Braulio Evaristo Carrillo Colina (March 20, 1800,
Cartago, Costa Rica
Cartago () is the head city of Cartago canton of the Cartago Province, and is composed of the Oriental and Occidental districts as stated in the administrative divisions of Costa Rica. It was the capital of Costa Rica from 1574 to 1824.
History ...
– May 15, 1845) was the
Head of State
A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and l ...
of
Costa Rica
Costa Rica (, ; ; literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( es, República de Costa Rica), is a country in the Central American region of North America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the no ...
(the title as it was known before the reform of 1848) during two periods: the first between 1835 and 1837, and the de facto between 1838 and 1842.
Before becoming head of state, Carrillo held a number of public positions, including Judge and Chairman of the
Supreme Court of Costa Rica
The Supreme Court of Costa Rica (Spanish: ''Corte Suprema de Justicia de Costa Rica'') is the court of greater hierarchy of Law and Justice in Costa Rica.
Established on 25 January 1825, the current President of the Supreme Court of Justice is ...
, member of the
Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica
The Legislative Assembly ( es, Asamblea Legislativa) forms the unicameralism, unicameral legislature, legislative branch of the Costa Rican government. The national congress building is located in the capital city, San José, Costa Rica, San Jos ...
and member of the Congress of the
Federal Republic of Central America
The Federal Republic of Central America ( es, República Federal de Centroamérica), originally named the United Provinces of Central America ( es, Provincias Unidas del Centro de América), and sometimes simply called Central America, in it ...
.
Biography
Braulio Carrillo studied law at the
University of León
The University of León is a Spanish public university with campus in León and Ponferrada.
The university is found in 1843, when it was created the Normal School for Teachers or Masters Seminar of Public Instruction and the subaltern school of V ...
in
Nicaragua
Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the cou ...
. At the early age of 28 years was elected to the legislature for a period of two years, and for a brief period held the position of president of the legislature. In 1834, he was sent as a representative of Costa Rica to the
Central American Congress, in
El Salvador
El Salvador (; , meaning " The Saviour"), officially the Republic of El Salvador ( es, República de El Salvador), is a country in Central America. It is bordered on the northeast by Honduras, on the northwest by Guatemala, and on the south b ...
.
Upon the resignation of Costa Rica's
head of state
A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and l ...
José Rafael Gallegos
José Rafael de Gallegos y Alvarado (31 October 1784, Cesantes, Spain – 14 August 1850) was president of Costa Rica's ''Junta Superior Gubernativa'' from October 1822 to January 1823 and head of state of Costa Rica from March 1833 until March ...
in 1835, Carrillo was elected to complete the term of Gallegos. Because of their strong character and that the assembly repealed in August of that year the
Ambulance Act, the cities of
Cartago,
Heredia and
Alajuela
Alajuela () is a district in the Alajuela canton of the Alajuela Province of Costa Rica. As the seat of the Municipality of Alajuela canton, it is awarded the status of city. By virtue of being the city of the first canton of the province, it i ...
took up arms against the government in mid-September, but were defeated after a civil war lasted a
fortnight
A fortnight is a unit of time equal to 14 days (two weeks). The word derives from the Old English term , meaning "" (or "fourteen days," since the Anglo-Saxons counted by nights).
Astronomy and tides
In astronomy, a ''lunar fortnight'' is h ...
.
Carrillo was a candidate for reelection in 1837, but was defeated by
Manuel Aguilar, who was overthrown in 1838 by a
cuartelazo. Carrillo again became the Head of State, with absolute powers. He convened a constituent assembly, which, in November, declared that the state was separated from the Federal Republic of Central America, and thus Costa Rica became a sovereign country. The constituent session was suspended in December 1838.
In 1841 Carrillo issued the
Guarantee Law, which made him head of state for life. There were a number of changes in the social life of Costa Rica, and Carrillo became known as the "Architect of the Costa Rican National State". He worked to prohibit vagrancy, vice and crime. He greatly boost the development of Costa Rica and introduced order in the Civil Service. His efforts to open a path to communicate with the Central Valley
Matina on the Caribbean coast, could not be satisfactorily completed, as the government of
Francisco Morazán
José Francisco Morazán Quesada (; born October 3, 1792 – September 15, 1842) was a Central American politician who served as president of the Federal Republic of Central America from 1830 to 1839. Before he was president of Central America h ...
stopped work when they were well advanced. Due to this effort, the
National Park
A national park is a nature park, natural park in use for conservation (ethic), conservation purposes, created and protected by national governments. Often it is a reserve of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that a sovereign state dec ...
located between the provinces of
Limón
Limón (), commonly known as Puerto Limón, is a district, the capital city and main hub of Limón province, as well as of the Limón canton in Costa Rica. It is the seventh largest city in Costa Rica, with a population of over 55,000, and is ho ...
and
San José and a highway between San José and
Guápiles carries his name today.
Braulio Carrillo National Park is also named after him.
In 1842 Francisco Morazán, former Federal President Central America, invaded Costa Rica and seized power. Carrillo went into exile and settled in
El Salvador
El Salvador (; , meaning " The Saviour"), officially the Republic of El Salvador ( es, República de El Salvador), is a country in Central America. It is bordered on the northeast by Honduras, on the northwest by Guatemala, and on the south b ...
, where he was killed in 1845.
Achievements of Carrillo's governments
* Abolished Ambulance Act and established the capital in
San Juan del Murciélago, now
Tibás
Tibás is the thirteenth canton in the province of San José in Costa Rica. The head city of the canton is San Juan.
History
Tibás was created on 26 June 1914 by decree 31. It was formerly known as San Juan del Murciélago and was meant to be ...
.
* Reduced the number of public holidays in 1836.
* Enacted the
General Code of the State of Costa Rica in 1841.
* Developed a plan to boost agriculture.
*
Costa Rica
Costa Rica (, ; ; literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( es, República de Costa Rica), is a country in the Central American region of North America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the no ...
left the
Central American Federation
The Federal Republic of Central America ( es, República Federal de Centroamérica), originally named the United Provinces of Central America ( es, Provincias Unidas del Centro de América), and sometimes simply called Central America, in it ...
and assumed full sovereignty.
* He organized new Courts of Justice.
References
*
External links
*
Braulio Carrillo Colina
{{DEFAULTSORT:Carrillo Colina, Braulio
1800 births
1845 deaths
People from Cartago Province
Costa Rican people of Spanish descent
Presidents of Costa Rica
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica
19th-century Costa Rican judges
People murdered in El Salvador
Costa Rican liberals
1845 murders in Central America