Božina M. Ivanović ( sr-cyrl, Божина М. Ивановић; 31 December 1931 – 10 October 2002) was a Montenegrin

anthropologist An anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology. Anthropology is the study of aspects of humans within past and present societies. Social anthropology, cultural anthropology and philosophical anthropology study the norms and ...

and

politician A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking an elected office in government. Politicians propose, support, reject and create laws that govern the land and by an extension of its people. Broadly speaking, a ...

. He served as General Secretary of the

Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts ( Montenegrin and Serbian: Црногорска академија наука и умјетности, ''Crnogorska akademija nauka i umjetnosti''; ЦАНУ, ''CANU'') is the most important scientific inst ...

and President of

Matica crnogorska Matica crnogorska ( cnr, Матица црногорска, ) is a Montenegrin cultural institution. It was founded in 1993 as a non-governmental organization which promotes Montenegrin national and cultural identity and the Montenegrin langua ...

. He was a professor at the Faculty of Science and Mathematics,

University of Montenegro The University of Montenegro ( cnr, Универзитет Црнe Горe / Univerzitet Crne Gore) is a national public university of Montenegro. Its central administration and majority of constitutive faculties are located in the country's cap ...

Early life and education

Božina Ivanović was born on 31 December 1931 in

Podgorica Podgorica (Cyrillic script, Cyrillic: Подгорица, ; Literal translation, lit. 'under the hill') is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Montenegro, largest city of Montenegro. The city was formerly known as Titograd ...

, where he graduated from elementary school, as well as lower and higher gymnasium. He graduated from the Higher Pedagogical School in

Cetinje Cetinje (, ) is a town in Montenegro. It is the former royal capital (''prijestonica'' / приjестоница) of Montenegro and is the location of several national institutions, including the official residence of the president of Montenegro ...

in 1952, studying in biology and chemistry. After that, Ivanović graduated in biology at the

Faculty of Philosophy A faculty is a division within a university or college comprising one subject area or a group of related subject areas, possibly also delimited by level (e.g. undergraduate). In American usage such divisions are generally referred to as colleges ...

Sarajevo Sarajevo ( ; cyrl, Сарајево, ; ''see Names of European cities in different languages (Q–T)#S, names in other languages'') is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its a ...

in 1958. He received his doctorate in biology from the Faculty of Science in Sarajevo in 1964 and his doctorate in philosophy (in

physical anthropology Biological anthropology, also known as physical anthropology, is a scientific discipline concerned with the biological and behavioral aspects of human beings, their extinct Hominini, hominin ancestors, and related non-human primates, particularly ...

) from

Charles University ) , image_name = Carolinum_Logo.svg , image_size = 200px , established = , type = Public, Ancient , budget = 8.9 billion CZK , rector = Milena Králíčková , faculty = 4,057 , administrative_staff = 4,026 , students = 51,438 , undergr ...

Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...

in 1974.

Political career

Ivanović joined the Communist Party of Montenegro in 1949. He steadily moved up the ladder in the Montenegrin branch of

League of Communists of Yugoslavia The League of Communists of Yugoslavia, mk, Сојуз на комунистите на Југославија, Sojuz na komunistite na Jugoslavija known until 1952 as the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, sl, Komunistična partija Jugoslavije mk ...

. Originally a teacher, Ivanović became Director of the Biological Institute in Titograd. From 1974 to 1982, he served as Education Secretary in

SR Montenegro The Socialist Republic of Montenegro ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Socijalistička Republika Crna Gora, Социјалистичка Република Црна Гора), commonly referred to as Socialist Montenegro or simply Montenegro, was ...

. He served as General Director of RTV Titograd. From 1988 to 1989, he was the President of Presidency of SR Montenegro. He was forced out of power in January 1989 in the wake of the Anti-bureaucratic revolution.

Later life and death

Following his fall from power, Ivanović became the first President of

in May 1993. He was a professor at the Faculty of Science and Mathematics at the

. Ivanović died on 10 October 2002 in Podgorica.

Selected works

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References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ivanović, Božina 1931 births 2002 deaths Montenegrin anthropologists Montenegrin communists Montenegrin educators League of Communists of Montenegro politicians Presidents of Montenegro 20th-century anthropologists