The Boar's Head Society (1910 – 1970s) was a student ''

conversazione society A ''conversazione'' is a "social gathering redominantlyheld by learned or art society" for conversation and discussion, especially about the arts, literature, medicine, and science. ::It would not be easy to devise a happier way han the ''con ...

'' devoted to poetry at

Columbia University Columbia University (also known as Columbia, and officially as Columbia University in the City of New York) is a private research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manhatt ...

. It was an "adjunct to Columbia College's

Philolexian Society The Philolexian Society of Columbia University is one of the oldest college literary and debate societies in the United States, and the oldest student group at Columbia. Founded in 1802, the Society aims to "improve its members in Oratory, Compo ...

... The purpose of their new society was entirely creative: reading and commenting on each other's works."

History

John Erskine, English professor, formed the society. This connected the society through him to Columbia's student literary magazine, ''The Morningside Review'' (founded first as the ''Literary Monthly'' in 1815, renamed by Erskine in 1898, and renamed the ''

Columbia Review Columbia may refer to: * Columbia (personification), the historical female national personification of the United States, and a poetic name for America Places North America Natural features * Columbia Plateau, a geologic and geographic region i ...

'' in 1932). In 1931, it claimed to be the only organization on campus "devoted exclusively to poetry." The society seems to have started during the 1909–1910 academic schoolyear, as in November 1909 it sponsored theatrical productions of

Shakespeare William Shakespeare ( 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's natio ...

's ''

Comedy of Errors ''The Comedy of Errors'' is one of William Shakespeare's early plays. It is his shortest and one of his most farcical comedies, with a major part of the humour coming from slapstick and mistaken identity, in addition to puns and word play. ...

'' and

Oscar Wilde Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 185430 November 1900) was an Irish poet and playwright. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, he became one of the most popular playwrights in London in the early 1890s. He is ...

's '' An Ideal Husband''.

Competitions

The society also held annual literary competitions and then published winners in the magazine. Competition judges included

William Carlos Williams William Carlos Williams (September 17, 1883 – March 4, 1963) was an American poet, writer, and physician closely associated with modernism and imagism. In addition to his writing, Williams had a long career as a physician practicing both pedia ...

(and Lionel Trilling ). Winners included

John Berryman John Allyn McAlpin Berryman (born John Allyn Smith, Jr.; October 25, 1914 – January 7, 1972) was an American poet and scholar. He was a major figure in American poetry in the second half of the 20th century and is considered a key figure in th ...

Terrence McNally Terrence McNally (November 3, 1938 – March 24, 2020) was an American playwright, librettist, and screenwriter. Described as "the bard of American theater" and "one of the greatest contemporary playwrights the theater world has yet produced," ...

John Hollander John Hollander (October 28, 1929 – August 17, 2013) was an American poet and literary critic. At the time of his death, he was Sterling Professor Emeritus of English at Yale University, having previously taught at Connecticut College, Hunter ...

, and

Allen Ginsberg Irwin Allen Ginsberg (; June 3, 1926 – April 5, 1997) was an American poet and writer. As a student at Columbia University in the 1940s, he began friendships with William S. Burroughs and Jack Kerouac, forming the core of the Beat Gener ...

. At some point, the magazine took over the competition from the society.

Members

Student members included: * 1910s:

Lewis Mumford Lewis Mumford (October 19, 1895 – January 26, 1990) was an American historian, sociologist, philosopher of technology, and literary critic. Particularly noted for his study of cities and urban architecture, he had a broad career as a w ...

(president),

Kenneth Burke Kenneth Duva Burke (May 5, 1897 – November 19, 1993) was an American literary theorist, as well as poet, essayist, and novelist, who wrote on 20th-century philosophy, aesthetics, criticism, and rhetorical theory. As a literary theorist, Burk ...

Alfred A. Knopf, Sr. Alfred Abraham Knopf Sr. (September 12, 1892 August 11, 1984) was an American publisher of the 20th century, and co-founder of Alfred A. Knopf, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. His contemporaries included the likes of Bennett Cerf and Donald Klopfer, and (o ...

Randolph Bourne Randolph Silliman Bourne (; May 30, 1886 – December 22, 1918) was a progressive writer and intellectual born in Bloomfield, New Jersey, and a graduate of Columbia University. He is considered to be a spokesman for the young radicals living du ...

, Irwin Edman, Lloyd R. Morris,

Mark Van Doren Mark Van Doren (June 13, 1894 – December 10, 1972) was an American poet, writer and critic. He was a scholar and a professor of English at Columbia University for nearly 40 years, where he inspired a generation of influential writers and thin ...

* 1920s:

Whittaker Chambers Whittaker Chambers (born Jay Vivian Chambers; April 1, 1901 – July 9, 1961) was an American writer-editor, who, after early years as a Communist Party member (1925) and Soviet spy (1932–1938), defected from the Soviet underground (1938) ...

Louis Zukofsky Louis Zukofsky (January 23, 1904 – May 12, 1978) was an American poet. He was the primary instigator and theorist of the so-called "Objectivist" poets, a short lived collective of poets who after several decades of obscurity would reemerge a ...

Samuel Theodore Hecht Samuel ''Šəmūʾēl'', Tiberian: ''Šămūʾēl''; ar, شموئيل or صموئيل '; el, Σαμουήλ ''Samouḗl''; la, Samūēl is a figure who, in the narratives of the Hebrew Bible, plays a key role in the transition from the bi ...

, Lionel Trilling, Eleanor Bell (first woman member) * 1930s:

Ralph de Toledano Ralph de Toledano (August 17, 1916 – February 3, 2007) was an American writer in the conservative movement in the United States throughout the second half of the 20th century. A friend of Richard Nixon, he was a journalist and editor of ''Newsw ...

, Barry Ulanov * 1940s:

Daniel Hoffman Daniel Gerard Hoffman (April 3, 1923 – March 30, 2013) was an American poet, essayist, and academic. He was appointed the twenty-second Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 1973. Early life and education Hoffman w ...

* 1950s:

Mentions

Mention of the Boar's Head Society appears in the ''Columbia Daily Spectator''. Archives record: * "Boar's Head Well on Way" on May 12, 1910 * "New Literary Society on Campus" on October 8, 1910, for the term at University Hall * "Boar's Head to Hold Last Meeting" on May 5, 1911, for the term at University Hall * "Boar's Head to Hold Last Meeting" on May 8, 1911, for the term at University Hall * "French Scholar to Address Boar's Head" on December 10, 1912 * "Dr. Van Doren to Address Boar's Head" on February 25, 1913 * "Boar's Head Meeting on Wednesday" on November 2, 1914, in Hamilton Hall * "Boar's Head Meets Tonight" on August 10, 1915, in * "Meeting" on September 28, 1920, in Erskine's office in Hamilton Hall * "Boar's Head to Meet" on March 17, 1921 * "Boar's Head to Meet" on February 9, 1923 * "Boar's Head Will Meet" on December 8, 1926, with Professor Erskine * "Anniversary Program" on April 30, 1931, with Philosophy Professor and literary critic Houston Peterson as guest of honor * "26th Annual Poetry Reading" on April 30, 1936, presided by Professor

, guest of honor R.P. Blackmur, and winner

* "W. C. Williams To Read Poems Here Tonight" on May 6, 1937 * "Set Poetry Deadline" on April 16, 1952, for the annual competition * "Review Produced Literary Notables" on October 14, 1959 * "Columbia Review: Mixing Metaphors" on April 25, 1961 * "Review to Publish Volumes Featuring Individual Authors" on September 25, 1964

Impact

The April 1935 issue of the ''Columbia Review'', Lionel Trilling wrote "Boar's Heart: 25 Years" and

wrote a "Note on Poetry". In 2006, Hoffman reminisced, "When I returned to Columbia after the Second World War, I joined the Boar's Head Society, which was a little group of poets. In those days, colleges didn't like poets to do anything, so we ponied up the hundred bucks and invited him" (

W. H. Auden Wystan Hugh Auden (; 21 February 1907 – 29 September 1973) was a British-American poet. Auden's poetry was noted for its stylistic and technical achievement, its engagement with politics, morals, love, and religion, and its variety in ...

References