The Bourne-Fuller Company in Cleveland, Ohio, was one of three constituent companies that formed the
Republic Steel Corporation
Republic Steel is an American steel manufacturer that was once the country's third largest steel producer. It was founded as the Republic Iron and Steel Company in Youngstown, Ohio in 1899. After rising to prominence during the early 20th Centu ...
in 1930. The other companies were the Central Alloy Company and Republic Iron and Steel Company. The principal stockholder of Republic was
Cyrus Eaton
Cyrus Stephen Eaton Sr. (December 27, 1883 – May 9, 1979) was a Canadian-American investment banker, businessman and philanthropist, with a career that spanned seventy years.
For decades Eaton was one of the most powerful financiers in the ...
, a well-known financier who made a fortune, in part, through Republic Steel.
[The Western Reserve Historical Society Manuscript Collections Register: Republic Steel Corporation Records, 1895-2001, MS. NO.: 4949]
With the combination of these two companies with Republic Steel Corporation, Republic became the third largest steel company in the United States after
U.S. Steel Company and the
Bethlehem Steel Company.
At the time of its combination with Bourne-Fuller and Central Alloy, Republic was headquartered in
Youngstown
Youngstown is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio, and the largest city and county seat of Mahoning County. At the 2020 census, Youngstown had a city population of 60,068. It is a principal city of the Youngstown–Warren metropolitan area, which ...
, Ohio. In 1936 it moved its headquarters to
Cleveland
Cleveland ( ), officially the City of Cleveland, is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County. Located in the northeastern part of the state, it is situated along the southern shore of Lake Erie, across the U.S. ...
, Ohio.
History
Before it combined with Republic, Bourne-Fuller consisted of three entities: first was Bourne-Fuller Company, the sales agency or iron and steel jobber, which sold the output of its furnaces to its customers. The other two entities consisted of the Union Rolling Mill, a manufacturer of steel, and the Upson Nut Company, a manufacturer of nuts and bolts.
[“Big Steel Firms Merge Business,” The Cleveland Plain Dealer, Nov 29, 1911, Issue 333, p.1]
Bourne-Fuller acquired these two companies in 1920,
[ Quoted material from Directory to the Engineering Works and Industries of Cleveland, Ohio (Cleveland, 1893), pp. 39, 65-66; W. R. Wilbur, History of the Bolt and Nut Industry of America, (Cleveland, 1905), pp. 172-177.] although the three companies had already formed an alliance in 1911 to be “able to fight the United States Steel Corporation.” Bourne-Fuller Company wanted to purchase Upson Nut so that it would own a furnace.
These three companies were the largest independent steel companies in Ohio. The president of Bourne-Fuller Co., was B.F. Bourne, Horace A. Fuller was vice president (and president of Union Rolling Mill Co.).
Horace Fuller's father,
Samuel Augustus Fuller
Samuel Augustus Fuller Sr. (August 8, 1837 - October 23, 1891) was an American steel industry executive during the Gilded Age in the United States. A resident of Cleveland, Ohio, he founded the Union Iron Works and Condit-Fuller & Co., which later ...
, was founder and president of Condit Fuller & Co., which became Bourne-Fuller & Co., after Mr. Paul P. Condit's death in 1886.
In 1912-1913 Anton Burchard designed the six-story brick and reinforced concrete office building for Upson and the one-story brick and steel forge shop.
In 1920, when Bourne-Fuller Company purchased Upson Nut and Union Rolling Mill, it added seven four and five story buildings designed and built by H.K. Ferguson Company on line with the 1913 forge shop.
“The operations of the three companies include the entire process of steel manufacture extending from the making of pig iron to the manufacture of finished steel, structural, bars, plates, billets and finished products including nuts, bolts, rivets and the like.”
"The Union Rolling Mill was built in 1861 and 1862 to roll merchant bar iron." It was located a mile outside the center of Cleveland in the Newburgh township. Its excellent location, which covered seven acres of ground, was a part of the Newburgh township cemetery annexed by the City of Cleveland for the rapidly expanding steel industry in 1873. Union Rolling Mill and a railroad purchased the cemetery, moving more than 3,000 burials to a new place in 1881-1882.
“The mill employed 400 hands, covered seven acres of ground, and had a daily capacity of 120 tons of finished iron. . . With a capital of $500,000, the Mill’s annual capacity, with the remodeled Emma Furnace, was 55,000 net tons producing
Bessemer foundry and forge
pig iron
Pig iron, also known as crude iron, is an intermediate product of the iron industry in the production of steel which is obtained by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Pig iron has a high carbon content, typically 3.8–4.7%, along with silic ...
. Its “daily capacity is 120 tons of finished iron . . . The specialties are “‘Union Refined’ bar, and cold-straightened shafting.”
In 1930 Republic Steel shut down the Union Rolling Mill and transferred its production to its Youngstown plants. At that time the plant had an annual capacity of 350,000 tons of steel ingots in its five furnaces. It disbanded its loading docks and other maritime equipment on Lake Erie. The steel needed for Bourne-Fuller's finishing company, the Upson Nut Company was supplied by Republic's Youngstown plant.
In 1893 Cleveland's production of nuts and bolts surpassed all other American cities. Upson Nut Company (in 1864 it was called the Union Nut Company) was a foremost maker of cold and hot pressed and forged nuts, bolts and washers.
Finished steel was delivered from Republic's Youngstown plant to Upson's plant on 1970 Carter Road in Cleveland. Bourne-Fuller then became the nut and bolt division of Republic. Republic consolidated its operations by closing or revamping its smaller plants of which Bourne-Fuller was one, although with Upson's open hearths in downtown Cleveland and a capacity of 240,000 tons a year of ingot steel production, it gave Republic a bolt and nut manufacturing business. In 1984, Republic Steel was merged with
Jones Laughlin Steel Company to form LTV Steel and ultimately, the Upson Nut Plant was shut down.
Founders and executives
Samuel Augustus Fuller founded and was president of Condit Fuller Company which became known as Bourne-Fuller Company.
In 1881, Samuel A. Fuller began another venture known as Condit Fuller & Co., on Water Street. It was the sales office for iron and steel.
[Avery, 2012, p. 41] His son, Horace Arthur Fuller, entered the partnership in 1883. The company changed the name of Condit Fuller Company to the Bourne-Fuller Company soon after Paul P. Condit died in 1886. (The company name was changed in approximately 1892.) The sales firm was first located on Water Street in Cleveland and later the office was moved to River and Main Streets, also in Cleveland.
Bourne-Fuller Co. was represented by James Dempsey of Squires Samuel & Dempsey, a leading Cleveland law firm. Dempsey, who was a director of Bourne-Fuller, was married to the sister of Irwin Bourne of Bourne-Fuller.
Horace Fuller went on to become treasurer and president of Union Rolling Mill Co., in 1911, as well as president of Bourne-Fuller & Co. in 1912 and president of Upson Nut.
The Book of Clevelanders: a biographical dictionary of living men of the city of Cleveland. (Cleveland The Burrows Bros. Company, 1914)
/ref> Horace Fuller held these positions until he died in 1924 at the age of 60.
References
Sources
*
* {{citation, last=Orth, first=Samuel Peter, title=A History of Cleveland, Ohio: Biographical, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w5U6AQAAIAAJ, year=1910, publisher=S.J. Clarke Publishing Company
Steel companies of the United States
Manufacturing companies based in Cleveland