A Bluetooth stack is

software Software is a set of computer programs and associated documentation and data. This is in contrast to hardware, from which the system is built and which actually performs the work. At the lowest programming level, executable code consists ...

that is an

implementation Implementation is the realization of an application, or execution of a plan, idea, model, design, specification, standard, algorithm, or policy. Industry-specific definitions Computer science In computer science, an implementation is a realiza ...

of the Bluetooth protocol

stack Stack may refer to: Places * Stack Island, an island game reserve in Bass Strait, south-eastern Australia, in Tasmania’s Hunter Island Group * Blue Stack Mountains, in Co. Donegal, Ireland People * Stack (surname) (including a list of people ...

Bluetooth Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology standard that is used for exchanging data between fixed and mobile devices over short distances and building personal area networks (PANs). In the most widely used mode, transmission power is limi ...

stacks can be roughly divided into two distinct categories: # ''General-purpose'' implementations that are written with emphasis on feature-richness and flexibility, usually for desktop

computer A computer is a machine that can be programmed to Execution (computing), carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (computation) automatically. Modern digital electronic computers can perform generic sets of operations known as C ...

s. Support for additional

Bluetooth profile In order to use Bluetooth, a device must be compatible with the subset of Bluetooth ''profiles'' (often called services or functions) necessary to use the desired services. A Bluetooth profile is a specification regarding an aspect of Bluetooth-b ...

s can typically be added through drivers. # ''

Embedded system An embedded system is a computer system—a combination of a computer processor, computer memory, and input/output peripheral devices—that has a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electronic system. It is ''embedded'' as ...

'' implementations intended for use in devices where resources are limited and demands are lower, such as Bluetooth

peripheral device A peripheral or peripheral device is an auxiliary device used to put information into and get information out of a computer. The term ''peripheral device'' refers to all hardware components that are attached to a computer and are controlled by the ...

General-purpose implementations

BSD

FreeBSD

The

FreeBSD FreeBSD is a free and open-source Unix-like operating system descended from the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), which was based on Research Unix. The first version of FreeBSD was released in 1993. In 2005, FreeBSD was the most popular ...

bluetooth stack is implemented using the

Netgraph netgraph is the graph based kernel networking subsystem of FreeBSD since 3.4 and DragonFly BSD since the fork from FreeBSD. Netgraph provides support for L2TP, PPTP, ATM, bluetooth using a modular set of nodes that are the graph. Netgraph has ...

framework. A broad variety of Bluetooth USB dongles are supported by the ng_ubt driver. The implementation was committed in 2002, and first released with FreeBSD 5.0. *

NetBSD

NetBSD NetBSD is a free and open-source Unix operating system based on the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD). It was the first open-source BSD descendant officially released after 386BSD was forked. It continues to be actively developed and is a ...

has its own Bluetooth implementation, committed in 2006, and first released with .

OpenBSD

OpenBSD OpenBSD is a security-focused, free and open-source, Unix-like operating system based on the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD). Theo de Raadt created OpenBSD in 1995 by forking NetBSD 1.0. According to the website, the OpenBSD project em ...

has had the implementation from NetBSD for some time, but it was removed in 2014 due lack of maintainership and code rot.

DragonFly BSD

DragonFly BSD DragonFly BSD is a free and open-source Unix-like operating system forked from FreeBSD 4.8. Matthew Dillon, an Amiga developer in the late 1980s and early 1990s and FreeBSD developer between 1994 and 2003, began working on DragonFly BSD in Ju ...

has had NetBSD's Bluetooth implementation since 1.11 (2008), first released with . * A

netgraph netgraph is the graph based kernel networking subsystem of FreeBSD since 3.4 and DragonFly BSD since the fork from FreeBSD. Netgraph provides support for L2TP, PPTP, ATM, bluetooth using a modular set of nodes that are the graph. Netgraph has ...

-based implementation from

has also been available in the tree since 2008, dating to an import of

from the FreeBSD 7 timeframe into DragonFly, but was possibly disabled until 2014-11-15, and may still require more work.

Linux

BlueALSA

''BlueALSA'' is a Bluetooth audio ALSA backend that allows the use of Bluetooth-connected audio devices without the use of

PulseAudio PulseAudio is a network-capable sound server program distributed via the freedesktop.org project. It runs mainly on Linux, various BSD distributions such as FreeBSD and OpenBSD, macOS, as well as Illumos distributions and the Solaris operating ...

PipeWire PipeWire is a server for handling audio, video streams, and hardware on Linux. It was created by Wim Taymans at Red Hat. It handles multimedia routing and pipeline processing. History In 2015, Taymans started work on PipeWire. It was based on ...

BlueZ

''BlueZ'', initially developed by

Qualcomm Qualcomm () is an American multinational corporation headquartered in San Diego, California, and incorporated in Delaware. It creates semiconductors, software, and services related to wireless technology. It owns patents critical to the 5G, 4 ...

, is a Bluetooth stack, included with the official

Linux kernel The Linux kernel is a free and open-source, monolithic, modular, multitasking, Unix-like operating system kernel. It was originally authored in 1991 by Linus Torvalds for his i386-based PC, and it was soon adopted as the kernel for the GNU ope ...

distributions, for

-based family of operating systems. Its goal is to program an implementation of the Bluetooth wireless standards specifications for Linux. As of 2006, the BlueZ stack supports all core Bluetooth protocols and layers. It was initially developed by

, and is available for

versions 2.4.6 and up. In addition to the basic stack, the bluez-utils and bluez-firmware packages contain low level utilities such as dfutool which can interrogate the Bluetooth adapter chipset to determine whether its firmware can be upgraded. BlueZ is licensed under the

GNU General Public License The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or simply GPL) is a series of widely used free software licenses that guarantee end users the Four Freedoms (Free software), four freedoms to run, study, share, and modify the software. The license was th ...

(GPL), but reported to be on its way toward switching to the

GNU Lesser General Public License The GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) is a free-software license published by the Free Software Foundation (FSF). The license allows developers and companies to use and integrate a software component released under the LGPL into their own ...

(LGPL). hidd is the Bluetooth

human interface device A human interface device or HID is a type of computer device usually used by humans that takes input from humans and gives output to humans. The term "HID" most commonly refers to the USB-HID specification. The term was coined by Mike Van Fl ...

(HID)

daemon Daimon or Daemon (Ancient Greek: , "god", "godlike", "power", "fate") originally referred to a lesser deity or guiding spirit such as the daimons of ancient Greek religion and mythology and of later Hellenistic religion and philosophy. The word ...

BlueDroid/Fluoride

Android switched from BlueZ to its own ''BlueDroid'' stack, created by

Broadcom Broadcom Inc. is an American designer, developer, manufacturer and global supplier of a wide range of semiconductor and infrastructure software products. Broadcom's product offerings serve the data center, networking, software, broadband, wirel ...

, in late 2012. BlueDroid has been since been renamed Fluoride. Marcel Holtmann from the Intel Open Source Technology Center, claimed that Google made a poor choice in switching to BlueDroid, during a presentation for ''BlueZ for Android'' at the Android Builders Summit in 2014.

Gabeldorsche

With Android 13, Google by default enabled the newly developed Bluetooth stack ''Gabeldorsche''. The name ''Gabeldorsche'' very indirectly relates to

Sweyn Forkbeard Sweyn Forkbeard ( non, Sveinn Haraldsson tjúguskegg ; da, Svend Tveskæg; 17 April 963 – 3 February 1014) was King of Denmark from 986 to 1014, also at times King of the English and King of Norway. He was the father of King Harald II of D ...

, the son and successor of

Harald Bluetooth Harald "Bluetooth" Gormsson ( non, Haraldr Blátǫnn Gormsson; da, Harald Blåtand Gormsen, died c. 985/86) was a king of Denmark and Norway. He was the son of King Gorm the Old and of Thyra Dannebod. Harald ruled as king of Denmark from c. 95 ...

Mac OS X

Since version 10.2,

Apple Inc. Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, United States. Apple is the largest technology company by revenue (totaling in 2021) and, as of June 2022, is the world's biggest company b ...

Mac OS X macOS (; previously OS X and originally Mac OS X) is a Unix operating system developed and marketed by Apple Inc. since 2001. It is the primary operating system for Apple's Mac (computer), Mac computers. Within the market of ...

has contained an integrated Bluetooth stack. Included profiles are DUN, SPP, FAX, HID, HSP, SYNC, PAN, BPP and OBEX. Version 10.5 adds support for A2DP and AVRCP.

Windows

Microsoft Bluetooth Stack

Prior to Windows 8, the Microsoft Bluetooth Stack only supports external or integrated Bluetooth dongles attached through

USB Universal Serial Bus (USB) is an industry standard that establishes specifications for cables, connectors and protocols for connection, communication and power supply (interfacing) between computers, peripherals and other computers. A broad v ...

. It does not support Bluetooth radio connections over

PCI PCI may refer to: Business and economics * Payment card industry, businesses associated with debit, credit, and other payment cards ** Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard, a set of security requirements for credit card processors * Pro ...

I²C I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit, ), alternatively known as I2C or IIC, is a synchronous, multi-controller/multi-target (master/slave), packet switched, single-ended, serial communication bus invented in 1982 by Philips Semiconductors. It is wide ...

, serial,

PC Card In computing, PC Card is a configuration for computer parallel communication peripheral interface, designed for laptop computers. Originally introduced as PCMCIA, the PC Card standard as well as its successors like CardBus were defined and devel ...

or other interfaces. It also only supports a single Bluetooth radio. Windows 8 has an extensible transport model allowing support for Bluetooth radios on non-USB buses. Generally, only a single stack can be used at any time: switching usually requires uninstalling the current stack, although a trace of previous stacks remains in the Windows registry. However, there are some cases where two stacks can be used on the same Microsoft Windows system, each using their own separate Bluetooth radio hardware. Windows versions: *

Windows 2000 Windows 2000 is a major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft and oriented towards businesses. It was the direct successor to Windows NT 4.0, and was Software release life cycle#Release to manufacturing (RTM), releas ...

Windows ME Windows Millennium Edition, or Windows Me (marketed with the pronunciation of the pronoun "me"), is an operating system developed by Microsoft as part of its Windows 9x family of Microsoft Windows operating systems. It is the successor to Windo ...

: Microsoft has not released an official Bluetooth stack for these old Windows versions. *

Windows Embedded Compact Windows Embedded Compact, formerly Windows Embedded CE, Windows Powered and Windows CE, is an operating system subfamily developed by Microsoft as part of its Windows Embedded family of products. Unlike Windows Embedded Standard, which is base ...

(formerly Windows CE) supports UART, USB, SDIO, and BCSP connections. Third party stacks can also be installed on Windows CE devices, including Widcomm, BlueSoleil and Toshiba, depending on the embedded device and which version of the OS is installed. *

Windows XP Windows XP is a major release of Microsoft's Windows NT operating system. It was released to manufacturing on August 24, 2001, and later to retail on October 25, 2001. It is a direct upgrade to its predecessors, Windows 2000 for high-end and ...

had a built-in Bluetooth stack starting with the Service Pack 2 update, released on 2004-08-06. Windows XP SP2 and SP3 support Bluetooth 1.1 (but not 1.0), Bluetooth 2.0 and Bluetooth 2.0+EDR (Enhanced Data Rate). * Windows XP SP1 : Microsoft released a QFE of its Bluetooth stack (labelled as QFE323183) to install onto Windows XP Service Pack 1. Microsoft only released this directly to third-party companies and did not directly release it to the public. The third-party companies were then allowed to release the QFE as part of their own Bluetooth device's software installation. Microsoft no longer supports this QFE. * The

Windows Vista Windows Vista is a major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft. It was the direct successor to Windows XP, which was released five years before, at the time being the longest time span between successive releases of ...

Bluetooth stack is improved, with support for more hardware IDs, EDR performance improvements, ''Adaptive frequency hopping'' for Wi-Fi co-existence, and ''Synchronous Connection Oriented'' (SCO) protocol support which is needed for audio profiles. The Windows Vista Bluetooth stack supports a kernel mode

device driver interface In computing, a device driver is a computer program that operates or controls a particular type of Peripheral, device that is attached to a computer or automaton. A driver provides a software Interface (computing), interface to Computer hardware, ...

besides the user-mode programming interface, which enables third parties to add support for additional Bluetooth Profiles. This was lacking in the Windows XP Service Pack 2 built-in Bluetooth stack, which had to be entirely replaced by a third-party stack for additional profile support. It also provides RFCOMM support using sockets besides virtual COM ports. KB942567 called Windows Vista Feature Pack for Wireless adds Bluetooth 2.1+EDR support and remote wake from S3 or S4 support for self-powered Bluetooth modules. This feature pack while initially only available to OEMs, was eventually included in Windows Vista Service Pack 2. *

Windows 7 Windows 7 is a major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft. It was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009, and became generally available on October 22, 2009. It is the successor to Windows Vista, released nearly ...

supports Bluetooth 2.1+EDR (like Windows Vista). Windows 7 introduces ''Secure Simple Pairing'', ''Extended Inquiry Response'' and other UI and USB Bluetooth radio installation improvements. Secure Simple Pairing auto determines the best pairing method, Extended Inquiry Response provides more information during the inquiry procedure to allow better filtering of devices before connection. In Windows 7, Bluetooth device settings have been moved to ''Devices and Printers'' from the Control Panel applet. *

Windows 8 Windows 8 is a major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft. It was Software release life cycle#Release to manufacturing (RTM), released to manufacturing on August 1, 2012; it was subsequently made available for downl ...

expands its Bluetooth stack with support for Bluetooth 4.0 which includes Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). *

Windows 8.1 Windows 8.1 is a release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft. It was released to manufacturing on August 27, 2013, and broadly released for retail sale on October 17, 2013, about a year after the retail release of its pre ...

added developer APIs for Bluetooth Low Energy (GATT) and RFCOMM. *

Windows 10 Windows 10 is a major release of Microsoft's Windows NT operating system. It is the direct successor to Windows 8.1, which was released nearly two years earlier. It was released to manufacturing on July 15, 2015, and later to retail on J ...

converged the

Windows Phone Windows Phone (WP) is a discontinued family of mobile operating systems developed by Microsoft for smartphones as the replacement successor to Windows Mobile and Zune. Windows Phone featured a new user interface derived from the Metro design la ...

and Windows Bluetooth stacks. Note : The Windows XP/Vista Windows Vista/Windows 7 Bluetooth stack supports the following Bluetooth profiles natively: PANU, SPP, DUN, OPP, OBEX, HID, HCRP. Windows 8 adds support for HFP, A2DP, and AVRCP Profiles. The Windows 7/Vista/8/10 stack provides kernel-mode and user-mode APIs for its Bluetooth stack- so hardware and software vendors can implement additional profiles. Windows 10 (Version 1803) and later support Bluetooth version 5.0 and several Bluetooth profiles.

Broadcom WIDCOMM (BTW)

WIDCOMM was the first Bluetooth stack for the

Windows Windows is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families developed and marketed by Microsoft. Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry. For example, Windows NT for consumers, Windows Server for serv ...

operating system. The stack was initially developed by a company named WIDCOMM Inc., which was acquired by

Broadcom Corporation Broadcom Corporation is an American fabless semiconductor company that makes products for the wireless and broadband communication industry. It was acquired by Avago Technologies in 2016 and operates as a wholly owned subsidiary of the merged ...

in April 2004. Broadcom continues to

license A license (or licence) is an official permission or permit to do, use, or own something (as well as the document of that permission or permit). A license is granted by a party (licensor) to another party (licensee) as an element of an agreeme ...

the stack for inclusion with many Bluetooth-powered

end-user In product development, an end user (sometimes end-user) is a person who ultimately uses or is intended to ultimately use a product. The end user stands in contrast to users who support or maintain the product, such as sysops, system administrat ...

devices like Qualcomm Atheros, Realtek, Ralink. An API is available for interacting with the stack from a custom application. For developers there is also a utility named ''BTServer Spy Lite'' bundled with the stack (some vendor-tied versions excluded) which monitors Bluetooth activity on the stack at a very low level — although the category and level of trace is configurable. This stack also allows use of RFCOMM without creating a virtual serial port in the operating system.

Toshiba Bluetooth Stack

In 2001,

Toshiba , commonly known as Toshiba and stylized as TOSHIBA, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Its diversified products and services include power, industrial and social infrastructure system ...

first announced a notebook design that would integrate a Bluetooth antenna inside the lid. Toshiba then went on to release the first two notebook models to offer dual Bluetooth/

Wi-Fi Wi-Fi () is a family of wireless network protocols, based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, which are commonly used for local area networking of devices and Internet access, allowing nearby digital devices to exchange data by radio wave ...

integration. Toshiba has created its own Bluetooth stack for use on Microsoft Windows. Toshiba licenses their stack to other

original equipment manufacturer An original equipment manufacturer (OEM) is generally perceived as a company that produces non-aftermarket parts and equipment that may be marketed by another manufacturer. It is a common industry term recognized and used by many professional or ...

s (OEM) and has shipped with some

Fujitsu Siemens Fujitsu Siemens Computers GmbH was a Japanese and Germany, German vendor of information technology. The company was founded in 1999 as a 50/50 joint venture between Fujitsu, Fujitsu Limited of Japan and Siemens of Germany. On April 1, 2009, the c ...

, ASUS,

Dell Dell is an American based technology company. It develops, sells, repairs, and supports computers and related products and services. Dell is owned by its parent company, Dell Technologies. Dell sells personal computers (PCs), servers, data ...

and

Sony , commonly stylized as SONY, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. As a major technology company, it operates as one of the world's largest manufacturers of consumer and professional ...

laptops. A

non-disclosure agreement A non-disclosure agreement (NDA) is a legal contract or part of a contract between at least two parties that outlines confidential material, knowledge, or information that the parties wish to share with one another for certain purposes, but wish ...

must be signed to obtain the

API An application programming interface (API) is a way for two or more computer programs to communicate with each other. It is a type of software Interface (computing), interface, offering a service to other pieces of software. A document or standa ...

. The Toshiba stack is also available with certain non-OEM Bluetooth accessories such as USB Bluetooth dongles and PCMCIA cards from various vendors. The Toshiba stack supports one of the more comprehensive list of Bluetooth profiles including: SPP,

DUN A dun is an ancient or medieval fort. In Ireland and Britain it is mainly a kind of hillfort and also a kind of Atlantic roundhouse. Etymology The term comes from Irish language, Irish ''dún'' or Scottish Gaelic ''dùn'' (meaning "fort"), ...

FAX Fax (short for facsimile), sometimes called telecopying or telefax (the latter short for telefacsimile), is the telephonic transmission of scanned printed material (both text and images), normally to a telephone number connected to a printer o ...

LAP A lap is a surface (usually horizontal) created between the knee and hips of a biped when it is in a seated or lying down position. The lap of a parent or loved one is seen as a physically and psychologically comfortable place for a child to ...

, OPP,

FTP The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard communication protocol used for the transfer of computer files from a server to a client on a computer network. FTP is built on a client–server model architecture using separate control and data ...

, HID, HDP, HCRP, PAN, BIP, HSP, HFP (including Skype support),

A2DP In order to use Bluetooth, a device must be compatible with the subset of Bluetooth ''profiles'' (often called services or functions) necessary to use the desired services. A Bluetooth profile is a specification regarding an aspect of Bluetooth-b ...

AVRCP In order to use Bluetooth, a device must be compatible with the subset of Bluetooth ''profiles'' (often called services or functions) necessary to use the desired services. A Bluetooth profile is a specification regarding an aspect of Bluetooth-b ...

. The latest version of the Toshiba stack i
9.20.02(T)
released on 30 September 2016.

CSR Harmony

In 2010

CSR plc CSR plc (formerly Cambridge Silicon Radio) was a multinational fabless semiconductor company headquartered in Cambridge, United Kingdom. Its main products were connectivity, audio, imaging and location chips. CSR was listed on the London Stoc ...

(formerly Cambridge Silicon Radio) created its own Bluetooth stack. It was based on CSR Synergy BT host stack. CSR was acquired by

in August 2015.

IVT BlueSoleil (1000Moons)

BlueSoleil BlueSoleil is a Bluetooth software/driver for Microsoft Windows, Linux and Windows CE. It supports Bluetooth chipsets from CSR, Broadcom, Marvell etc. Bluetooth dongles, PCs, Laptops, PDAs, PNDs and UMPCs are sometimes bundled with a vers ...

(marketed a
1000Moons
in

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

) is a product of IVT Corporation, which produces stacks for embedded devices and desktop systems. The stack is available in both standard and VOIP versions. It supports the profiles A2DP, DUN, FAX, HFP, HSP, LAP, OBEX, OPP, PAN, SPP, AV, BIP, FTP, HID and SYNC. An SDK for third-party application developers is available for non-commercial use at th
BlueSoleil download site
but this API will only work with the non-free version of the stack, BlueSoleil 6.4 and above. As of April 2018, the latest version of the global BlueSoleil stack is 10.0.497.0, released on 8 January 2018. The Chinese 1000Moons stack is at versio

released on 9 January 2018.

AVM BlueFRITZ!

BlueFRITZ! was the stack supplied with the USB Bluetooth dongles from the German manufacturer

AVM GmbH AVM is a consumer electronics company founded in 1986 in Berlin, Germany. The company produces communications, networking devices such as DSL, ISDN, Wireless and VoIP products. It had sales of €580 million in 2020 with 840 employees. It is we ...

. It supported the profiles SPP, DUN, FTP, FAX and some more. HID was not supported. This stack could be switched into a mode where it is off and the Microsoft stack is used instead. Development of this stack has been aborted.

Digianswer BTSWS

Digianswer was a subsidiary of

Motorola, Inc. Motorola, Inc. () was an American multinational telecommunications company based in Schaumburg, Illinois, United States. After having lost $4.3 billion from 2007 to 2009, the company split into two independent public companies, Motorola ...

since 1999. Digianswer Bluetooth Software Suite (BTSWS) was marketed and sold through

OEM An original equipment manufacturer (OEM) is generally perceived as a company that produces non-aftermarket parts and equipment that may be marketed by another manufacturer. It is a common industry term recognized and used by many professional or ...

customers such as

Motorola Motorola, Inc. () was an American Multinational corporation, multinational telecommunications company based in Schaumburg, Illinois, United States. After having lost $4.3 billion from 2007 to 2009, the company split into two independent p ...

and IBM, which bundled

PCMCIA The Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) was a group of computer hardware manufacturers, operating under that name from 1989 to 2009. Starting with the PCMCIA card in 1990 (the name later simplified to ''PC Card''), i ...

and

products together with BTSWS. The product has been available since August 2000.

Embedded implementations

Apache Mynewt NimBLE

Apache Mynewt NimBLE is a full-featured,

open source Open source is source code that is made freely available for possible modification and redistribution. Products include permission to use the source code, design documents, or content of the product. The open-source model is a decentralized sof ...

Bluetooth Low Energy 4.2 and 5.0 protocol stack written in C for

embedded system An embedded system is a computer system—a combination of a computer processor, computer memory, and input/output peripheral devices—that has a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electronic system. It is ''embedded'' as ...

s. NimBLE is one of the most complete protocol stacks, supporting 5.0 features including high data rate and extended advertising. The implementation supports all layers of the Bluetooth protocol. The first ports for the Controller part are to

nRF51 series The nRF51 Series SoCs are a family of ultra low-power wireless SoCs from Nordic Semiconductor. The nRF51 series are designed to enable a wide range of wireless embedded systems and consumer electronic products in many different fields of wireles ...

and nRF52 SoCs from Nordic Semiconductor. NimBLE also supports standard HCI interfaces to work with controllers, including ST, Dialog and Em Micro chipsets. It leverages the open source Apache Mynewt OS which is designed to support multiple microcontroller architectures. NimBLE can also run with FreeRTOS and is portable to other real-time operating systems. The implementation allows for the Mynewt NimBLE Controller part to be used with a non-Mynewt NimBLE Host.

BlueCode+

BlueCode+ is the portable higher layer Bluetooth protocol stack from Stollmann E+V GmbH. BlueCode+ 4.0 is qualified to Bluetooth version 3.0. The protocol stack is chipset and operating system independent and supports any Bluetooth HCI chips available. The APIs offer control of the profiles and stack functions, as well as direct access to lower level functions. BlueCode+ 4.0 supports the protocols L2CAP, eL2CAP, RFCOMM, SDP Server and Client, MCAP, HCI-Host Side and AVDTP. Supported profiles are Generic Access (GAP), Service Discovery Application (SDAP), Serial Port Profile (SPP), Health Device Profile (HDP), Device Identification Profile (DID), Dial-up Networking (DUN), Fax, Headset (HSP), Handsfree (HFP), SIM Access (SAP), Phone Book Access (PBAP), Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP), Audio/Video Remote Control (AVRCP) and OBEX. The stack has been ported to a wide range of different microcontrollers and operating systems.

BlueCore Host Software (BCHS) a.k.a. CSR Synergy

CSR's BCHS or BlueCore Host Software (now called CSR Synergy) provides the upper layers of the Bluetooth protocol stack (above HCI, or optionally RFCOMM) - plus a large library of Profiles — providing a complete system software solution for embedded BlueCore applications. Current qualified Profiles available with BCHS: A2DP, AVRCP, PBAP, BIP, BPP, CTP, DUN, FAX, FM API, FTP GAP, GAVDP, GOEP, HCRP, Headset, HF1.5, HID, ICP, JSR82, LAP Message Access Profile, OPP, PAN, SAP, SDAP, SPP, SYNC, SYNC ML.

Bluelet

Bluelet is a portable embedded Bluetooth protocol stack o
Barrot Technology Limited
with efficient, reliable, and small features. Bluelet is perfectly compatible with BREDR/LE profiles. Bluelet can easily be ported to different platforms, i.e., Linux, RTOS, Android. This offering includes the latest full implementation of Bluetooth 5.3 host using ANSI C, implementing all LE Audio Profiles / Services(BAP,PACS,ASCS,BASS; CSIP/CSIS; CCP/TBS; MCP/MCS; MICP/MICS; VCP/VCS/VOCS/AICS; TMAP,HAP/HAS; CAP) and the MESH stack.

BlueMagic

BlueMagic 3.0 is Qualcomm's (formerly Open Interface North America's) highly portable embedded Bluetooth protocol stack which powers Apple's iPhone and Qualcomm-powered devices such as the Motorola RAZR. BlueMagic also ships in products by Logitech, Samsung, LG, Sharp, Sagem, and more. BlueMagic 3.0 was the first fully certified (all protocols and profiles) Bluetooth protocol stack at the 1.1 level.

Blue SDK

OpenSynergy's Bluetooth Protocol Stack (Blue SDK) currently provides A2DP, AVRCP, VDP, BIP, BPP, CTN, FTP, GPP, HFP, HSP, HCRP, HDP, HID, MAP, OPP, PAN, PBAP, SAP, DUN, FAX, DID, GATT profiles. It is licensed by the Bluetooth™ Special Interest Group (SIG) and meets the standards of safety and security expected in automotive-grade products. Bluetooth™ Software Development Kit (Blue SDK) can easily be integrated into any operating system. It supports both BR/EDR (Classic) and Low Energy operations, classic profiles and low energy profiles use the same underlying protocol stack software.

Bluetopia

Bluetopia is Stonestreet One's implementation of the upper layers of the Bluetooth protocol stack above the HCI interface and has been qualified to version 4.0 and earlier versions of the Bluetooth specification. The Application Programming Interface (API) provides access to all of the upper-layer protocols and profiles and can interface directly to the most popular Bluetooth chips from Broadcom, CSR, TI, and others. Bluetopia has been ported to multiple operating systems such as Windows Mobile/Windows CE, Linux, QNX, Nucleus, uCOS, ThreadX, NetBSD, and others. Bluetopia is currently shipping in devices from companies such as Motorola, Kodak, Honeywell, Garmin, VTech, and Harris. Stonestreet One was acquired by Qualcomm in 2014. Texas Instruments provides its version of the Bluetopia stack for use with TI Bluetooth chips.

BlueWiseLE

BlueWiseLE is the ''Bluetooth® Low Energy'' certified protocol stack software product from Alpwise. It includes the Link Layer and also the Host stack (i.e. upper layers above the HCI). The Link Layer controls the radio and the timing of the Bluetooth® communication in three possible chipset configurations: SoC, co-processor or HCI. Several proprietary BLE profiles are also available including Voice over BLE and Firmware update Over the Air (FOTA).

ClarinoxBlue

Bluetooth host subsystem product of Clarinox Technologies. Support for Windows 7/8/10, WinCE, Linux/AGL Linux, Android, AutoSAR, Integrity, SafeRTOS, QNX, µITRON, FreeRTOS, µC/OS, Azure RTOS ThreadX, Nucleus, MQX, RTX, embOS, TI-RTOS, DSP/BIOS, eCos and µ-velOSity. Qualified for Bluetooth specification 5.2,5.0 and all previous specifications includes all Classic profiles/protocols and LE profiles/services including BT & LE Audio. ClarinoxBlue supports HCI transport for SDIO, UART 3-Wire, UART-BCSP, UART-H4, USB. The stack has been ported to many CPU and MCU families including NXP i.MX6/i.MX7/i.MX8/i.MX RT, Kinetis K6x/7x, LPC 18xx/43xx/54xxx STMicro; STM32F4x, STM32H7, STM32WB55, STM32MP157; Texas Instruments TI MSP432, DSP 5xxx, OMAP/Davinci, Tiva TM4C123x, Sitara 3xxx; Renesas Synergy S5/S7, RH850, R-Car M3/H3; Xilinx PowerPC, soft core SPARC LEON. ClarinoxBlue Bluetooth host system is provided with ClariFi debug tool, in-built protocol analyzer, supports faster debugging of complex wireless devices. ClariFi offers threading, memory usage, memory leak analysis and audio analysis to support the tuning of applications and aid in the communication of issues.

dotstack

dotstack, a dual mode Bluetooth stack by SEARAN, is a good fit for low cost and low power embedded devices, tested with iPhone (uses SEARAN's IAP), Android and other mobile platforms. dotstack™ is qualified as V2.1 + EDR, V4.1, V4.2 and 5.0 ready, with SPP, GAP, HID, Headset, HFP, FTP, HDP, PBAP, Simple Secure Pairing, A2DP, AVRCP, PAN, MAP, BLE (GATT) with ANP/ANS, FMP, HIDS, HOGP, PASP/PASS, PXP, TIP, BAS, DIS, IAS, LLS, TPS, ANCS, BLP/BLS, GP, HTP, HRP/HRS. dotstack is ported to platforms from, ST Micro (STM32L1/4, STM32F0/1/2/3/4), Microchip (PIC24, dsPIC, PIC32), NXP (LPC), Energy Micro (EFM32), TI (MSP430, C5000 etc.), Renesas (RX, SH-2A, M2 ARM Cortex A15, R-Car), and tested with Bluetooth RF controllers, CSR8811/8311/8510, BlueCore 4 & 6, TI CC2560/2564, Intel/Infineon PMB8753, Marvell Avastar 88w8777, 88W8790, Toshiba TC35661, Microchip/ISSC IS1662. dotstack has FreeRTOS, uOS, Linux, Android, QNX, MQX, ThreadX, and no RTOS integration. Min RAM requirement for SPP 3KB with RTOS and app.

EtherMind stack

EtherMind
from MINDTREE Ltd is a BT-SIG qualified Bluetooth Stack and Profile IP offering. Mindtree's EtherMind Stack supports all popular versions of Bluetooth specifications (2.1+EDR, v4.0, v4.1, v4.2, 5.0, 5.1 and 5.2) and includes all mandatory and optional features of the core stack and all the adopted profiles are supported as part of EtherMind. The stack supports the latest adopted version of 23 Bluetooth Classic Profiles such as A2DP, AVRCP, etc.; and 54 Bluetooth Low Energy Profiles & Services such as Location and Navigation Profile, Weight Scale Profile/Service, etc. The offering includes the latest

Mesh A mesh is a barrier made of connected strands of metal, fiber, or other flexible or ductile materials. A mesh is similar to a web or a net in that it has many attached or woven strands. Types * A plastic mesh may be extruded, oriented, ex ...

and

IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol (IP), the communication protocol, communications protocol that provides an identification and location system for computers on networks and routes traffic ...

Stack over Bluetooth Smart capabilities.

Jungo BTware

Jungo Jungo Connectivity is an Israeli software company that specializes in driver monitoring system (DMS) software and device driver development. History Jungo Connectivity was founded in 2013 as an automotive software divestiture from Cisco Systems. ...

's Bluetooth Protocol Stack BTware allows device manufacturers to easily incorporate standard Bluetooth connectivity in their designs, including mobile handsets,

automotive infotainment In-car entertainment (ICE), or in-vehicle infotainment (IVI), is a collection of hardware and software in automobiles that provides audio or video entertainment. In car entertainment originated with car audio systems that consisted of radios and c ...

systems, set top boxes and medical devices. BTware supports standard HCI as well as proprietary HCI. Supported protocols: L2CAP, RFCOMM, AVDTP, AVCTP, BNEP, MCAP. Supported profiles: GAP, A2DP, AVRCP, HSP, HFP, SPP, DUN, HID, PAN, HDP, PBAP, OPP, FTP, MAP and others. Jungo has discontinued distributing BTware.

lwBT

lwBT is an

lightweight Bluetooth protocol stack for

s by blue-machines. It acts as a network interface for the lwIP protocol stack. It supports some Bluetooth protocols and layers, such as the H4 and BCSP UART layers. Supported higher layers include: HCI,

L2CAP The wireless data exchange standard Bluetooth uses a variety of protocol (computing), protocols. Core protocols are defined by the trade organization Bluetooth SIG. Additional protocols have been adopted from other standards bodies. This article ...

, SDP, BNEP, RFCOMM and PPP. The supported profiles are: PAN (NAP, GN, PANU), LAP, DUN and Serial Port. lwBT has been ported to the Renesas

M16C is a Japanese semiconductor manufacturer headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, initially incorporated in 2002 as Renesas Technology, the consolidated entity of the semiconductor units of Hitachi and Mitsubishi excluding their dynamic random-access ...

, used on th
Mulle platform
line of microcontrollers, and Linux as well as Windows. The source code was also available for use. A fork of lwBT can be found in the

GitHub GitHub, Inc. () is an Internet hosting service for software development and version control using Git. It provides the distributed version control of Git plus access control, bug tracking, software feature requests, task management, continuous ...

repository because Googlecode is gone.

Mecel/Aricent Betula

Mecel Mecel is a software and systems consulting firm, specializing in the automotive industry. The company has offices in Gothenburg and has approximately 120 employees. History Mecel was founded in Sweden in 1982 by Jan Nytomt and Hasse Johansso ...

Betula is aAd x86 compatible. It also ported to a wide range of operating systems, such as

Linux Linux ( or ) is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged as a Linux distribution, which ...

, Android or running without or with a custom OS. It has support for Bluetooth version 4.0, including the new Bluetooth Low Energy. Supported profiles are HSP, DUN, FAX, HFP, PBAP, MAP, OPP, FTP, BIP, BPP, SYNC, GAVDP, A2DP, AVRCP, HID, SAP, PAN.

Silvair Mesh Stack

Silvair Mesh Stack is an implementation of Bluetooth MESH profile and Models, developed primarily for

Smart lighting A lighting control system is an intelligent network based lighting control solution that incorporates communication between various system inputs and outputs related to lighting control with the use of one or more central computing devices. Light ...

applications. Apart from core mesh node features it implements Light Lightness Server model, Light Controller model and Sensor Server model so that it may be used to build dimming luminaires and

daylight harvesting Daylight harvesting systems use daylight to offset the amount of electric lighting needed to properly light a space, in order to reduce energy consumption. This is accomplished using lighting control systems that are able to dim or switch electri ...

sensors. It provides PWM/ output for direct dimming control and

UART A universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter (UART ) is a computer hardware device for asynchronous serial communication in which the data format and transmission speeds are configurable. It sends data bits one by one, from the least significan ...

interface for integration purposes. DALI output is marked as planned. Silvair Mesh Stack has been qualified by

Bluetooth SIG The Bluetooth Special Interest Group (Bluetooth SIG) is the standards organization that oversees the development of Bluetooth standards and the licensing of the Bluetooth technologies and trademarks to manufacturers. The SIG is a not-for-profit ...

on 2017-07-18 with QDID 98880, as a first Bluetooth mesh node implementation.

SurfBlue

Siemens' implementation of the blue2net access point.

Symbian OS

Symbian OS Symbian is a discontinued mobile operating system (OS) and computing platform designed for smartphones. It was originally developed as a proprietary software OS for personal digital assistants in 1998 by the Symbian Ltd. consortium. Symbian ...

was an operating system for mobile phones, which includes a Bluetooth stack. All phones based on

Nokia Nokia Corporation (natively Nokia Oyj, referred to as Nokia) is a Finnish multinational corporation, multinational telecommunications industry, telecommunications, technology company, information technology, and consumer electronics corporatio ...

S60 platform The S60 Platform (formerly Series 60 User Interface) was a platform (computing), software platform for Mobile app, smartphones that runs on top of the Symbian operating system. It was created by Nokia based on the 'Pearl' user interface from S ...

and

UIQ Technology UIQ Technology AB was a Swedish company that developed and licensed the UIQ software based on Symbian OS which was used in smartphone offerings from Sony Ericsson, Motorola, BenQ and Arima. They were based in the Soft Center Science & Research ...

's UIQ platform use this stack. The Symbian Bluetooth stack runs in

user space A modern computer operating system usually segregates virtual memory into user space and kernel space. Primarily, this separation serves to provide memory protection and hardware protection from malicious or errant software behaviour. Kernel ...

rather than kernel space, and has public APIs for L2CAP, RFCOMM, SDP, AVRCP, etc. Profiles supported in the OS include GAP, OBEX, SPP, AVRCP, GAVDP, PAN and PBAP. Additional profiles supported in the OS + S60 platform combination include A2DP, HSP, HFP1.5, FTP, OPP, BIP, DUN, SIM access and device ID.https://www.bluetooth.hrc.ac.in

Zephyr Project

The Zephyr Project RTOS includes a complete,

Bluetooth Low Energy 5.0 protocol stack written in C for

s. It contains both a BLE Controller and a BLE and BR/EDR capable Host running on

nRF51 Series The nRF51 Series SoCs are a family of ultra low-power wireless SoCs from Nordic Semiconductor. The nRF51 series are designed to enable a wide range of wireless embedded systems and consumer electronic products in many different fields of wireles ...

and nRF52 SoCs from Nordic Semiconductor.

References

External links

Network overview by Rami Rosen
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bluetooth Stack Bluetooth Bluetooth software