrees

* MAcc - Master in

Accountancy Accounting, also known as accountancy, is the measurement, processing, and communication of financial and non financial information about economic entities such as businesses and corporations. Accounting, which has been called the "langua ...

* MAccFin - Master of Accounting and Finance * MAnth - Master in

Anthropology Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including past human species. Social anthropology studies patterns of be ...

* MArabic - Master of Arabic Studies * MArc - Master of Archaeology * MArch - Master of Architecture * MArt - Master in Arts * MART - Master of Art * MBio - Master of Biomedical Sciences, Master of Biological Sciences * MBiochem - Master of

Biochemistry Biochemistry or biological chemistry is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. A sub-discipline of both chemistry and biology, biochemistry may be divided into three fields: structural biology, enzymology and ...

* MBiol - Master of

Biology Biology is the scientific study of life. It is a natural science with a broad scope but has several unifying themes that tie it together as a single, coherent field. For instance, all organisms are made up of cells that process hereditary i ...

or Master in Biological Sciences * MBiolSci - Master of Biological Science * MBiomed - Master in Biomedical Sciences * MBioMedSci - Master of Biomedical Science * MBioms - Master of Biomedical Sciences * MBus - Master in Business and Management or Master of Business * MChD - Master in Dental Surgery * MChem - Master of Chemistry * MChemPhys - Master of

Chemical Physics Chemical physics is a subdiscipline of chemistry and physics that investigates physicochemical phenomena using techniques from atomic and molecular physics and condensed matter physics; it is the branch of physics that studies chemical process ...

* MChiro - Master of

Chiropractic Chiropractic is a form of alternative medicine concerned with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system, especially of the spine. It has esoteric origins and is based on several pseudosci ...

* MClass - Master of Classical Studies * MClassL - Master of Classical Languages * MComp - Master of

Computer Science Computer science is the study of computation, automation, and information. Computer science spans theoretical disciplines (such as algorithms, theory of computation, information theory, and automation) to practical disciplines (includi ...

or Master of Computing * MCompPhil - Master of Computer Science and Philosophy * MCompSci - Master of Computer Science * MComSC - Master of Community and Social Care * M.CMAc - Master of Chinese Medicine, Acupuncture * MCreW - Master of Creative Writing * MDiv - Master of Divinity * MDes - Master of

Design A design is a plan or specification for the construction of an object or system or for the implementation of an activity or process or the result of that plan or specification in the form of a prototype, product, or process. The verb ''to design' ...

* MDrama - Master of Drama and Theatre Studies * MEarthPhys - Master of Earth Physics * MEarthSci - Master of Earth Science * MEdStud - Master of Education Studies * MEcol - Master of Ecology * MEcon - Master of

* MEng -

Master of Engineering A Master of Engineering (abbreviated MEng, M.E. or M.Eng.) is either an academic or professional master's degree in the field of engineering. International variations Australia In Australia, the Master of Engineering degree is a research de ...

* MEngLit - Master of English * MEnv - Master of Environmental Science * MEnvSc - Master of Environmental Science * MESci - Master of Earth Science * MFin - Master of Finance * MFor - Master of Forestry * MGeog - Master of

Geography Geography (from Greek: , ''geographia''. Combination of Greek words ‘Geo’ (The Earth) and ‘Graphien’ (to describe), literally "earth description") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, an ...

* MGeogSCI - Master of Geographical Science * MGeol - Master of

Geology Geology () is a branch of natural science concerned with Earth and other astronomical objects, the features or rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time. Modern geology significantly overlaps all other Ea ...

* MGeophys - Master of

Geophysics Geophysics () is a subject of natural science concerned with the physical processes and physical properties of the Earth and its surrounding space environment, and the use of quantitative methods for their analysis. The term ''geophysics'' so ...

* MGeoSci - Master in Geology * MHist - Master of History * MHRM - Master of Human Resource Management * MInf - Master of Informatics * MLA - Master of Landscape Architecture * MLang - Master of Languages * MLaw - Master of Law * MLibArts - Master of Liberal Arts * MLing - Master of Linguistics * MMarBiol - Master of Marine Biology * MMark - Master in Marketing * MMath -

Master of Mathematics A Master of Mathematics (or MMath) degree is a specific advanced integrated Master's degree for courses in the field of mathematics. United Kingdom In the United Kingdom, the MMath is the internationally recognized standard qualification after a f ...

* MMath&Phys - Master of Mathematics and Physics * MMathCompSci - Master of Mathematics and Computer Science * MMathPhil - Master of Mathematics and Philosophy * MMathPhys - Master of Mathematics and

Physics Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge which r ...

* MMathStat - Master of Mathematics and Statistics * MMBiol - Master of Marine Biology * MME - Master of Mechanical Engineering * MMedSci - Master of Medical Science * MMet - Master of

Meteorology Meteorology is a branch of the atmospheric sciences (which include atmospheric chemistry and physics) with a major focus on weather forecasting. The study of meteorology dates back millennia, though significant progress in meteorology did no ...

* MMkt - Master in Marketing * MMorse - Master of Mathematics, Operational Research, Statistics and Economics * MMSc - Master of Marine Science * MNatSc - Master of Natural Science * MNeuro - Master in Neuroscience * MNeuroSci - Master of Neuroscience * MNSW - Master of Nursing and Social Work * MNurs - Master of Nursing * MNursSci - Master of Nursing Science * MNutr - Master of Nutrition * MOcean - Master of Oceanography * MOptom - Master of Optometry * MOSci - Master of Ocean Science * MOst - Master of Osteopathy * M.Ost. - Master of Osteopathy * MPharm - Master of Pharmacy * MPharmacol - Master of Pharmacology * MPhilSt - Master of Philosophical Studies * MPhyPhil - Master of Physics and Philosophy * MPhys -

Master of Physics A Master of Physics honours (or MPhys (Hons)) degree is a specific master's degree for courses in the field of physics. United Kingdom In England and Wales, the MPhys is an undergraduate award available after pursuing a four-year course of study a ...

* MPhysio - Master of Physiotherapy * MPhysPhil - Master of Physics and Philosophy * MPlan - Master of Town and Regional Planning * MPLAN - Master of Planning * MPol - Master of Politics and International Relations * MPsych - Master of Psychology * MRelSt - Master of Religious Studies * MSci - Master in Science (Master of Natural Sciences at Cambridge) * MScOT or MScOccTher - Master of Science in Occupational Therapy * MSLT - Master of Speech and Language Therapy * MSoc - Master of Sociology * MSocStud - Master of Social Studies * MSPRT - Master of Sport * MStat - Master of Statistics * MTheatre - Master of Theatre * MTheol - Master in Theology * MTCP - Master of Town and Country Planning * MVetPhys - Master of Veterinary Physiotherapy * MZOOL - Master of Zoology

Primary dental qualifications

* BChD - Bachelor of Dental Surgery * BDOS - Bachelor of Dental and Oral Sciences * BDS - Bachelor of Dental Surgery * DDS - Doctor of Dental Surgery

Primary medical qualifications

* BMBS -

or Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery * BMBCh -

* MB, BChir - Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery * MBBCh - Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery * MBBS -

or Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery * MBChB -

or Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery * MD - Doctor of Medicine

Primary veterinary qualifications

* BVS - Bachelor of Veterinary Surgery * BVetM - Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine * BVetMed - Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine * BVM&S - Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery * BVMBVS - Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine, Bachelor of Veterinary Science * BVMedSci - Bachelor of Veterinary Medical Science * BVMS - Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine * BVMSci - Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine and Science * BVSc - Bachelor of Veterinary Science * VetMB - Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine

Postgraduate degrees

Postgraduate master's degrees may be either taught degrees or research degrees. Taught master's degrees may be awarded by an institution with taught degree awarding powers; master's degrees by research (e g MPhil, MRes), where over half of the student's effort is in original research, require research degree awarding powers. Postgraduate degrees are not normally honours degrees and thus do not add "(Hons)". Some degrees may be offered as either integrated master's or postgraduate master's courses at different institutes, e.g. MEng and MArch. A few postgraduate degrees at Oxford are titled as bachelor's degrees. These are, nonetheless, master's level qualifications. * BCL - Bachelor of Civil Law (Oxford) * BPhil - Bachelor of Philosophy (Oxford) * EMBS - European Master in Business Sciences * LLM - Master of Laws (Master of Law at Cambridge) ** LLM(Res) Master of Laws (Research) * MA -

Master of Arts A Master of Arts ( la, Magister Artium or ''Artium Magister''; abbreviated MA, M.A., AM, or A.M.) is the holder of a master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The degree is usually contrasted with that of Master of Science. Th ...

* MArch -

Master of Architecture The “Master of Architecture”(M.Arch or MArch) or a “Bachelor of Architecture” is a professional degree in architecture, qualifying the graduate to move through the various stages of professional accreditation (internship, exams) that res ...

* MASt - Master of Advanced Study * MBA -

Master of Business Administration A Master of Business Administration (MBA; also Master's in Business Administration) is a postgraduate degree focused on business administration. The core courses in an MBA program cover various areas of business administration such as accoun ...

* MBL - Master of Business and Law * MComp - Master of Composition * MCD -

Master of Civic Design A Master of Civic Design (MCD) is a postgraduate academic master degree in Town and Regional Planning awarded by the University of Liverpool, England. The degree level is equivalent to a Master of Arts or Master of Science postgraduate degree in al ...

* MCh - Master of Surgery * MCL - Master of Corporate Law * MClinDent - Master of Clinical Dentistry * MDes - Master of Design * MEd - Master of

Education Education is a purposeful activity directed at achieving certain aims, such as transmitting knowledge or fostering skills and character traits. These aims may include the development of understanding, rationality, kindness, and honesty ...

* MEng - Master of Engineering ** MEng(Eur) - Master of Engineering (European) * MEP - Master of Educational Practice * MFA - Master of Fine Art * HMHW - Higher Master in Health and Wellbeing * MJur - Master of Jurisprudence (

Law Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been vario ...

) (''Magister Juris'' at Oxford) * MLib - Master of

* MLit - Master of Literature * MLitt - Master of Letters * MMin - Master of Ministry * MMus - Master of Music * MPA - Master of Public Administration * MPerf -

Master of Performance Master of Performance (often abbreviated to MPerf) is a postgraduate degree awarded by some conservatoires in the United Kingdom. Often offered alongside the more common Master of Music degree, the MPerf develops one's musical skills to a high p ...

* MPH - Master of Public Health * MPhil -

Master of Philosophy The Master of Philosophy (MPhil; Latin ' or ') is a postgraduate degree. In the United States, an MPhil typically includes a taught portion and a significant research portion, during which a thesis project is conducted under supervision. An MPhil ...

(under the Framework, the MPhil is "normally reserved" for longer master's courses with a significant research element, or for PhD candidates who do not reach sufficient level for the award of a doctorate * MPP - Master of Public Policy * MProf -

Master of Professional Studies Master or masters may refer to: Ranks or titles * Ascended master, a term used in the Theosophical religious tradition to refer to spiritually enlightened beings who in past incarnations were ordinary humans * Grandmaster (chess), National Maste ...

or Master of Professional Practice * MRes - Master in Research ** MbyRes - Master by Research * MSc -

Master of Science A Master of Science ( la, Magisterii Scientiae; abbreviated MS, M.S., MSc, M.Sc., SM, S.M., ScM or Sc.M.) is a master's degree in the field of science awarded by universities in many countries or a person holding such a degree. In contrast t ...

** MSc(Eur) - Master of Science (European) ** MScEcon - Master of Economic and Social Studies ** MScD - Master of Science in Dental Science ** MScHW - Master of Science in Health and Wellbeing * MSt -

* MSW - Master of Social Work * MTeach - Master of Teaching * MTL - Master of Teaching and Learning * MTh - Master of

Theology Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing the ...

* MTheol - Master of

* MUniv - Master of the

University A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States ...

(the MUniv is only ever an honorary degree) * MusM - Master of

Music Music is generally defined as the art of arranging sound to create some combination of form, harmony, melody, rhythm or otherwise expressive content. Exact definitions of music vary considerably around the world, though it is an aspe ...

Doctoral degrees

doctoral degrees A doctorate (from Latin ''docere'', "to teach"), doctor's degree (from Latin ''doctor'', "teacher"), or doctoral degree is an academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism ''l ...

are at level 8 of the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications and are third cycle qualifications under the Bologna Process. All doctoral degrees include "original research or other advanced scholarship" demonstrating "the creation and interpretation of new knowledge". Due to the flexibility of Latin word order, there are two schools in the abbreviation of doctor's degrees. The two ancient universities of England split on this: at Cambridge, D follows the faculty (e.g. PhD, LittD.), while at Oxford the D precedes the faculty (e.g. DPhil, DLitt). Most universities in the UK followed Oxford for the higher doctorates but followed international precedent in using PhD for Doctor of Philosophy and professional doctorates. The Framework for Higher Education Qualifications lays down the naming convention that Doctor of Philosophy is reserved for doctorates awarded on the basis of examination by thesis or publication, or by artefact, composition or performance accompanied by written academic commentary. Other doctorates (typically styled professional or specialist doctorates) that have substantial taught elements normally include the field in the name of the degree. Higher doctorates are normally awarded as honorary degrees (''honoris causa''), but can also be awarded on the basis of a substantial body of published work. DUniv is only ever an honorary degree. Some degrees awarded as higher doctorates by one institution may be awarded as professional doctorates by another (e.g. EngD).

Professional / specialist doctorates

* AdminD - Doctor of Administration * AMusD - Doctor of Musical Arts * ClinPsyD -

Doctor of Clinical Psychology The degree of Doctor of Clinical Psychology (DClinPsy/DClinPsych/ClinPsyD) is a professional doctorate in clinical psychology, awarded mainly in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The degree has both clinical and research components, and qualifies th ...

* DAHP - Doctor of Advanced Healthcare Practice * DAP - Doctor of Academic Practice * DAppEdPsy - Doctor of Applied Educational Psychology * DBA -

Doctor of Business Administration The Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) is either a professional doctorate or a research doctorate, depending on the granting university, awarded on the basis of advanced study, examinations, project work, and research in business administrat ...

* DBAEngTech - Doctor of Business Administration Engineering Technology * DBL - Doctor of Business Leadership * DBS - Doctor of Biomedical Science * DClinPrac - Doctor of Clinical Practice * DClinPsy -

* DClinPsych -

or Doctor of Clinical and Community Psychology * DCouns - Doctor of Counselling * DDP - Doctor of Design Practice * DDS - Doctor of Dental Surgery * DEd -

Doctor of Education The Doctor of Education (Ed.D. or D.Ed.; Latin ''Educationis Doctor'' or ''Doctor Educationis'') is (depending on region and university) a research or professional doctoral degree that focuses on the field of education. It prepares the holder for a ...

* DEdChPsy - Doctor of Educational and Child

* DEdPsy - Doctor of Educational Psychology * DEng -

Doctor of Engineering The Doctor of Engineering, or Engineering Doctorate, (abbreviated DEng, EngD, or Dr-Ing) is a degree awarded on the basis of advanced study and a practical project in the engineering and applied science for solving problems in the industry. In th ...

(awarded as a higher doctorate by some universities) * DFin - Doctor of Finance * DFT - Doctor of Family Therapy * DForenPsy - Doctor of Forensic Psychology * DHealthPsy - Doctor of Health Psychology * DHC - Doctor of Health Care * DHS - Doctor of Health Studies * DHSc -

Doctor of Health Science The Doctor of Health Science (DHSc or DHS) is a post-professional academic doctoral degree for those who intend to pursue or advance a professional practice career in Health Sciences and Health Care Delivery Systems, which can include clinical prac ...

* DHum - Doctor of Humanities * DHy - Doctor of Hygiene * DLang - Doctor of Languages * DM -

Doctor of Medicine Doctor of Medicine (abbreviated M.D., from the Latin ''Medicinae Doctor'') is a medical degree, the meaning of which varies between different jurisdictions. In the United States, and some other countries, the M.D. denotes a professional degree. T ...

(awarded by thesis at some universities; awarded as a higher doctorate at some universities) * DMA - Doctor of Musical Arts * DMan - Doctor of Management * DMet - Doctor of Metallurgy * DMin - Doctor of Ministry * DMus -

Doctor of Music The Doctor of Music degree (D.Mus., D.M., Mus.D. or occasionally Mus.Doc.) is a higher doctorate awarded on the basis of a substantial portfolio of compositions and/or scholarly publications on music. Like other higher doctorates, it is granted b ...

(awarded as a higher doctorate at some universities) * DMW - Doctor of Midwifery * DNurs - Doctor of Nursing * DNursSc - Doctor of

Nursing Science Nursing is a profession within the health care sector focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life. Nurses may be differentiated from other health c ...

* DOccTher - Doctor of Occupational Therapy * DOT - Doctor of Occupational Therapy * DPA - Doctor of Public Administration * DPH - Doctor of Public Health * DProf -

Doctor of Professional Studies The Doctor of Professional Studies (or sometimes awarded as Doctorate in Professional Practice) (most commonly DProf, but also available as DProfSt, ProfD and DPS) is a doctoral degree for experienced professionals who wish to undertake a program ...

* DProfCounsPsy - Professional Doctorate in Counseling Psychology * DProfHW - Professional Doctorate in Health and Wellbeing * DPS - Doctor of Professional Studies * DPT - Doctor of Physiotherapy ** DPhysio - Doctor of Physiotherapy * DPT - Doctor of Physical Therapy * DPT -

Doctor of Practical Theology The Doctor of Practical Theology (DPT, DPTh) is a professional doctorate developed for those seeking to apply theological principles to their professional practice. It should not be confused with a Doctor of Philosophy in Practical Theology such ...

or Practical Theology Doctorate * DSocCare - Doctor of Social Care * DSportExPsy - Doctor of Sport and Exercise Psychology * DSportExSci - Doctor of Applied Sport and Exercise Science * DSW -

Doctor of Social Work The Doctor of Social Work (DSW) is a professional doctorate in social work, it is the highest academic award available in the field of social work, and most offer advanced training in a professional area of practice including but not limited to; ...

* DTh -

* DThM - Doctor of Theology and Ministry * DTour - Doctor of Tourism * EdChPsychD - Doctor of Educational and Child

* EdD -

* EDD - Professional Doctorate in Education * EdPsychD - Doctor of Educational Psychology * EngD -

or Engineering Doctorate * EntD - Doctor of Enterprise * HScD -

* JD - Juris Doctor * MD -

(awarded by thesis at some universities; awarded as a higher doctorate at some universities) * MusD -

(awarded as a higher doctorate at some universities) * PsychD - Doctor of Psychology * SocSciD - Doctor of Social Sciences * SocScD - Doctor of Social Science * SPPD - Doctor of Social and Public Policy * ThD - Doctor of Theology

Doctorates by thesis or composition

* DDS - Doctor of Dental Surgery * DNursSci -Doctor in Nursing Science * DPhil -

Doctor of Philosophy A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: or ') is the most common degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Because it is ...

* MD -

** MD(Res) - Doctor of Medicine (Research) * PhD -

Higher and honorary degrees

* DCh - Doctor of Surgery * DCL - Doctor of Civil Law * DD - Doctor of Divinity * DDS – Doctor of Dental Surgery * DDSc - Doctor of Dental Science * DEd – Doctor of Education * DHL - Doctor of Humane Letters * DLitt -

Doctor of Letters Doctor of Letters (D.Litt., Litt.D., Latin: ' or ') is a terminal degree in the humanities that, depending on the country, is a higher doctorate after the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree or equivalent to a higher doctorate, such as the Docto ...

* DLit - Doctor of

Literature Literature is any collection of written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially prose fiction, drama, and poetry. In recent centuries, the definition has expanded to include ...

** DLit(Ed) - Doctor of Literature (Education) * DM -

* DMus -

** Hon DMus - Honorary Doctor of Music * Dr.h.c. or Dr.(h.c.) - Doctor ''honoris causa'' * DSc -

Doctor of Science Doctor of Science ( la, links=no, Scientiae Doctor), usually abbreviated Sc.D., D.Sc., S.D., or D.S., is an academic research degree awarded in a number of countries throughout the world. In some countries, "Doctor of Science" is the degree used f ...

** DSc(Econ) - Doctor of Science (Economics) ** DSc(Eng) - Doctor of Science (Engineering) ** DSc(Med) - Doctor of Science (Medicine) ** DSc (Social Science) – Doctor of Science in Social Science * DScEcon - Doctor of Economic and Social Studies * DTech - Doctor of Technology * DUniv -

Doctor of the University An honorary degree is an academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding institution) has waived all of the usual requirements. It is also known by the Latin phrases ''honoris causa'' ("for the sake of the honour") or ''ad hono ...

* DVM&S - Doctor of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery * EngD -

* LittD -

* LLD -

Doctor of Laws A Doctor of Law is a degree in law. The application of the term varies from country to country and includes degrees such as the Doctor of Juridical Science (J.S.D. or S.J.D), Juris Doctor (J.D.), Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), and Legum Doctor ...

* ScD -

* MA(h.c.) - Honorary Master of Arts (Oxford, Dublin and Cambridge)

References

{{Portal bar, Education Academic degrees of the United Kingdom

Degree Degree may refer to: As a unit of measurement * Degree (angle), a unit of angle measurement ** Degree of geographical latitude ** Degree of geographical longitude * Degree symbol (°), a notation used in science, engineering, and mathematics ...