Bothriembryontidae is a

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

of air-breathing

land snail A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as ...

terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...

pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s in the superfamily

Orthalicoidea The Orthalicoidea are a superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the infraorder Orthalicoidei of the suborder HelicinaMolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Simpulopsidae Schileyko, 1999. Accessed through: Wo ...

Taxonomy

This family has been named Placostylidae and had no subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). Breure et al. (2010) moved '' Prestonella'' and '' Bothriembryon'' to Placostylidae. Breure & Romero (2012) confirmed previous results from 2010 and they renamed Placostylidae to Bothriembryontidae. * subfamily Bothriembryontinae Iredale, 1937 * subfamily Placostylinae Pilsbry, 1946 - for species from New Zealand and Melanesia Prestonellinae was formally described as a new subfamily within Bothriembryontidae in 2016. Bruggen A. C. van, Herbert D. G. & Breure A. S. H. (2016). "Prestonellinae – validation of the name as a new subfamily of Bothriembryontidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea)". ''

Zootaxa ''Zootaxa'' is a peer-reviewed scientific mega journal for animal taxonomists. It is published by Magnolia Press (Auckland, New Zealand). The journal was established by Zhi-Qiang Zhang in 2001 and new issues are published multiple times a week. ...

'' 4084: 590–592. Therefore three subfamilies are recognized in Bothriembryontidae: * subfamily Bothriembryontinae Iredale, 1937 * subfamily Placostylinae Pilsbry, 1946 * Prestonellinae van Bruggen, Herbert & Breure, 2016

Genera

Genera within the family Bothriembryontidae include: Bothriembryontinae * '' Bothriembryon'' - the type genus of the family Bothriembryontidae Placostylinae * '' Archaeostylus'' Brook & Hayward, 2022 * '' Aspastus'' Albers, 1850Breure A. S. H. & Ablett J. D. (2012) "Annotated type catalogue of the Bothriembryontidae and Odontostomidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea) in the Natural History Museum, London". ''

ZooKeys ''ZooKeys'' is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering zoological taxonomy, phylogeny, and biogeography. It was established in 2008 and the editor-in-chief is Terry Erwin (Smithsonian Institution). It is published by Pensoft Publ ...

'' 182: 1-70. . * '' Basileostylus'' F. Haas, 1935 * '' Callistocharis'' Pilsbry, 1900 * '' Diplomorpha'' Ancey, 1884 * '' Eumecostylus'' Martens in Albers, 1860 * '' Euplacostylus'' Crosse, 1875 * '' Leucocharis'' Pilsbry, 1900 * '' Placocharis'' Pilsbry, 1900 * ''

Placostylus ''Placostylus'', or flax snails, are a genus of very large, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Bothriembryontidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Placostylus H. Beck, 1837. Accessed thro ...

'' Beck, 1837 - the type genus of the (sub)family Placostylidae * '' Poecilocharis'' Kobelt, 1891 * '' Quiros'' Solem, 1959 * '' Santacharis'' Iredale, 1927 Prestonellinae * '' Discoleus'' Breure, 1978 * '' Plectostylus'' Beck, 1837 * '' Prestonella'' Connolly, 1929Breure A. S. H., Groenenberg D. S. J. & Schilthuizen M. (2010). "New insights in the phylogenetic relations within the Orthalicoidea (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) based on 28S sequence data". ''

Basteria ''Basteria'' is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Netherlands Malacological Society, covering research on molluscs. It was established in 1936 and is now published mostly in English. Since 2000, the editor-in-chief has b ...

'' 74(1-3): 25-31. - type genus of the subfamily Prestonellinae A

cladogram A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to d ...

based on nuclear

ITS2 Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) is the spacer DNA situated between the small-subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and large-subunit rRNA genes in the chromosome or the corresponding transcribed region in the polycistronic rRNA precursor transcript. I ...

28S rRNA Crazy Eights is a shedding-type card game for two to seven players and the best known American member of the Eights Group which also includes Pig and Spoons. The object of the game is to be the first player to discard all of their cards. The ga ...

and

histone 3 Histone H3 is one of the five main histones involved in the structure of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. Featuring a main globular domain and a long N-terminal tail, H3 is involved with the structure of the nucleosomes of the 'beads on a strin ...

(H3) and sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase I (COI) genes showing phylogenic relations of Bothriembryontidae by Breure & Romero (2012):

Distribution

Bothriembryontidae have

Gondwana Gondwana () was a large landmass, often referred to as a supercontinent, that formed during the late Neoproterozoic (about 550 million years ago) and began to break up during the Jurassic period (about 180 million years ago). The final stages ...

n distribution.

References

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q4948658

Taxonomy

Genera

Distribution

References

Further reading

External links