''Bothriembryon'' is a genus of tropical air-breathing

land snail A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as ...

s, terrestrial

pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusks in the family

Bothriembryontidae Bothriembryontidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Orthalicoidea. Taxonomy This family has been named Placostylidae and had no subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of th ...

. B. J. Smith (1992) made the last review of the genus summarizing all known data.

Distribution

The land snail genus ''Bothriembryon'' is endemic to

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

but forms part of the

Gondwana Gondwana () was a large landmass, often referred to as a supercontinent, that formed during the late Neoproterozoic (about 550 million years ago) and began to break up during the Jurassic period (about 180 million years ago). The final stages ...

n element in the superfamily Orthalicoidea. ''Bothriembryon'' species are mostly patchy in their distribution.

Taxonomy

This genus was classified with the

Bulimulidae Bulimulidae is a taxonomic family of medium-sized to large, air-breathing, tropical and sub-tropical land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Orthalicoidea.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Bulimulidae Tryon, ...

by Pilsbry (1900), Breure (1979)Breure A.S. H. (1979) "Systematics, phylogeny and zoogeography of Bulimulinae (Mollusca)". '' Zoologische Verhandelingen'' Leiden 168: 1-215. and by B. J. Smith (1992).Smith B. J. (1992) "Non-marine Mollusca". In: Houston W. W. K. (Ed). Zoological Catalogue of Australia, 8. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, xii + 405 pp. It was classified in tribe Bulimulini, in subfamily Bulimulinae within the family

Orthalicidae Orthalicidae (orthalicid land snails) are a family of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks are classified in the subfamily Orthalicoidea of the order Stylommatophora. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase ...

according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005. Breure et al. (2010) moved ''Bothriembryon'' to Placostylidae.Breure A. S. H., Groenenberg D. S. J. & Schilthuizen M. (2010). "New insights in the phylogenetic relations within the Orthalicoidea (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) based on 28S sequence data". '' Basteria'' 74(1-3): 25-31. Breure & Romero (2012) confirmed previous results from 2010 and they renamed Placostylidae to Bothriembryontidae.Breure A. S. H. & Romero P. (2012). "Support and surprises: molecular phylogeny of the land snail superfamily Orthalicoidea using a three-locus gene analysis with a divergence time analysis and ancestral area reconstruction (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)". '' Archiv für Molluskenkunde: International Journal of Malacology'' 141(1): 1-20. .

Species

Species within the genus ''Bothriembryon'' include: * '' Bothriembryon angasianus'' (Pfeiffer, 1864) * '' Bothriembryon balteolus'' Iredale, 1939 * '' Bothriembryon barretti'' Iredale, 1930 * '' Bothriembryon bradshaweri'' Iredale, 1939 * '' Bothriembryon brazieri'' (Angas, 1871) * '' Bothriembryon bulla'' (Menke, 1843) * † '' Bothriembryon consors'' Kendrick, 1978 * '' Bothriembryon costulatus'' (Lamarck, 1822) * † '' Bothriembryon douglasi'' Kendrick, 1978 * '' Bothriembryon dux'' (Pfeiffer, 1861) * '' Bothriembryon esperantia'' Iredale, 1939 * ''

Bothriembryon fuscus ''Bothriembryon'' is a genus of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Bothriembryontidae. B. J. Smith (1992) made the last review of the genus summarizing all known data. Distribution The l ...

'' Thiele, 1930 * † '' Bothriembryon gardneri'' Kendrick, 1978 * '' Bothriembryon glauerti'' Iredale, 1939 * † '' Bothriembryon gunnii'' (Sowerby II in Strzelecki, 1845) * ''

Bothriembryon indutus ''Bothriembryon'' is a genus of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Bothriembryontidae. B. J. Smith (1992) made the last review of the genus summarizing all known data. Distribution Th ...

'' (Menke, 1843) * '' Bothriembryon irvineanus'' Iredale, 1939 * '' Bothriembryon jacksoni'' Iredale, 1939 * '' Bothriembryon kendricki'' Hill, Johnson & Merrifield, 1983 * '' Bothriembryon kingii'' (J. E. Gray, 1825) * † '' Bothriembryon kremnobates'' Kendrick, 2005 * '' Bothriembryon leeuwinensis'' (E. A. Smith, 1894) * ''

Bothriembryon mastersi ''Bothriembryon'' is a genus of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Bothriembryontidae. B. J. Smith (1992) made the last review of the genus summarizing all known data. Distribution The l ...

'' (Cox, 1867) * ''

Bothriembryon melo ''Bothriembryon'' is a genus of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Bothriembryontidae. B. J. Smith (1992) made the last review of the genus summarizing all known data. Distribution Th ...

'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) - synonym: ''Bothriembryon inflatus castaneus'' Pilsbry 1900 * '' Bothriembryon naturalistarum'' Kobelt, 1901 * '' Bothriembryon notatus'' Iredale, 1939 * '' Bothriembryon onslowi'' (Cox, 1864) * '' Bothriembryon perditus'' Iredale, 1939 * '' Bothriembryon perobesus'' Iredale, 1939 * '' Bothriembryon praecelcus'' Iredale, 1939 * † '' Bothriembryon praecursor'' McMichael, 1968 * '' Bothriembryon revectus'' Iredale, 1939 * '' Bothriembryon rhodostomus'' (J. E. Gray, 1834) * '' Bothriembryon richeanus'' Iredale, 1939 * † '' Bothriembryon ridei'' Kendrick, 1978 * '' Bothriembryon sayi'' (Pfeiffer, 1847) * '' Bothriembryon sedgwicki'' Iredale, 1939 * '' Bothriembryon serpentinus'' Iredale, 1939 * '' Bothriembryon sophiarum'' Whisson & Breure, 2016 * ''

Bothriembryon spenceri ''Bothriembryon spenceri'' is a species of tropical air-breathing land snail, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Bothriembryontidae, and is endemic to Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, i ...

'' (Tate, 1894) * '' Bothriembryon tasmanicus'' (Pfeiffer, 1853) * '' Bothriembryon whitleyi'' Iredale, 1939 * '' Bothriembryon gratwicki'' Cox, 1899 - the taxonomic status of this species status is unclear

References

This article incorporates CC-BY-3.0 text from the referenceBreure A. S. H. & Whisson C. S. (2012) "Annotated type catalogue of ''Bothriembryon'' (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea) in Australian museums, with a compilation of types in other museums". '' ZooKyes'' 194: 41-80. .

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q3079403 Bothriembryontidae Taxonomy articles created by Polbot