''Bothriembryon'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of tropical air-breathing

land snail A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as ...

terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...

pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s in the family Bothriembryontidae. B. J. Smith (1992) made the last review of the genus summarizing all known data.

Distribution

The land snail genus ''Bothriembryon'' is endemic to

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

but forms part of the

Gondwana Gondwana () was a large landmass, often referred to as a supercontinent, that formed during the late Neoproterozoic (about 550 million years ago) and began to break up during the Jurassic period (about 180 million years ago). The final stages ...

n element in the superfamily Orthalicoidea. ''Bothriembryon'' species are mostly patchy in their distribution.

Taxonomy

This genus was classified with the

Bulimulidae Bulimulidae is a taxonomic family of medium-sized to large, air-breathing, tropical and sub-tropical land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Orthalicoidea.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Bulimulidae Tr ...

by Pilsbry (1900), Breure (1979)Breure A.S. H. (1979) "Systematics, phylogeny and zoogeography of Bulimulinae (Mollusca)". ''

Zoologische Verhandelingen ''Zoologische Verhandelingen'' was a Dutch scientific journal covering research in zoology. It was published between 1948 and 2002 by the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie in Leiden Leiden (; in English and archaic Dutch also Leyden) is ...

'' Leiden 168: 1-215. and by B. J. Smith (1992).Smith B. J. (1992) "Non-marine Mollusca". In: Houston W. W. K. (Ed). Zoological Catalogue of Australia, 8. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, xii + 405 pp. It was classified in tribe Bulimulini, in subfamily Bulimulinae within the family

Orthalicidae Orthalicidae (orthalicid land snails) are a family of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks are classified in the subfamily Orthalicoidea of the order Stylommatophora. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase ...

according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005. Breure et al. (2010) moved ''Bothriembryon'' to Placostylidae.Breure A. S. H., Groenenberg D. S. J. & Schilthuizen M. (2010). "New insights in the phylogenetic relations within the Orthalicoidea (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) based on 28S sequence data". ''

Basteria ''Basteria'' is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Netherlands Malacological Society, covering research on molluscs. It was established in 1936 and is now published mostly in English. Since 2000, the editor-in-chief has b ...

'' 74(1-3): 25-31. Breure & Romero (2012) confirmed previous results from 2010 and they renamed Placostylidae to Bothriembryontidae.Breure A. S. H. & Romero P. (2012). "Support and surprises: molecular phylogeny of the land snail superfamily Orthalicoidea using a three-locus gene analysis with a divergence time analysis and ancestral area reconstruction (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)". '' Archiv für Molluskenkunde: International Journal of Malacology'' 141(1): 1-20. .

Species

Species within the genus ''Bothriembryon'' include: * ''

Bothriembryon angasianus ''Bothriembryon'' is a genus of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Bothriembryontidae. B. J. Smith (1992) made the last review of the genus summarizing all known data. Distribution The ...

'' (Pfeiffer, 1864) * ''

Bothriembryon balteolus ''Bothriembryon'' is a genus of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Bothriembryontidae. B. J. Smith (1992) made the last review of the genus summarizing all known data. Distribution The ...

'' Iredale, 1939 * ''

Bothriembryon barretti ''Bothriembryon'' is a genus of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Bothriembryontidae. B. J. Smith (1992) made the last review of the genus summarizing all known data. Distribution The ...

'' Iredale, 1930 * ''

Bothriembryon bradshaweri ''Bothriembryon bradshaweri'' is a species of tropical air-breathing land snail, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Bothriembryontidae. This species is endemic to Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of A ...

'' Iredale, 1939 * ''

Bothriembryon brazieri ''Bothriembryon brazieri'' is a species of tropical air-breathing land snail, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Bothriembryontidae. This species is endemic to Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Aust ...

'' (Angas, 1871) * ''

Bothriembryon bulla ''Bothriembryon'' is a genus of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Bothriembryontidae. B. J. Smith (1992) made the last review of the genus summarizing all known data. Distribution The ...

'' (Menke, 1843) * † ''

Bothriembryon consors ''Bothriembryon'' is a genus of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Bothriembryontidae. B. J. Smith (1992) made the last review of the genus summarizing all known data. Distribution The ...

'' Kendrick, 1978 * ''

Bothriembryon costulatus ''Bothriembryon'' is a genus of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Bothriembryontidae. B. J. Smith (1992) made the last review of the genus summarizing all known data. Distribution The ...

'' (Lamarck, 1822) * † ''

Bothriembryon douglasi ''Bothriembryon'' is a genus of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Bothriembryontidae. B. J. Smith (1992) made the last review of the genus summarizing all known data. Distribution The ...

'' Kendrick, 1978 * ''

Bothriembryon dux ''Bothriembryon'' is a genus of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Bothriembryontidae. B. J. Smith (1992) made the last review of the genus summarizing all known data. ...

'' (Pfeiffer, 1861) * ''

Bothriembryon esperantia ''Bothriembryon'' is a genus of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Bothriembryontidae. B. J. Smith (1992) made the last review of the genus summarizing all known data. Distribution The ...

'' Iredale, 1939 * '' Bothriembryon fuscus'' Thiele, 1930 * † ''

Bothriembryon gardneri ''Bothriembryon'' is a genus of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Bothriembryontidae. B. J. Smith (1992) made the last review of the genus summarizing all known data. ...

'' Kendrick, 1978 * '' Bothriembryon glauerti'' Iredale, 1939 * † '' Bothriembryon gunnii'' (Sowerby II in Strzelecki, 1845) * '' Bothriembryon indutus'' (Menke, 1843) * '' Bothriembryon irvineanus'' Iredale, 1939 * '' Bothriembryon jacksoni'' Iredale, 1939 * '' Bothriembryon kendricki'' Hill, Johnson & Merrifield, 1983 * ''

Bothriembryon kingii ''Bothriembryon'' is a genus of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Bothriembryontidae. B. J. Smith (1992) made the last review of the genus summarizing all known data. ...

'' (J. E. Gray, 1825) * † '' Bothriembryon kremnobates'' Kendrick, 2005 * '' Bothriembryon leeuwinensis'' (E. A. Smith, 1894) * '' Bothriembryon mastersi'' (Cox, 1867) * '' Bothriembryon melo'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) - synonym: ''Bothriembryon inflatus castaneus'' Pilsbry 1900 * '' Bothriembryon naturalistarum'' Kobelt, 1901 * '' Bothriembryon notatus'' Iredale, 1939 * ''

Bothriembryon onslowi ''Bothriembryon'' is a genus of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Bothriembryontidae. B. J. Smith (1992) made the last review of the genus summarizing all known data. Distribution The l ...

'' (Cox, 1864) * '' Bothriembryon perditus'' Iredale, 1939 * '' Bothriembryon perobesus'' Iredale, 1939 * '' Bothriembryon praecelcus'' Iredale, 1939 * † '' Bothriembryon praecursor'' McMichael, 1968 * ''

Bothriembryon revectus ''Bothriembryon'' is a genus of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Bothriembryontidae. B. J. Smith (1992) made the last review of the genus summarizing all known data. Distribution The ...

'' Iredale, 1939 * '' Bothriembryon rhodostomus'' (J. E. Gray, 1834) * '' Bothriembryon richeanus'' Iredale, 1939 * † '' Bothriembryon ridei'' Kendrick, 1978 * '' Bothriembryon sayi'' (Pfeiffer, 1847) * '' Bothriembryon sedgwicki'' Iredale, 1939 * '' Bothriembryon serpentinus'' Iredale, 1939 * '' Bothriembryon sophiarum'' Whisson & Breure, 2016 * '' Bothriembryon spenceri'' (Tate, 1894) * '' Bothriembryon tasmanicus'' (Pfeiffer, 1853) * ''

Bothriembryon whitleyi ''Bothriembryon whitleyi'' is a species of tropical air-breathing land snail, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Bothriembryontidae. This species is endemic to Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Aust ...

'' Iredale, 1939 * '' Bothriembryon gratwicki'' Cox, 1899 - the taxonomic status of this species status is unclear

References

This article incorporates CC-BY-3.0 text from the referenceBreure A. S. H. & Whisson C. S. (2012) "Annotated type catalogue of ''Bothriembryon'' (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea) in Australian museums, with a compilation of types in other museums". '' ZooKyes'' 194: 41-80. .

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q3079403 Bothriembryontidae Taxonomy articles created by Polbot