Borja () is a mountain in central

Bosnia Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and He ...

(

Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ...

), between the town of

Teslić Teslić ( sr-cyrl, Теслић) is a town and municipality located in Republika Srpska, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in the central part of the Republika Srpska, on the banks of Usora River. As of 2013, the town has a popul ...

and the village of Maslovare. It spreads in the southeast – northwest, and from

Uzlomac Uzlomac is a long mountain in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnia), east from line direction Maslovare – Vrbanjci – Kotor Varoš – Čelinac. It stretches from the southeast to the northwest through the mountainous area, from Kruševica River ...

is divided on saddle Solila, through which passes main road M-4 (

Banja Luka Banja Luka ( sr-Cyrl, Бања Лука, ) or Banjaluka ( sr-Cyrl, Бањалука, ) is the second largest city in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the largest city of Republika Srpska. Banja Luka is also the ''de facto'' capital of this entity. I ...

–

Matuzići Matuzići is a city in the municipality of Doboj South, Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the ...

–

Doboj Doboj ( sr-cyrl, Добој, ) is a city located in Republika Srpska, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated on the banks of Bosna river, in the northern region of the Republika Srpska. As of 2013, it has a population of 71,441 ...

, which exits on the M-17 (as corridor Vc). The biggest part of this mountain lies in the municipalities of Teslić and

Kotor Varoš Kotor Varoš ( sr-cyrl, Котор Варош) is a town and municipality located in north-western Republika Srpska, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013 census, it has a population of 19,710 inhabitants, while the town of Kotor Varo ...

. Over 1,000 meters above sea level at Borja are Runjavica (1,077 m), Pavlov vrh (Paul's peak, 1029 m), Komin (1,029 m) and Kuke (Hooks, 1.016 m). On the peaks of the mountain chain Očauš – Borja –

is a watershed between basins of

and Vrbas. Borja is rich in dense coniferous–deciduous forest communities. Dominant coniferous species are white and black

pine A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus ''Pinus'' () of the family Pinaceae. ''Pinus'' is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae. The World Flora Online created by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden accep ...

, after which it was named (the name Borja can be roughly translated as "pine woods"). The dense forests are inhabited by many wild animals, including endemic Bosnian mammals. The mountain is abundant with springs and streams. The best known spring is Hajdučke vode, located near the recreation center with the same name. There is a rich variety of minerals, of which only the coal was mined. The coal mine was opened in 1916 under

Austro-Hungarian Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...

rule . It was closed during the 1950s. Planina Borja Teslic

Flora and fauna

Fauna

In a two-year survey of the butterflies of Borja, 63 species were identified, representing 34% of all butterfly species ever identified in Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, due to the lack of research in the area, 36 species were registered at Borja for the first time. Species were found from the families

Hesperiidae Skippers are a family of the Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) named the Hesperiidae. Being diurnal, they are generally called butterflies. They were previously placed in a separate superfamily, Hesperioidea; however, the most recent taxonomy ...

Lycaenidae Lycaenidae is the second-largest family of butterflies (behind Nymphalidae, brush-footed butterflies), with over 6,000 species worldwide, whose members are also called gossamer-winged butterflies. They constitute about 30% of the known butterfl ...

Nymphalidae The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, they are usually medium-sized to large butterflies. Most species have a red ...

Papilionidae Swallowtail butterflies are large, colorful butterflies in the family Papilionidae, and include over 550 species. Though the majority are tropical, members of the family inhabit every continent except Antarctica. The family includes the larges ...

, and

Pieridae The Pieridae are a large family of butterflies with about 76 genera containing about 1,100 species, mostly from tropical Africa and tropical Asia with some varieties in the more northern regions of North America and Eurasia.DeVries P. J. in Levi ...

References

{{coord, 44.5300, N, 17.7000, E, source:wikidata, display=title Mountains of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Flora and fauna

Fauna

See also

References