Bolesatine is a

glycoprotein Glycoproteins are proteins which contain oligosaccharide chains covalently attached to amino acid side-chains. The carbohydrate is attached to the protein in a cotranslational or posttranslational modification. This process is known as glycos ...

isolated from the '' Rubroboletus satanas (Boletus satanas Lenz)'' mushroom which has a

lectin Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that are highly specific for sugar groups that are part of other molecules, so cause agglutination of particular cells or precipitation of glycoconjugates and polysaccharides. Lectins have a role in rec ...

function that is specific to the sugar binding site of D-galactose. It is a monomeric protein with a compact globular structure and is thermostable. One tryptophan can be found in its primary sequence along with one disulfide bridge. Bolesatine causes

gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis, also known as infectious diarrhea and gastro, is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract including the stomach and intestine. Symptoms may include diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Fever, lack of energy, and dehydra ...

in humans and, at high enough concentrations, inhibits protein synthesis. It does not inhibit protein synthesis directly. Instead, it acts as a phosphatase for nucleoside triphosphate, particularly for GTP. At lower concentrations, it is a mitogen to human and rat T lymphocytes. Studies have shown that at low concentrations, protein kinases C (PKC) are activated in vitro and in

vero cells Vero may refer to: Geography * Vero Beach, Florida, a city in the United States * Vero, Corse-du-Sud, a commune of France in Corsica Other * ''Véro'', a talk show on the Radio-Canada television network * Vero (app), a social media company co-found ...

, leading to an increase in DNA synthesis activity.

Effects of bolesatine poisoning

Other than the accumulation of toxins in human liver and organs, Bolesatine poisoning causes agglutination in human red blood cells and platelets at threshold concentrations. The following symptoms of hypertension and dizziness would be expected when affected. In severe cases, death may result.

References

{{biochem-stub Lectins Glycoproteins Mycotoxins