Brassolini is a
tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...
usually placed in the
brush-footed butterfly
The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, they are usually medium-sized to large butterflies. Most species have a red ...
subfamily Morphinae
The Morphinae are a subfamily of Nymphalidae butterflies that includes the morphos, the owl butterflies (''Caligo''), and related lineages. It is either considered a sister group of the Satyrinae, or disassembled and included therein.
Systemati ...
, which is often included in the
Satyrinae as a tribe Morphini. If this is accepted, the Brassolini become the
sister tribe of the Morphini among the Satyrinae. Formerly, they were treated as an independent family Brassolidae or subfamily Brassolinae. Many members of this tribe are called owl butterflies.
[Wahlberg & Brower (2008)]
The Brassolini is a Neotropical butterfly group that currently includes 102 species
and contain 17
genera in two or three
subtribes, depending whether the enigmatic genus ''
Bia'' is assigned here as the most
basal lineage. The other genera are divided into one small and more ancestral subtribe, and a more advanced one that unites the bulk of the genera.
The Brassolini butterflies with characters form adult stage show a more stronger phylogeny than those with of early stages.
Genera
Genera are listed in the presumed
phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...
sequence.
Subtribe Biina (tentatively placed here)
* ''
Bia''
Subtribe Naropina
* ''
Aponarope''
* ''
Narope
''Narope'' is a genus of Neotropical butterflies in family Nymphalidae
The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, t ...
''
Subtribe Brassolina
* ''
Brassolis''
* ''
Dynastor''
* ''
Dasyophthalma
''Dasyophthalma'' is a genus of medium-sized brownish butterflies in the family Nymphalidae
The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfam ...
''
* ''
Opoptera'' (= ''Mimoblepia'')
* ''
Caligo'' – giant owl butterflies
* ''
Caligopsis
''Caligopsis'' is a genus of owl butterfly in the family Nymphalidae
The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, th ...
''
* ''
Eryphanis
''Eryphanis'' is a genus of owl butterflies in the family Nymphalidae
The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, t ...
''
* ''
Selenophanes
''Selenophanes'' is a genus of Neotropical
The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South Am ...
''
* ''
Penetes
''Penetes'' is a monotypic butterfly genus in the family Nymphalidae. Its single species ''Penetes pamphanis'' is a large butterfly native to south-eastern Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portu ...
''
* ''
Catoblepia
''Catoblepia'' is a genus of Neotropical butterflies in the family Nymphalidae. Larvae feed on bananas and adults feed on rotting fruit.
Species
Listed alphabetically within groups:[Mielkella
''Mielkella'' is a Neotropical butterfly genus in the family Nymphalidae. The genus is monotypic containing the single species ''Mielkella singularis'' from Guatemala and Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican Sta ...]
''
* ''
Orobrassolis''
* ''
Blepolenis''
* ''
Opsiphanes
''Opsiphanes'' is a genus of butterflies of the family Nymphalidae found from Mexico to South America.
* '' Opsiphanes camena'' Staudinger, 886/small>
* '' Opsiphanes cassiae'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''Opsiphanes cassina'' C. & R. Felder, 1862 – s ...
''
References
* (2007) Evaluating the monophyly and phylogenetic relationships of Brassolini genera (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Systematic Entomology, 32: 668-689.
* (2008):
Tree of Life Web Project
The Tree of Life Web Project is an Internet project providing information about the diversity and phylogeny of life on Earth.
This collaborative peer reviewed project began in 1995, and is written by biologists from around the world. The site ...
&ndash
Brassolini Version of 2008-JAN-30. Retrieved 2009-APR-07.
* Brassolini Virtual Collection. , Web-based resource: http://fs.uno.edu/cpenz/Brassolini.html Retrieved 2012-MAR-13.
* Research on Brassolini. , Web-based resource: http://fs.uno.edu/cpenz/rese-brassolini.html Retrieved 2012-MAR-13.
*
Taxa named by Jean Baptiste Boisduval
Butterfly tribes
{{Morphinae-stub