''Boletus miniato-olivaceus'' is a species of
bolete fungus in the family
Boletaceae. Described as new to science in 1874, it is found in eastern North America, northeast Mexico and southern Brazil.
Taxonomy
The species was first
described by American botanist
Charles Christopher Frost
Charles Christopher Frost (November 11, 1805 – March 16, 1880) was an American mycologist. He described several species of fungi from the New England area of the United States. In one paper, Frost described 22 new species of boletes, and he wa ...
in 1874, from collections made near
Marlboro, Vermont
Marlboro is a town in Windham County, Vermont, United States. The population was 1,722 at the 2020 census. The town is home to both the Southern Vermont Natural History Museum and Marlboro College, which hosts the Marlboro Music School and Festi ...
.
William Alphonso Murrill
William Alphonso Murrill (October 13, 1869 – December 25, 1957) was an American mycologist, known for his contributions to the knowledge of the Agaricales and Polyporaceae. In 1904, he became the assistant Curator at the New York Botanical Ga ...
transferred the species to the genus ''Ceriomyces'' in 1909;
this genus has since been folded into ''
Boletus''.
For many years the species concept of ''Boletus miniato-olivaceus'' was unclear, and it was not definitively agreed upon which combination of characteristics separated this species from the similar ''
B. sensibilis'', or even other related American boletes such as ''
B. bicoloroides'', ''
B. miniatopallescens'', ''
B. sensibilis'' and ''
Lanmaoa carminipes''. After examining the
type
Type may refer to:
Science and technology Computing
* Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc.
* Data type, collection of values used for computations.
* File type
* TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file.
* Ty ...
specimens of ''B. miniato-olivaceus'' as well as several fresh specimens,
Roy Halling determined that there was considerable variability in some characters, particularly in the
morphology
Morphology, from the Greek and meaning "study of shape", may refer to:
Disciplines
*Morphology (archaeology), study of the shapes or forms of artifacts
*Morphology (astronomy), study of the shape of astronomical objects such as nebulae, galaxies, ...
of the
cystidia.
Description
The
cap is initially convex before flattening out in maturity, and attains a diameter of . The cap surface is dry and smooth. The color in young specimens is red, changing gradually to pale rose-pink or rose-
tan with greenish or yellowish tints in maturity. The
flesh is white to pale yellow except for directly underneath the
cap cuticle
The pileipellis is the uppermost layer of hyphae in the pileus of a fungal fruit body. It covers the trama, the fleshy tissue of the fruit body. The pileipellis is more or less synonymous with the cuticle, but the cuticle generally describes th ...
, where it is reddish. It has no distinctive taste or odor. When cut or injured, it turns blue, although this reaction may be slow. The pore surface on the underside of the cap is initially yellow but turns dingy olive-green (sometimes with reddish tints) when older. The angular to circular pores number about 1–2 per millimeter. The tubes comprising the
hymenophore
A hymenophore refers to the hymenium-bearing structure of a fungal fruiting body. Hymenophores can be smooth surfaces, lamellae, folds, tubes, or teeth. The term was coined by Robert Hooke
Robert Hooke FRS (; 18 July 16353 March 1703) was ...
are deep. The
stem
Stem or STEM may refer to:
Plant structures
* Plant stem, a plant's aboveground axis, made of vascular tissue, off which leaves and flowers hang
* Stipe (botany), a stalk to support some other structure
* Stipe (mycology), the stem of a mushro ...
is long by thick, and either equal in width through, or tapered at either end. It is solid (i.e., not hollow), dry, and colored yellow with reddish to brownish tinges, especially near the base.
''Boletus miniato-olivaceus'' produces an olive-brown
spore print. The
spore
In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, f ...
s are somewhat elliptical to spindle-shaped, smooth, and measure 10–15 by 4–6
μm
The micrometre ( international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: μm) or micrometer (American spelling), also commonly known as a micron, is a unit of length in the International System of Unit ...
.
Fruit bodies are
poisonous, and cause gastrointestinal disorders if consumed. They can be used in
mushroom dyeing, and produce colors ranging from brown, beige, yellow, or light orange, depending on the
mordant
A mordant or dye fixative is a substance used to set (i.e. bind) dyes on fabrics by forming a coordination complex with the dye, which then attaches to the fabric (or tissue). It may be used for dyeing fabrics or for intensifying stains in ...
used.
Habitat and distribution
''Boletus miniato-olivaceus'' is a
mycorrhiza
A mycorrhiza (from Greek μύκης ', "fungus", and ῥίζα ', "root"; pl. mycorrhizae, mycorrhiza or mycorrhizas) is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant. The term mycorrhiza refers to the role of the fungus in the plant ...
l species, and has been shown in the laboratory to form a
Hartig net with loblolly pine (''
Pinus taeda'') that is typical of pine mycorrhizae in nature.
In nature, the fruit bodies grow singly, scattered, or in groups on the ground. Typically habitats include
deciduous
In the fields of horticulture and Botany, the term ''deciduous'' () means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, aft ...
or
mixed forests. An uncommon species, fruiting occurs from June to October. Its distribution includes eastern Canada south to
Florida
Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...
, extending west to the
Great Lakes
The Great Lakes, also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes in the mid-east region of North America that connect to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. There are five lakes ...
region.
The bolete was reported from a
Mexican beech (''Fagus mexicana'') forest in
Hidalgo, Mexico in 2010.
See also
*
List of ''Boletus'' species
*
List of North American boletes
References
External links
*
{{Taxonbar, from=Q4939357
mineato-olivaceus
Fungi described in 1874
Fungi of North America
Fungus species