Blumenau is a city in

Vale do Itajaí Vale do Itajaí also known as ''Vale Europeu'' (or "European Valley") is a Mesoregion (Brazil), mesoregion located in the Northeastern part of the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina (state), Santa Catarina. It has about 1.3 million inhabitants and ...

, state of Santa Catarina, in the South Region of

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

. It is away from the state capital of

Florianópolis Florianópolis () is the capital and second largest city of the state of Santa Catarina, in the South region of Brazil. The city encompasses Santa Catarina Island and surrounding small islands, as well as part of the mainland. It has a populat ...

. The city was founded by the German

chemist A chemist (from Greek ''chēm(ía)'' alchemy; replacing ''chymist'' from Medieval Latin ''alchemist'') is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties. Chemists carefully describe th ...

and

pharmacist A pharmacist, also known as a chemist (Commonwealth English) or a druggist (North American and, archaically, Commonwealth English), is a healthcare professional who prepares, controls and distributes medicines and provides advice and instructi ...

Hermann Bruno Otto Blumenau (1819–1899), who arrived on a boat via Itajaí-Açu River accompanied by seventeen other Germans. It has a cultural agenda focused on parties based on the daily life and habits of European immigrants, with emphasis on German heritage, including the second largest

Oktoberfest The Oktoberfest (; bar, Wiesn, Oktobafest) is the world's largest Volksfest, featuring a beer festival and a travelling carnival. It is held annually in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. It is a 16- to 18-day folk festival running from mid- or ...

in the world, which takes place during 17 days in October.

History

The city was founded September 2, 1850, by Hermann Bruno Otto Blumenau and seventeen other

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...

immigrants Immigration is the international movement of people to a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle as permanent residents or naturalized citizens. Commuters, tourists, and ...

. Later arrivals include biologist and early proponent of

Darwinian Evolution Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that ...

Fritz Müller Johann Friedrich Theodor Müller (31 March 1822 – 21 May 1897), better known as Fritz Müller, and also as Müller-Desterro, was a German biologist who emigrated to southern Brazil, where he lived in and near the German community of Blumenau, ...

. The history of Blumenau is the result of the arrival of German immigrants who settled these fertile areas of the

Atlantic Forest The Atlantic Forest ( pt, Mata Atlântica) is a South American forest that extends along the Atlantic coast of Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte state in the northeast to Rio Grande do Sul state in the south and inland as far as Paraguay and th ...

. Having an interest in the problems faced by European immigrants, in 1845 Hermann Blumenau reached an agreement with the

Society for the Protection of German Emigrants A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. Socie ...

to represent it and traveled to Brazil, aiming to create new German settlements and to check the situation of those that already existed. He traveled to

Rio Grande do Sul Rio Grande do Sul (, , ; "Great River of the South") is a Federative units of Brazil, state in the South Region, Brazil, southern region of Brazil. It is the Federative_units_of_Brazil#List, fifth-most-populous state and the List of Brazilian st ...

, and then to Santa Catarina, where he visited the German colony of

São Pedro de Alcântara SAO or Sao may refer to: Places * Sao civilisation, in Middle Africa from 6th century BC to 16th century AD * Sao, a town in Boussé Department, Burkina Faso * Saco Transportation Center (station code SAO), a train station in Saco, Maine, U.S. ...

. Aware of comments about the Itajaí Valley, he explored it in detail, in association with his compatriot Ferdinand Hackradt, since the aforementioned society was dissolved. After taking certain precautions, Hermann Blumenau headed for Germany, to seek immigrants. On September 2, 1850, Hermann Blumenau returned to the chosen area with the seventeen initial immigrants. Despite the floods, clashes with wild animals and even with the

indigenous peoples Indigenous peoples are culturally distinct ethnic groups whose members are directly descended from the earliest known inhabitants of a particular geographic region and, to some extent, maintain the language and culture of those original people ...

, due to the work of German immigrants willing to migrate continuously in greater numbers, the settlement prospered. On February 4, 1880, the

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...

of Blumenau was created, composed of about 13,000 residents.

Demographics

, Blumenau had an estimated population of 361,855 people, with an area of 519 km² (200 sq mi). The main ethnic origin of the city inhabitants are

and

Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional Ita ...

. The city displays many historical and cultural reminders of their heritage, such as houses and other buildings built in traditional German styles, statues, and memorials. Blumenau, compared to other Brazilian cities, has a very high

Human Development Index The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistic composite index of life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system), and per capita income indicators, whi ...

, 0.806 as of 2010.

Ethnic composition

:''Source: 2010

IBGE The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics ( pt, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; IBGE) is the agency responsible for official collection of statistical, geographic, cartographic, geodetic and environmental information ...

Census''

Religion

:''Source: 2010 IBGE Census''

Geography

The city is located in a valley bisected by the Itajaí-Açu River, surrounded by hills with forests. The lower areas, including towers and tall buildings in the city center, constantly suffer from the threat of floods. Blumenau's first recorded flood took place in the dawn on September 23, 1880. The worst took place in 1983 and 1984, when the city was completely isolated for weeks. Today, Blumenau is well-prepared against such threats, but many citizens prefer to live in higher areas spread into the nearby hills and plains to avoid flooding. However, this planning could not avoid even worse

flooding A flood is an overflow of water ( or rarely other fluids) that submerges land that is usually dry. In the sense of "flowing water", the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tide. Floods are an area of study of the discipline hydrolog ...

in late November 2008, that killed over 100 and forced thousands to evacuate.

Climate

The climate of Blumenau is considered to be subtropical, a climate of transition between the predominantly tropical climate of Brazil and the predominantly temperate climate of

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...

. Under the

Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notabl ...

, the city has a warm,

humid subtropical climate A humid subtropical climate is a zone of climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between latitudes 25° and 40° ...

. Blumenau, like the entire state of Santa Catarina, is located south of the

Tropic of Capricorn The Tropic of Capricorn (or the Southern Tropic) is the circle of latitude that contains the subsolar point at the December (or southern) solstice. It is thus the southernmost latitude where the Sun can be seen directly overhead. It also reac ...

; therefore it is mild in the winter with temperatures averaging 16.6 °C (61 °F) and hot and humid in the summer with high temperatures averaging around 30 °C (87 °F). On July 23, 2013 the downtown of the city got a snow-rain mix and higher neighborhoods had accumulating snow.

Economy

Blumenau's main economic activity is still the

textile industry The textile industry is primarily concerned with the design, production and distribution of yarn, cloth and clothing. The raw material may be natural, or synthetic using products of the chemical industry. Industry process Cotton manufacturi ...

, represented by large manufacturers such as

Cia. Hering Companhia Hering (Cia Hering) is a Brazilian textile and retail clothing company, being the leading clothing textile company in Latin America. The company has 805 stores. The company is one of the oldest Brazilian companies still in activity, fou ...

, Karsten and Teka. Another area that draws attention is that of

information technology Information technology (IT) is the use of computers to create, process, store, retrieve, and exchange all kinds of data . and information. IT forms part of information and communications technology (ICT). An information technology system (I ...

; the city is the headquarters of the so-called

Brazilian Silicon Valley Brazilian Silicon Valley is a term commonly applied to the region of Campinas and in southern region this term is applied for Florianópolis city, Brazil because of its similarity to the 'original' Silicon Valley, located in California in the USA ...

, and many software leaders in its segment, some of whom were born in Blusoft and Instituto Gene startup incubators. Blumenau is also known as a location for the manufacturing of metallurgic, mechanical, and electrical equipment. It has a strong economy, boosted by strong trade, service, and tourism events, with exhibitions of international importance, which are generally held in ''Vila Germânica'' (German Villa Park). Additionally, a new but rapidly expanding market is the production of craft

beer Beer is one of the oldest and the most widely consumed type of alcoholic drink in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea. It is produced by the brewing and fermentation of starches, mainly derived from ce ...

, such as Eisenbahn.

Transport

Even though Blumenau has its own airport, normally passengers use scheduled flights operated from

Ministro Victor Konder International Airport Navegantes–Ministro Victor Konder International Airport is the airport serving Navegantes, Brazil, as well as Itajaí, Balneário Camboriú, and Blumenau. It is named after the Itajaí-born Victor Konder (1886-1941), Minister of Public Works (1 ...

, located in the nearby municipality of

Navegantes Navegantes (, ''Seafarers'') is a coastal and tourist city located in Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil. The population is 83,626 (2020 est.) in an area of 112.0 km². Ministro Victor Konder International Airport serves the popular bea ...

Gol Airlines Gol may refer to: Places * * Gol, Gilan, a village in Gilan Province, Iran * Gol, South Khorasan, a village in South Khorasan Province, Iran * Gol, Bukan, a village in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran * Gol, Chaldoran, a village in West Azerbaij ...

Azul Brazilian Airlines Azul Linhas Aéreas Brasileiras S/A (''Azul Brazilian Airlines''; or simply Azul) is a Brazilian carrier based in Barueri, a suburb of São Paulo. The company's business model is to stimulate demand by providing frequent and affordable air serv ...

, Latam, and Avianca offer for its passengers bus transfers between Navegantes and Blumenau at regular times.

Tourism

The Blumenau's Tourism Department maintains four tour routes covering different aspects of the city. Besides these, there's the festival of the municipality. Also, the

Oktoberfest of Blumenau The Oktoberfest of Blumenau is a festival of German traditions that happens in middle October in the city of Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil. It is considered the biggest German festival in the Americas, and the second biggest Oktoberfest celebr ...

, held every October, attracts over a million tourists every year.

Subdivisions

Blumenau has 35 neighbourhoods:

Notable people

Hermann Blumenau Hermann Bruno Otto Blumenau (December 26, 1819 – October 30, 1899) was a German pharmacist who founded the city of Blumenau, situated in the Itajaí-Açu river valley in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Biography Hermann Bruno Ott ...

(1819–1899) German pharmacist who founded the city of Blumenau *

Emílio Henrique Baumgart Emílio Henrique Baumgart or Emil Heinrich Baumgart (in German) was a Brazilian engineer. Background Baumgart was born on May 25, 1889, in the city of Blumenau, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. His father was the German immigrant Gustav B ...

(1889 in Blumenau - 1943) architect and engineer *

(1821 – 1897 in Blumenau) biologist, an early advocate of Darwinism * Vera Fischer (born 1951 in Blumenau) actress * Rita Schadrack (1931 in Blumenau – 1988) film, stage, and voice actress * Martin Drewes (1918 – 2013 in Blumenau) Luftwaffe military aviator, night fighter ace in

WWII World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

Mariana Weickert Mariana Müller Weickert (born February 17, 1982) is a Brazilian model represented by Ford Models. She was chosen by the German ''Vogue'' magazine for a 25-page editorial with major New York stylists. Lately she has been following a career as a T ...

(born 1972 in Blumenau) model *

João Geraldo Kuhlmann João Geraldo Kuhlmann (1882 Blumenau, Santa Catarina -1958 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro) was a Brazilian botanist. Life Kuhlmann was a specialist on taxonomy of angiosperms. He was a great collector of herborized material (his collection ...

(1882 in Blumenau - 1958) a botanist, specialist on the

taxonomy Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...

Angiosperm Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

s *

Luiz Henrique da Silveira Luiz Henrique da Silveira (February 25, 1940 – May 10, 2015) was a Brazilian politician and lawyer. He represented Santa Catarina in the Federal Senate from 2011 to 2015. He was governor of Santa Catarina from 2003 to 2006 and 2007 to 2010. He ...

(1940 in Blumenau – 2015) politician and lawyer *

Edward af Sillén Edward af Sillén (born 1982 in Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil) is a Swedish screenwriter and director for stage, film and TV. He has translated and directed many highly successful theatre shows including ''Twelfth Night'' by William Shakespear ...

(born 1982 in Blumenau) Swedish screenwriter & director for film and TV *

Armin Zimmermann __NOTOC__ Armin Zimmermann (23 December 1917 – 30 November 1976) was a German admiral and Inspector General of the Bundeswehr from 1 April 1972 until 30 November 1976. He joined the Kriegsmarine in 1937. Awards *German Cross in Gold on 4 Mar ...

(1917 in Blumenau – 1976) German admiral and

Inspector General of the Bundeswehr Inspector, also police inspector or inspector of police, is a police rank. The rank or position varies in seniority depending on the organization that uses it. Australia In Australian police forces, the rank of inspector is generally the ne ...

Sport

Tiago Splitter Tiago Splitter Beims (born January 1, 1985) is a Brazilian former professional basketball player who played seven seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is currently serving as player development coach for the Brooklyn Nets. A ...

, (born 1985 in Blumenau) former professional basketball player *

Tiago Volpi Tiago Luis Volpi (born 19 December 1990) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Liga MX club Toluca. Career Early career Volpi started his career at Fluminense in 2008, before moving to São José a year later, he ...

, (born 1990 in Blumenau) football goalkeeper * Bruna Pickler, (born 1990 in Blumenau), athlete, actress, composer and sports reporter * Ana Amorim Taleska, (born 1983 in Blumenau) handball player * Christian Maicon Hening, (born 1978 in Blumenau) football player * Eduarda Amorim Taleska, (born 1986 in Blumenau) handball player * Rafael Schmitz, (born 1980 in Blumenau) football player *

Barbara Bruch Barbara may refer to: People * Barbara (given name) * Barbara (painter) (1915–2002), pseudonym of Olga Biglieri, Italian futurist painter * Barbara (singer) (1930–1997), French singer * Barbara Popović (born 2000), also known mononymously ...

, (born 1987 in Blumenau) female volleyball player *

Jean Carlo Witte Jean Carlo Witte (born 24 September 1977 in Blumenau, Santa Catarina) is a Brazilian football (soccer) defender. He played for Santos and Brazilian U-20 team at 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship. Club statistics Honors Team *J.League Cup ...

, (born 1977 in Blumenau) football player * Nathan Allan de Souza, (born 1996 in Blumenau) football player *

Ana Moser Ana Beatriz Moser (born August 14, 1968 in Blumenau) is a Brazilian former volleyball player, who played as an outside hitter. She was a member of the Women's National Team for over a decade, serving as the team captain and winning the squad's ...

, (born 1968 in Blumenau) former volleyball player, team captain and team gold medallist at the

1996 Summer Olympics The 1996 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the XXVI Olympiad, also known as Atlanta 1996 and commonly referred to as the Centennial Olympic Games) were an international multi-sport event held from July 19 to August 4, 1996, in Atlanta, ...

Twin towns – sister cities

Blumenau is twinned with: *

Bariloche San Carlos de Bariloche, usually known as Bariloche (), is a city in the province of Río Negro Province, Río Negro, Argentina, situated in the foothills of the Andes on the southern shores of Nahuel Huapi Lake. It is located within the Nahuel ...

, Argentina *

Campinas Campinas (, ''Plains'' or ''Meadows'') is a Brazilian municipality in São Paulo State, part of the country's Southeast Region. According to the 2020 estimate, the city's population is 1,213,792, making it the fourteenth most populous Brazilian ...

, Brazil * Osorno, Chile *

Petrópolis Petrópolis (; ), also known as The Imperial City, is a Municipalities of Brazil, municipality in the Southeast Region, Brazil, Southeast Region of Brazil. It is located in the state of Rio de Janeiro (state), Rio de Janeiro, northeast of the ci ...

, Brazil *

Weingarten Weingarten may refer to: Places * Weingarten, Württemberg, Germany ** Weingarten Abbey * Weingarten (Baden), Germany * Weingarten, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany * Weingarten, Thuringia, Germany * Weingarten, Switzerland * Weingarten, Missouri ...

, Germany * Posadas, Argentina *

Badajoz Badajoz (; formerly written ''Badajos'' in English) is the capital of the Province of Badajoz in the autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain. It is situated close to the Portuguese border, on the left bank of the river Guadiana. The population ...

, Spain *

Oxapampa Oxapampa is the capital of Oxapampa District and Oxapampa Province in Peru in the eastern part of the Pasco Region. . Oxapampa belongs to the natural region known as Selva Alta or high jungle. northward down the valley of the Huancabamba River ...

, Peru

References

Sources

External links

* {{Coord, 26, 56, S, 49, 03, W, region:BR_type:city, display=title Populated places established in 1850 1850 establishments in Brazil German-Brazilian culture Municipalities in Santa Catarina (state)