Branchial may refer to:
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Branchial apparatus
The pharyngeal apparatus is an embryological structure.
It consists of:
* pharyngeal grooves (from ectoderm)
* pharyngeal arch
The pharyngeal arches, also known as visceral arches'','' are structures seen in the embryonic development of vert ...
, an embryological structure.
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Branchial arch
Branchial arches, or gill arches, are a series of bony "loops" present in fish, which support the gills. As gills are the primitive condition of vertebrates, all vertebrate embryos develop pharyngeal arches, though the eventual fate of these arc ...
a series of bony "loops" present in fish, which support the gills.
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Branchial artery
The aortic arches or pharyngeal arch arteries (previously referred to as branchial arches in human embryos) are a series of six paired embryological vascular structures which give rise to the great arteries of the neck and head. They are ventral ...
, also known as aortic arches.
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Branchial cleft
A pharyngeal groove (or branchial groove, or pharyngeal cleft) is made up of ectoderm unlike its counterpart the pharyngeal pouch on the endodermal side.
The first pharyngeal groove produces the external auditory meatus (ear canal). The rest (2, ...
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Branchial cleft cyst, failure of obliteration of the second branchial cleft in embryonic development.
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Branchial efferent Special visceral efferent fibers (SVE) are the efferent nerve fibers that provide motor innervation to the muscles of the pharyngeal arches in humans, and the branchial arches in fish.
Some sources prefer the term "branchiomotor" or "branchial eff ...
, also known as special visceral efferent.
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Branchial heart
Branchial hearts are accessory pumps that supplement the action of the systemic heart in a cephalopod's body. They are myogenic in nature. Branchial hearts are always in pairs located at the base of the gills. Each branchial heart consists of a ...
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Branchial membrane
In the anatomy of humans and various other tetrapods, the eardrum, also called the tympanic membrane or myringa, is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear. Its function is to transmit sound from the air ...
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Branchial plexus
The brachial plexus is a network () of nerves formed by the anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve ( C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1). This plexus extends from the spinal cord, through the cervicoaxillary canal in th ...
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Branchial pouches
In the embryonic development of vertebrates, pharyngeal pouches form on the endodermal side between the pharyngeal arches. The pharyngeal grooves (or clefts) form the lateral ectodermal surface of the neck region to separate the arches.
The pou ...
, also known as pharyngeal pouches.
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First and second branchial arch syndrome
Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a congenital disorder that affects the development of the lower half of the face, most commonly the ears, the mouth and the mandible. It usually occurs on one side of the face, but both sides are sometimes affected. ...
, also known as hemifacial microsomia.
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Ultimo-branchial bodies, also known as ultimopharyngeal body.
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