Blastocrithidia Papi
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''Blastocrithidia'' is a genus of parasitic flagellate protist belonging to the family Trypanosomatidae. It is a
monoxenous Monoxenous development, or monoxeny, characterizes a parasite whose development is restricted to a single host species. The etymology of the terms monoxeny / monoxenous derives from the two ancient Greek words (), meaning "unique", and (), m ...
parasite of heteropteran insects, mainly inhabiting their hindgut and glands.


Characteristics

In addition to ''Blastocrithidia'', one-host trypanosomatids from hemipteran and
dipteran Flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwings having evolved into advanced m ...
insects have been traditionally placed in genera '' Crithidia'', ''
Leptomonas ''Leptomonas'' is a genus of parasitic flagellate protist belonging to family Trypanosomatidae and subfamily Leishmaniinae sensu Maslov & Lukeš 2012. It is a monoxenous parasite of mainly Hemiptera, Diptera, and Siphonaptera insects. In add ...
'', '' Herpetomonas'', '' Rhynchoidomonas'', and '' Wallaceina''. ''Blastocrithidia'' is characterized by epimastigote morphological forms, whereas opisthomastigotes and endomastigotes are exclusive features of the genera ''Herpetomonas'' and ''Wallaceina'', respectively. ''Blastocrithidia'' is also able to produce resistant cysts.


Systematics

The
etymology Etymology ()The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p. 633 "Etymology /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the study of the class in words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time". is the study of the history of the Phonological chan ...
of the genus name ''Blastocrithidia'' derives from the two
Ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic p ...
words (), meaning "sprout, scion, child or descendant", and (), meaning "small grain of barley". The genus includes the following species. * ''
Blastocrithidia caliroae ''Blastocrithidia'' is a genus of parasitic flagellate protist belonging to the family Trypanosomatidae. It is a monoxenous parasite of heteropteran insects, mainly inhabiting their hindgut and glands. Characteristics In addition to ''Blast ...
'' Lipa, Carl & Valentine 1977 * ''
Blastocrithidia cyrtomeni ''Blastocrithidia'' is a genus of parasitic flagellate protist belonging to the family Trypanosomatidae. It is a monoxenous parasite of heteropteran insects, mainly inhabiting their hindgut and glands. Characteristics In addition to ''Blast ...
'' Caicedo et al. 2011 * ''
Blastocrithidia euschisti ''Blastocrithidia'' is a genus of parasitic flagellate protist belonging to the family Trypanosomatidae. It is a monoxenous parasite of heteropteran insects, mainly inhabiting their hindgut and glands. Characteristics In addition to ''Blast ...
'' Hanson & McGhee * ''
Blastocrithidia familiaris ''Blastocrithidia'' is a genus of parasitic flagellate protist belonging to the family Trypanosomatidae. It is a monoxenous parasite of heteropteran insects, mainly inhabiting their hindgut and glands. Characteristics In addition to ''Blast ...
'' Tieszen et al. 1986 * '' Blastocrithidia gerridis'' (Patton 1908) Laird * ''
Blastocrithidia largi ''Blastocrithidia'' is a genus of parasitic flagellate protist belonging to the family Trypanosomatidae. It is a monoxenous parasite of heteropteran insects, mainly inhabiting their hindgut and glands. Characteristics In addition to ''Blast ...
'' Maslov and Lukes 2010 * ''
Blastocrithidia leptocoridis ''Blastocrithidia'' is a genus of parasitic flagellate protist belonging to the family Trypanosomatidae. It is a monoxenous parasite of heteropteran insects, mainly inhabiting their hindgut and glands. Characteristics In addition to ''Blast ...
'' (McCulloch 1915) * ''
Blastocrithidia miridarum ''Blastocrithidia'' is a genus of parasitic flagellate protist belonging to the family Trypanosomatidae. It is a monoxenous parasite of heteropteran insects, mainly inhabiting their hindgut and glands. Characteristics In addition to ''Blast ...
'' Podlipaev & Frolov 1987 * '' Blastocrithidia papi'' Frolov and Kostygov, 2016 * '' Blastocrithidia raabei'' Lipa 1966 * '' Blastocrithidia triatomae'' Cerisola et al. 1971 * '' Blastocrithidia vagoi'' Tuzet & Laporte 1965 * '' Blastocrithidia nonstop'' Votýpka & Lukeš, sp. nov.


Genomics


Genetic code

''Blastocrithidia'' uses in its
nuclear genome Nuclear DNA (nDNA), or nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid, is the DNA contained within each cell nucleus of a eukaryotic organism. It encodes for the majority of the genome in eukaryotes, with mitochondrial DNA and plastid DNA coding for the rest. I ...
an alternative genetic code characterized by all three canonical
stop codon In molecular biology (specifically protein biosynthesis), a stop codon (or termination codon) is a codon (nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA) that signals the termination of the translation process of the current protein. Most codons in mess ...
s reassigned to sense codons.


References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q9174253 Trypanosomatida Parasitic excavates Euglenozoa genera