Borzna Raion ( uk, Борзнянський район) was a

raion A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is co ...

(district) of

Chernihiv Oblast Chernihiv Oblast ( uk, Черні́гівська о́бласть, translit=Chernihivska oblast; also referred to as Chernihivshchyna, uk, Черні́гівщина, translit=Chernihivshchyna) is an oblast (province) of northern Ukraine. T ...

, northern

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...

. Its administrative centre was located at the city of

Borzna Borzna (, ), also referred to as Borsna, is a historic town in northern Ukraine, in Nizhyn Raion of Chernihiv Oblast. It hosts the administration of Borzna urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: Location Borzna is locat ...

. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernihiv Oblast to five. The area of Borzna Raion was merged into

Nizhyn Raion Nizhyn Raion ( uk, Ніжинський район) is a raion (district) of Chernihiv Oblast, northern Ukraine. Its administrative centre is located at Nizhyn. Population: On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the ...

. The last estimate of the raion population was

Subdivisions

At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of four

hromada A hromada ( uk, територіальна громада, lit=territorial community, translit=terytorialna hromada) is a basic unit of administrative division in Ukraine, similar to a municipality. It was established by the Government of Ukra ...

s: *

Borzna urban hromada Borzna (, ), also referred to as Borsna, is a historic town in northern Ukraine, in Nizhyn Raion of Chernihiv Oblast. It hosts the administration of Borzna urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: Location Borzna is locat ...

with the administration in Borzna; *

Komarivka rural hromada Komarivka ( uk, Комарівка) may refer to several places in Ukraine: Cherkasy Oblast * Komarivka, Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi Raion, village in Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi Raion * Komarivka, Zolotonosha Raion, village in Zolotonosha Raion Chernihi ...

with the administration in the selo of Komarivka; *

Plysky rural hromada Plysky ( uk, Плиски) is a selo in Nizhyn Raion, Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Plysky rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The village has a population of 1,333. Here was born American biologist Alexa ...

with the administration in the selo of

Plysky Plysky ( uk, Плиски) is a selo in Nizhyn Raion, Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Plysky rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The village has a population of 1,333. Here was born American biologist Alexand ...

; * Vysoke rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Vysoke.

Geography

Borzna Raion was founded in 1923. Its area made up 5% of the oblast territory. The region was situated almost at the center of the oblast and bordered on

Mena Raion Mena Raion ( uk, Менський район) was a Raions of Ukraine, raion (district) of Chernihiv Oblast, northern Ukraine. Its administrative centre was located at the city of Mena, Ukraine, Mena. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as p ...

, Sosnytsia Raion,

Korop Raion Korop Raion ( uk, Коропський район) was a raion (district) of Chernihiv Oblast, northern Ukraine. Its administrative centre was located at the urban-type settlement of Korop. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the ...

Bakhmach Raion Bakhmach Raion ( uk, Бахмацький район) was a raion (district) of Chernihiv Oblast, within northern Ukraine. Its administrative center was located at the city of Bakhmach. The distance to the Oblast center was by rail and by highw ...

, Ichnia Raion,

, and

Kulykivka Raion Kulykivka Raion ( uk, Куликівський район) was a raion (district) of Chernihiv Oblast, northern Ukraine. Its administrative centre was located at the urban-type settlement of Kulykivka. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as p ...

. The raion covered an area of 1,600 square kilometres. There were 63 built-up areas in the region, which were subordinated by the town council and by the 26 village councils. The landscape of the territory is mainly plain, the northern part is somewhat waterlogged, with woods (

pine A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus ''Pinus'' () of the family Pinaceae. ''Pinus'' is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae. The World Flora Online created by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden accep ...

-trees,

alder Alders are trees comprising the genus ''Alnus'' in the birch family Betulaceae. The genus comprises about 35 species of monoecious trees and shrubs, a few reaching a large size, distributed throughout the north temperate zone with a few sp ...

-trees,

oak An oak is a tree or shrub in the genus ''Quercus'' (; Latin "oak tree") of the beech family, Fagaceae. There are approximately 500 extant species of oaks. The common name "oak" also appears in the names of species in related genera, notably ''L ...

s, aspen-trees), small rivers and lakes. The biggest river is Desna with Seim and Borzenka inflows. The soil is mainly chernozem, meadow-chernozem, ash-laden and sod-ash-laden. The region is located on the south border of the mixed forest zone. Among minerals there are

peat Peat (), also known as turf (), is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or organic matter. It is unique to natural areas called peatlands, bogs, mires, moors, or muskegs. The peatland ecosystem covers and is the most efficien ...

, industrial supply of

clay Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolin, Al2 Si2 O5( OH)4). Clays develop plasticity when wet, due to a molecular film of water surrounding the clay par ...

and

sand Sand is a granular material composed of finely divided mineral particles. Sand has various compositions but is defined by its grain size. Sand grains are smaller than gravel and coarser than silt. Sand can also refer to a textural class of s ...

. The region was intersected by the international highway

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...

—

Kyiv Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...

(

European route E101 European route E 101 is a road part of the International E-road network. It begins in Moscow, Russia, and ends in Kyiv, Ukraine. It is long. Route *: Moscow - Kaluga - Bryansk - border with Ukraine *: border with Russia - Hlukhiv - Ki ...

); the railways are going in two directions, the biggest stations for freight transport and passenger traffic were Doch,

and Kruty.

Economics

The economy of the region is mostly represented in

agriculture Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to ...

. On the fields of 42 farms are grown

potato The potato is a starchy food, a tuber of the plant ''Solanum tuberosum'' and is a root vegetable native to the Americas. The plant is a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Wild potato species can be found from the southern Unit ...

es,

wheat Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain that is a worldwide staple food. The many species of wheat together make up the genus ''Triticum'' ; the most widely grown is common wheat (''T. aestivum''). The archaeologi ...

crop A crop is a plant that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence. When the plants of the same kind are cultivated at one place on a large scale, it is called a crop. Most crops are cultivated in agriculture or hydroponic ...

s. The products are made out of

cattle breeding Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fibre, milk, or other products. It includes day-to-day care, selective breeding, and the raising of livestock. Husbandry has a long history, startin ...

, the

poultry farming Poultry farming is the form of animal husbandry which raises domesticated birds such as chickens, ducks, turkeys and geese to produce meat or eggs for food. Poultry – mostly chickens – are farmed in great numbers. More than 60 billion chicke ...

. The growth of production in agriculture is stimulating the development of the

food industry The food industry is a complex, global network of diverse businesses that supplies most of the food consumed by the world's population. The food industry today has become highly diversified, with manufacturing ranging from small, traditiona ...

. The high quality grain

alcohol Alcohol most commonly refers to: * Alcohol (chemistry), an organic compound in which a hydroxyl group is bound to a carbon atom * Alcohol (drug), an intoxicant found in alcoholic drinks Alcohol may also refer to: Chemicals * Ethanol, one of sev ...

is produced at the Shabalynivskiy alcohol-factory, which is the biggest industrial factory of the region. Borznaagroinvest produces 12 types of

groats Groats (or in some cases, "berries") are the hulled kernels of various cereal grains, such as oat, wheat, rye, and barley. Groats are whole grains that include the cereal germ and fiber-rich bran portion of the grain, as well as the endosperm ...

and the high quality

flour Flour is a powder made by grinding raw grains, roots, beans, nuts, or seeds. Flours are used to make many different foods. Cereal flour, particularly wheat flour, is the main ingredient of bread, which is a staple food for many culture ...

. Borznaagroptakhproduct is incarnating more than 500 thousand

poultry Poultry () are domesticated birds kept by humans for their eggs, their meat or their feathers. These birds are most typically members of the superorder Galloanserae (fowl), especially the order Galliformes (which includes chickens, quails, a ...

in a season. Komarivskiy molokozavod is the only in Ukraine that produces

cheese Cheese is a dairy product produced in wide ranges of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein. It comprises proteins and fat from milk, usually the milk of cows, buffalo, goats, or sheep. During production, ...

of double fattiness and about 16 types of

dairy product Dairy products or milk products, also known as lacticinia, are food products made from (or containing) milk. The most common dairy animals are cow, water buffalo, nanny goat, and ewe. Dairy products include common grocery store food items in th ...

s. Fabryka pechyva Borzna produces 14 types of

cookie A cookie is a baked or cooked snack or dessert that is typically small, flat and sweet. It usually contains flour, sugar, egg, and some type of oil, fat, or butter. It may include other ingredients such as raisins, oats, chocolate chips, n ...

s, which are supplied to more than 100 trading organizations in Ukraine. The Sausage plant rayspozhyvspilky produces more than 15 tons of

sausage A sausage is a type of meat product usually made from ground meat—often pork, beef, or poultry—along with salt, spices and other flavourings. Other ingredients, such as grains or breadcrumbs may be included as fillers or extenders. ...

s per year. Borznyanskiy khlibozavod, apart from the main products, produces 13 types of

soft drink A soft drink (see § Terminology for other names) is a drink that usually contains water (often carbonated), a sweetener, and a natural and/or artificial flavoring. The sweetener may be a sugar, high-fructose corn syrup, fruit juice, a su ...

s. In the region area, besides the big processing factories, there are village small bakeries, which provide the local citizens with bread.

Culture and tourism

The cultural places of the region are: 28 palaces of culture, 14 clubs, 1 movie theatre, 42 public libraries, musical school, the museum of history and the folk theatre. An historical-memorial complex Hannyna Pustyn (commemorating a famous Ukrainian writer and activist of the 19th century

Panteleimon Kulish Panteleimon Oleksandrovych Kulish (also spelled ''Panteleymon'' or ''Pantelejmon Kuliš'', uk, Пантелеймон Олександрович Куліш, August 7, 1819 – February 14, 1897) was a Ukrainian writer, critic, poet, folklori ...

and a peasant life writer Hanna BarvinokHanna Barvinok. Encyclopedia of Ukraine
/ref> (husband and wife) is a ten-minute drive away from Borzna in the village of Motronivka. Borzna has a Museum of Oleksandr Sayenko (an original artist who, despite being

deaf and dumb Deaf-mute is a term which was used historically to identify a person who was either deaf and used sign language or both deaf and could not speak. The term continues to be used to refer to deaf people who cannot speak an oral language or have som ...

, gained prominence by inventing his own technique of creating pictures out of straw). At the beginning of the 19th century there were 5 stone churches in Borzna: Troizkiy cathedral (17th century), church of the Nativity (1788, in 1905 the cathedral was rebuilt), St. Nicholas church (1768, was finished in 1903), the Bell tower (1864), Blagovishchenska church (1717) and Voskresenska (1857). During the last couple of years the following churches were restored: St. Nicholas church, Church of the Nativity, St. Vasyl church and others.

Gallery

File:Borzna pokrovsky fair 3.jpg, ''Pokrovskyi fair in Borzna'' File:Borzna pokrovsky fair 1.jpg, ''Pokrovskyi fair in Borzna'' File:Borzna Nicholas Church 1.jpg, ''St. Nicholas Church'' File:Horoshe Ozero 1.jpg, ''Khoroshe Ozero''

References

Bibliography

* ''Історія міст і сіл Української CCP — Чернігівська область (1972) (History of Towns and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR — Chernihiv Oblast)'', Kiev. * * David S. DuVal. (2004). ''Ukrainian Soul: The Story Of The Family Volkoff From Borzna''. Lincoln, NE: iUniverse. — 193 p.

External links

Official Borzna District Website

{{authority control Former raions of Chernihiv Oblast 1923 establishments in the Soviet Union Ukrainian raions abolished during the 2020 administrative reform