The British Deaf Association (BDA) is a deaf-led British charity that campaigns and advocates for
deaf
Deafness has varying definitions in cultural and medical contexts. In medical contexts, the meaning of deafness is hearing loss that precludes a person from understanding spoken language, an audiological condition. In this context it is written ...
people who use
British Sign Language
British Sign Language (BSL) is a sign language used in the United Kingdom (UK), and is the first or preferred language among the Deaf community in the UK. Based on the percentage of people who reported 'using British Sign Language at home' on ...
.
History
It was preceded by the National Association for the Deaf and Dumb (NADD), which had been founded by deaf people in 1886. The creation of the NADD had been in response to the perceived threats to the language and education rights of deaf people which had arisen after the
Milan Conference of 1880. This international congress, where the majority of those attending were people who taught hearing to deaf children, had passed a resolution banning the use of
sign language
Sign languages (also known as signed languages) are languages that use the visual-manual modality to convey meaning, instead of spoken words. Sign languages are expressed through manual articulation in combination with non-manual markers. Sign l ...
s throughout the world. The participants of the conference had then returned to their home countries, determined to eradicate both the employment of deaf teachers and the use of sign language in schools. They also sought to reduce class sizes to those that were manageable by hearing teachers.
A
Royal Commission on the education of deaf children was launched in 1889 but it failed to consult deaf people and supported the establishment of the
Pure Oral System and so the banning of sign language; in response the magazine ''Deaf Mute'' encouraged deaf people to unite in defence of their own interests.
In 1889, the NADD ceased to exist and so four deaf men, including
Francis Maginn
Francis Maginn (1861–1918) was a Church of Ireland missionary who worked to improve living standards for the deaf community by promoting sign language and was one of the co-founders of the British Deaf Association.
Early life and education
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and George Healey, arranged a meeting in January 1890 at
St. Saviour's Church for the Deaf,
Oxford Street
Oxford Street is a major road in the City of Westminster in the West End of London, running from Tottenham Court Road to Marble Arch via Oxford Circus. It is Europe's busiest shopping street, with around half a million daily visitors, and ...
, London, that they called the "National Conference of Adult Deaf and Dumb Missions and Associations". The conference considered the forming of a national society to "elevate the education and social status of the Deaf and Dumb in the United Kingdom" and resulted in the formation of the British Deaf and Dumb Association (BDDA) in Leeds on 24 July 1890. The BDDA deleted the world "Dumb" from its title in 1971.
It wasn't until the 1970s that schools began to look again at accepting sign language.
The advent of sign language and its acceptance by the general public resulted in deaf leaders slowly coming back to the forefront starting with
Jock Young as the first deaf chair in 1983 and, in the mid-1990s, its first deaf chief executive,
Jeff McWhinney.
In the 1990s the BDA became a deaf-led organisation and the campaigning for the recognition of sign language is to date the main focus of their work. The current Chair is Linda Richards.
Previous Chairs include the late Terry Riley, editor of the
BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC
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