''Brachauchenius'' (meaning 'short neck') is an

extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of pliosaurid that lived in North America (United States) and Morocco during the

Late Cretaceous The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''creta'', the ...

History

The type species, ''Brachauchenius lucasi'', lived in the Western Inland Sea of North America around 100.5-89.3 million years ago, from the Cenomonian to the

Turonian The Turonian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the second age in the Late Cretaceous Epoch, or a stage in the Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 93.9 ± 0.8 Ma and 89.8 ± 1 Ma (million years ago). The Turonian is preceded by t ...

of the

Cretaceous The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of th ...

. An older specimen from the

Barremian The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 129.4 ± 1.5 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma). It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous Epoch (or Lower Cretaceous Series). It is preceded ...

Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...

was considered as part of this genus, representing the first re-occurrence of the non-rhomaleosaurid pliosaurs after a Berriasian-Hauterivian hiatus.Hampe O. 2005. Considerations on a ''Brachauchenius'' skeleton (Pliosauroidea) from the lower Paja Formation (late Barremian) of Villa de Leyva area (Colombia). ''Fossil Record - Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin'' 8 (1): 37-51. However, subsequent analysis of this Colombian specimen shows that it was enough distinctive to warrant a new genus and species, named as '' Stenorhynchosaurus munozi''. The first known (

type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * Ty ...

) specimen (USNM 4989) was collected by

Charles Hazelius Sternberg Charles Hazelius Sternberg (June 15, 1850 – July 20, 1943) was an American fossil collector and paleontologist. He was active in both fields from 1876 to 1928, and collected fossils for Edward Drinker Cope and Othniel C. Marsh, and for the ...

from Ottawa County, Kansas in 1884.''Everhart MJ. 2005. Oceans of Kansas - A Natural History of the Western Interior Sea''. Indiana University Press, 320 pp. .Everhart MJ. 2007. Historical note on the 1884 discovery of ''Brachauchenius lucasi'' (Plesiosauria; Pliosauridae) in Ottawa County, Kansas. ''Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science'' 110 (3/4): 255-258. It had a skull length of up to . The species was named by Samuel W. Williston.Williston SW. 1907. The skull of ''Brachauchenius'', with special observations on the relationships of the plesiosaurs. ''United States National Museum Proceedings'' 32: 477-489. (pls. 34-37) The individual to which this specimen belongs would have measured long. ''Brachauchenius'' represents the last known occurrence of a pliosaur in North America. A larger specimen (FHSM VP-321 - skull length 170 cm) was collected by George Fryer Sternberg in 1952 from the Fairport Chalk of Russell County, Kansas, and later described by Carpenter.Carpenter K. 1996. A Review of short-necked plesiosaurs from the Cretaceous of the western interior, North America. ''Neues Jahbruch für Geol. Palaont. Abh. (Stuttgart)'' 201 (2): 259-287. Schumacher and Everhart (2005) reported on the age and locality of both Kansas specimens.Schumacher BA, Everhart MJ. 2005. A stratigraphic and taxonomic review of plesiosaurs from the old “Fort Benton Group” of central Kansas: A new assessment of old records. ''Paludicola'' 5 (2): 33-54. This specimen is now reassigned to its own genus and species, ''

Megacephalosaurus eulerti ''Megacephalosaurus'' (; "great-headed lizard") is an extinct genus of short-necked pliosaur that inhabited the Western Interior Seaway of North America about 94 to 93 million years ago during the Turonian stage of the Late Cretaceous, containin ...

''. In 2013, Benson ''et al.'' referred a partial cranium from the

Chalk Group The Chalk Group (often just called the Chalk) is the lithostratigraphic unit (a certain number of rock strata) which contains the Upper Cretaceous limestone succession in southern and eastern England. The same or similar rock sequences occur acr ...

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...

(previously referred to ''

Polyptychodon ''Polyptychodon'' (meaning 'shaped fin tooth') is a genus of pliosaurid found in Middle-Late Cretaceous marine deposits in southern England, France and Argentina. It has been considered a ''nomen dubium'' in a 2016 review. History of discovery ...

'') to ''Brachauchenius'' indet.Benson RBJ, Evans M, Smith AS, Sassoon J, Moore-Faye S, Ketchum HF, Forrest R. 2013. A giant pliosaurid skull from the Late Jurassic of England. PLOS ONE 8(5):e65989 DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0065989. In 2015, a pliosaur mandible from

deposits near

Goulmima Goulmima () is a town in Morocco situated in the province of Errachidia, in the region of Drâa-Tafilalet. An agricultural oasis, it is fed by the Wadi Gheris from the central High Atlas mountains. Like other settlements in Tafilalet, it was bu ...

Morocco Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to ...

were referred to the species ''Brachauchenius lucasi''

Classification

The cladogram below follows a 2011 analysis by paleontologists Hilary F. Ketchum and Roger B. J. Benson, and reduced to genera only. Brachauchenius lucasi2DB

References

External links

Oceans of Kansas Paleontology
Late Cretaceous plesiosaurs of North America Fossil taxa described in 1903 Pliosaurids Turonian genus extinctions Taxa named by Samuel Wendell Williston Sauropterygian genera {{plesiosaur-stub

History

Classification

See also

References

External links