![PT Jackson](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/PT_Jackson.jpg)
The Boston Associates were a loosely linked group of investors in 19th-century
New England
New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and by the Canadian provinces ...
. They included
Nathan Appleton
Nathan Appleton (October 6, 1779July 14, 1861) was an American merchant and politician and a member of " The Boston Associates".
Early life
Appleton was born in New Ipswich, New Hampshire, the son of Isaac Appleton (1731–1806) and his wife Ma ...
,
Patrick Tracy Jackson
Patrick Tracy Jackson (August 14, 1780 – September 12, 1847) was an American manufacturer, one of the founders of the Boston Manufacturing Company of Waltham, Massachusetts, and later a founder of the Merrimack Manufacturing Company, whose deve ...
,
Abbott Lawrence
Abbott Lawrence (December 16, 1792, Groton, Massachusetts – August 18, 1855) was a prominent American businessman, politician, and philanthropist. He was among the group of industrialists that founded a settlement on the Merrimack River that w ...
, and
Amos Lawrence
Amos Lawrence (April 22, 1786 – December 31, 1852) was an American merchant and philanthropist.
Biography
Amos Lawrence was born in Groton, Massachusetts. Lawrence attended elementary school in Groton and briefly attended the Groton Academy. ...
. Often related directly or through marriage, they were based in
Boston
Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- mo ...
, Massachusetts. The term "Boston Associates" was coined by historian Vera Shlakmen in 1935.
Investments
By 1845, 31 textile companies—located in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and southern Maine—produced one-fifth of all cotton and wool textiles in the United States. With the capital earned through these mills, they invested in railroads, especially the
Boston and Lowell
The Boston and Lowell Railroad was a railroad that operated in Massachusetts in the United States. It was one of the first railroads in North America and the first major one in the state. The line later operated as part of the Boston and Maine Ra ...
. These railroads helped transport the cotton from warehouses to factories. These Boston-based investors established banks—such as the
Suffolk Bank—and invested in others. In time, they controlled 40% of banking capital in Boston, 40% of all insurance capital in Massachusetts, and 30% of Massachusetts' railroads. Tens of thousands of New Englanders received employment from these investors, working in any one of the hundreds of their mills.
Mill locations established or improved by the Boston Associates:
[''The Run of the Mill'', Steve Dunwell, 1978]
*
Waltham, Massachusetts
Waltham ( ) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, and was an early center for the labor movement as well as a major contributor to the American Industrial Revolution. The original home of the Boston Manufacturing Company, th ...
(1813)
*
Lowell, Massachusetts
Lowell () is a city in Massachusetts, in the United States. Alongside Cambridge, It is one of two traditional seats of Middlesex County. With an estimated population of 115,554 in 2020, it was the fifth most populous city in Massachusetts as of ...
(1822)
*
Manchester, New Hampshire (1825)
*
Saco, Maine (1831)
*
Nashua, New Hampshire
Nashua is a city in southern New Hampshire, United States. At the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, it had a population of 91,322, the second-largest in northern New England after nearby Manchester, New Hampshire, Manchester. Along with Manc ...
(1836)
*
Dover, New Hampshire (1836)
*
Chicopee, Massachusetts (1838)
*
Lawrence, Massachusetts
Lawrence is a city located in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, on the Merrimack River. At the 2020 census, the city had a population of 89,143. Surrounding communities include Methuen to the north, Andover to the southwest, and Nort ...
(1845)
*
Holyoke, Massachusetts
Holyoke is a city in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States, that lies between the western bank of the Connecticut River and the Mount Tom Range. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 38,238. Located north of Springfield ...
(1847)
Philosophy
Despite being "shrewd, far-sighted entrepreneurs who were quick to embrace...new investment opportunities", the Boston Associates were also "committed to the ideals of the original
Protestant ethic and
Republican simplicity". Indeed, the members established more than 30 "benevolent societies and institutions" between 1810 and 1840. Their investment in the
Boston Manufacturing Company
The Boston Manufacturing Company was a business that operated one of the first factories in America. It was organized in 1813 by Francis Cabot Lowell, a wealthy Boston merchant, in partnership with a group of investors later known as The Boston A ...
's
Lowell Mills project, which
Henry Clay
Henry Clay Sr. (April 12, 1777June 29, 1852) was an American attorney and statesman who represented Kentucky in both the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives. He was the seventh House speaker as well as the ninth secretary of state, al ...
called a test for "whether the manufacturing system is compatible with social virtues", epitomized their worldview.
See also
*
Boston Brahmin
*
Boston Manufacturing Company
The Boston Manufacturing Company was a business that operated one of the first factories in America. It was organized in 1813 by Francis Cabot Lowell, a wealthy Boston merchant, in partnership with a group of investors later known as The Boston A ...
*
Francis Cabot Lowell (businessman)
*
Israel Thorndike
*
Paul Moody (inventor)
Paul Moody (May 23, 1779 – July 5, 1831) was a U.S. textile machinery inventor born in Byfield, Massachusetts (Town of Newbury). He is often credited with developing and perfecting the first power loom in America, which launched the first succe ...
Further reading
* Dalzell, Robert F. ''Enterprising elite: The Boston Associates and the world they made'' (Harvard University Press, 1987)
* Dalzell, Robert. "The Boston Associates and the Rise of the Waltham-Lowell System: A Study In Entrepreneurial Motivation." in Robert Weible, ed. ''The Continuing Revolution: A History of Lowell, Massachusetts'' (1991) pp: 39-75.
* Hartford, William F. ''Money, morals, and politics: Massachusetts in the age of the Boston Associates'' (Northeastern University Press, 2001)
* Malone, Patrick M. ''Waterpower in Lowell: Engineering and Industry in Nineteenth-Century America'' (2009)
*
Sobel, Robert ''The Entrepreneurs: Explorations Within the American Business Tradition'' (Weybright & Talley 1974), chapter 1, Francis Cabot Lowell: The Patrician as Factory Master.
* Prince, Carl E., Seth Taylor. "Daniel Webster, the Boston Associates, and the U.S. Government's Role in the Industrializing Process, 1815-1830" ''Journal of the Early Republic'' (Autumn, 1982) 2#3, pp. 283–299
*Weil, Francois. "Capitalism and Industrialization in New England, 1815-1845." ''Journal of American History'' Vol. 84, No. 4 (Mar., 1998), pp. 1334–1354.
*Farrow; Anne, John Lang; Jennifer Frank; "Complicity: How the North Promoted, Prolonged, and Profited from Slavery." Chapter 1. Ballantine Books, The Hartford Courant Company: Hartford, Connecticut. 2005.
References
{{Reflist
Investment management companies of the United States
Economic history of Boston
19th century in Boston
American city founders