Bolesław Masłowski (born in 1851 in

Włodawa Włodawa (; yi, וולאָדאַווע, Vlodave; ua, Володава, Volodava) is a town in eastern Poland on the Bug River, close to the borders with Belarus and Ukraine. It is the seat of Włodawa County, situated in the Lublin Voivodeship ...

– died in 1928 in

Konice Konice (; german: Konitz) is a town in Prostějov District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,700 inhabitants. Administrative parts Villages of Čunín, Křemenec, Ladín, Nová Dědina and Runářov are administrative par ...

Czechoslovakia , rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי, , common_name = Czechoslovakia , life_span = 1918–19391945–1992 , p1 = Austria-Hungary , image_p1 ...

) was a Polish

chemist A chemist (from Greek ''chēm(ía)'' alchemy; replacing ''chymist'' from Medieval Latin ''alchemist'') is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties. Chemists carefully describe th ...

. He contributed to the dyeing industry.

Biography

Family

Bolesław Masłowski was born on the Bug River, Włodawa, Poland to Rajmund Masłowski (1825–1897), a lawyer, and Waleria Józefa of Danilewicz (1827–1869). His

baptism Baptism (from grc-x-koine, βάπτισμα, váptisma) is a form of ritual purification—a characteristic of many religions throughout time and geography. In Christianity, it is a Christian sacrament of initiation and adoption, almost inv ...

certificate is stored in the parish archives of St.Louis of

Pauline Fathers The Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit ( lat, Ordo Fratrum Sancti Pauli Primi Eremitæ; abbreviated OSPPE), commonly called the Pauline Fathers, is a monastic order of the Roman Catholic Church founded in Hungary during the 13th century. Thi ...

. Born into an impoverished noble family, he had a few notable relatives, including his brother and his maternal grandfather. His brother

Stanisław Masłowski Stanisław Masłowski, born ''Stanisław Stefan Zygmunt Ludgard Masłowski'' (3 December 1853 in Włodawa, – 31 May 1926 in Warsaw) was a Polish painter of realistic style, the author of watercolor landscapes. Biography Masłowski was bo ...

was a Polish painter who lived from 1853–1926. His grandfather, Wincenty Danilewicz (

Ostoja coat of arms Ostoja ( sr-cyr, Остоја) may refer to: * Ostoja, Łódź Voivodeship, a village in Poland * Ostoja, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, a village in Poland * Clan of Ostoja, a late medieval European clan * Ostoja coat of arms * Ostoja, masculin ...

, born in 1787 in Mińsk Lit, a former

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and, after 1791, as the Commonwealth of Poland, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Crown of the Kingdom of ...

territory), was enlisted as a light-cavalryman for active duty in the Napoleonic campaign, for which he was awarded the French Order of

Legion of Honour The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour ('), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleon, ...

. His family originally came from Wieluń, Poland. They used the nickname "Watta of Ruda" (Polish: "Z Rudy"). (Ruda was the first capital of

Wieluń County __NOTOC__ Wieluń County ( pl, powiat wieluński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reform ...

Early Years

In 1856, Masłowski and his family moved from

to Garwolin, and then to

Chęciny Chęciny (Yiddish: חענטשין – Khantchin or Chentshin) is a town in Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, southern Poland, with 104,361 inhabitants as of December 2021. It was first mentioned in historical documents from 1275, and ...

shortly thereafter in 1858. According to records, in 1864 he was arrested and dispatched on unknown charges, then sentenced approximately six months at

Kielce Kielce (, yi, קעלץ, Keltz) is a city in southern Poland, and the capital of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. In 2021, it had 192,468 inhabitants. The city is in the middle of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains (Holy Cross Mountains), on the bank ...

prison. In 1865, the Masłowski family established residence in Kalisz.

Education

After graduating from a local high school in Kalisz, Masłowski began a two-year study of

pharmacy Pharmacy is the science and practice of discovering, producing, preparing, dispensing, reviewing and monitoring medications, aiming to ensure the safe, effective, and affordable use of medicines. It is a miscellaneous science as it links heal ...

Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...

, where his parents had relocated in 1871. It is unknown what became of his academic efforts in

. He continued his studies at

Heidelberg University } Heidelberg University, officially the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, (german: Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; la, Universitas Ruperto Carola Heidelbergensis) is a public research university in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, ...

. There, he frequently attended the lectures of Professor Robert Bunsen. Masłowski's studies were interrupted in 1877 by the outbreak of the

Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 ( tr, 93 Harbi, lit=War of ’93, named for the year 1293 in the Islamic calendar; russian: Русско-турецкая война, Russko-turetskaya voyna, "Russian–Turkish war") was a conflict between th ...

. A subject to the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...

, Masłowski was drafted into the

Imperial Russian Army The Imperial Russian Army (russian: Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия, tr. ) was the armed land force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917. In the early 1850s, the Russian Ar ...

and put into the sanitary service. Fortunately, he was able to continue his education after the war ended. Once he left the army, he picked up his studies at

Mulhouse Mulhouse (; Alsatian language, Alsatian: or , ; ; meaning ''Mill (grinding), mill house'') is a city of the Haut-Rhin Departments of France, department, in the Grand Est Regions of France, region, eastern France, close to the France–Switzerl ...

Alsace Alsace (, ; ; Low Alemannic German/ gsw-FR, Elsàss ; german: Elsass ; la, Alsatia) is a cultural region and a territorial collectivity in eastern France, on the west bank of the upper Rhine next to Germany and Switzerland. In 2020, it had ...

. During his time there, he learnt from the great Professor E. Noelting. Masłowski graduated in 1881 with a degree in

dye A dye is a colored substance that chemically bonds to the substrate to which it is being applied. This distinguishes dyes from pigments which do not chemically bind to the material they color. Dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution an ...

(

pigment A pigment is a colored material that is completely or nearly insoluble in water. In contrast, dyes are typically soluble, at least at some stage in their use. Generally dyes are often organic compounds whereas pigments are often inorganic compo ...

) chemistry, as a specialization.

Career

Masłowski's career began when he took a job as a laborer in a dye

Joint-Stock Company A joint-stock company is a business entity in which shares of the company's capital stock, stock can be bought and sold by shareholders. Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion, evidenced by their share (finance), shares (certificates ...

"Zawiercie" (

Silesia Silesia (, also , ) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at around 8,000,000. Silesia is split ...

). During the two initial months of internship, he received high praise from superiors for his achievements. As a result, he quickly became a collaborator of E. Lauter, who was an outstanding specialist in the field of dyeing techniques. Within three months, he was hired as manager of

calico printing Calico (; in British usage since 1505) is a heavy plain-woven textile made from unbleached, and often not fully processed, cotton. It may also contain unseparated husk parts. The fabric is far coarser than muslin, but less coarse and thick than ...

. Three years later, he was promoted to company manager, with 6000 employees under his supervision. Masłowski held this position until 1891 after which he moved to Germany. There, five years later, he published in '' Farber Zeitung'' an article on alkaline methods of removing Turkish red dye. In 1904, Masłowski began working at a textile plant in

Moravia Moravia ( , also , ; cs, Morava ; german: link=yes, Mähren ; pl, Morawy ; szl, Morawa; la, Moravia) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia. The me ...

(the territory of

Austro-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...

, then

Czechoslovakia , rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי, , common_name = Czechoslovakia , life_span = 1918–19391945–1992 , p1 = Austria-Hungary , image_p1 ...

). He remained there as a managing director until his death on June 20, 1928, in

, leaving his children with his wife Felice.Kazimierz Sarnecki: Polish Biographical Dictionary, op.cit.

Bibliography

*'' Robert Bielecki: (in Polish) Szwoleżerowie gwardii -(

1st Polish Light Cavalry Regiment of the Imperial Guard The 1st Polish Light Cavalry Lancers Regiment of the Imperial Guard ( ''/'' ) was a foreign Polish light cavalry lancers regiment which served as part of Napoleon's Imperial Guard during the Napoleonic Wars. The regiment, as part of Napoleon's ...

), seria: "Słynne Pułki Polskie" ( Famous Polish Regiments" – series, ed. "Neriton", Warszawa 1996, pp. 240 (entry 2259);'' *'' Registry books in Parish of St. Louis of

;'' *'' Zygmunt Gloger (in Polish): Geografia historyczna ziem dawnej Polski (Historic Geography of Ancient Polish Lands): https://web.archive.org/web/20180522220501/http://literat.ug.edu.pl/glogre/0019.htm'' *'' Stanislaw Łoza: (in Polish) Legia honorowa w Polsce 1803–1923 (

in Poland 1803–1923), Zamość 1923, ed. Zygmunt Pomarański and Company (reprinted Warsaw 1986, ed. WAiF), pp. 38, poz.284;'' *'' Maciej Maslowski: (in Polish)

– Materiały do życiorysu i twórczości (

– Resources for study of life and work), ed. National Ossoliński Institute),

Wrocław Wrocław (; german: Breslau, or . ; Silesian German: ''Brassel'') is a city in southwestern Poland and the largest city in the historical region of Silesia. It lies on the banks of the River Oder in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Europe, rou ...

1957, pp. 238, 247;'' *'' (in Polish) Polski Słownik Biograficzny ( Polish Biographical Dictionary),

Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 ...

Gdańsk Gdańsk ( , also ; ; csb, Gduńsk;Stefan Ramułt, ''Słownik języka pomorskiego, czyli kaszubskiego'', Kraków 1893, Gdańsk 2003, ISBN 83-87408-64-6. , Johann Georg Theodor Grässe, ''Orbis latinus oder Verzeichniss der lateinischen Benen ...

, 1975 (ed.

Polish Academy of Sciences The Polish Academy of Sciences ( pl, Polska Akademia Nauk, PAN) is a Polish state-sponsored institution of higher learning. Headquartered in Warsaw, it is responsible for spearheading the development of science across the country by a society of ...

– National Ossoliński Institute), vol .XX/1 pp. 124 – entry: "Masłowski Bolesław" by Kazimierz Sarnecki;'' *'' (in Polish) "Przemysł Chemiczny" ("Chemical Industry" Journal), 1928, pp. 428, 1929, p. 30,'' *'' Raczkowski K. K: (in Polish) Ze wspomnień chemika-kolorysty (Fragments of Memories of The Dye Chemist), "Przemysł Chemiczny" ("Chemical Industry" Journal), 1947, p. 474;'' *'' Trepka E.: (in Polish) Osiągnięcia polskich kolorystów (Achievements of Polish Dye Chemists), "Przemysł Włókienniczy" ("Textile Industry" journal) Vol.3, 1949, p. 190.'' *'' Trepka E.: (in Polish) Historia kolorystyki (The History of Dyeing Industry

1960, pp. 368, 410, 438;'' *''

family archives.''

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maslowski, Boleslaw People from Włodawa Polish chemists 1851 births 1928 deaths