Blandings Castle is a recurring
fictional location
Fictional locations are places that exist only in fiction and not in reality, such as the Negaverse or Planet X. Writers may create and describe such places to serve as backdrop for their fictional works. Fictional locations are also created for ...
in the stories of British comic writer
P. G. Wodehouse
Sir Pelham Grenville Wodehouse, ( ; 15 October 188114 February 1975) was an English author and one of the most widely read humorists of the 20th century. His creations include the feather-brained Bertie Wooster and his sagacious valet, Jeeve ...
, being the seat of
Lord Emsworth
Clarence Threepwood, 9th Earl Emsworth, commonly known as Lord Emsworth, is a recurring fictional character in the Blandings Castle series of stories by British comic writer P. G. Wodehouse. He is the amiable and somewhat absent-minded head of t ...
(Clarence Threepwood, 9th Earl of Emsworth), home to many of his family and the setting for numerous tales and adventures. The stories were written between 1915 and 1975.
The series of stories taking place at the castle, in its environs and involving its denizens have come to be known as the "Blandings books", or, in a phrase used by Wodehouse in his preface to the 1969 reprint of the first book, "the Blandings Castle Saga".
In a radio broadcast on 15 July 1961,
Evelyn Waugh
Arthur Evelyn St. John Waugh (; 28 October 1903 – 10 April 1966) was an English writer of novels, biographies, and travel books; he was also a prolific journalist and book reviewer. His most famous works include the early satires '' Decl ...
said: "The gardens of Blandings Castle are that original garden from which we are all exiled."
The Castle
Blandings Castle, lying in the picturesque
Vale of Blandings,
Shropshire
Shropshire (; alternatively Salop; abbreviated in print only as Shrops; demonym Salopian ) is a landlocked historic county in the West Midlands region of England. It is bordered by Wales to the west and the English counties of Cheshire to ...
, England, is from the town of
Market Blandings, home to at least nine pubs, most notably the
Emsworth Arms.
The tiny hamlet of
Blandings Parva lies directly outside the castle gates and the town of
Much Matchingham, home to
Matchingham Hall, the residence of
Sir Gregory Parsloe-Parsloe, is also nearby.
The castle is a noble pile, of Early
Tudor building ("its history is recorded in England's history books and
Viollet-le-Duc has written of its architecture", according to ''
Something Fresh
''Something Fresh'' is a novel by P. G. Wodehouse, first published as "Something New" in the United States, by D. Appleton & Company on 3 September 1915.McIlvaine, E., Sherby, L.S. and Heineman, J.H. (1990) ''P.G. Wodehouse: A comprehensive bi ...
''). One of England's largest
stately homes, it dominates the surrounding country, standing on a knoll of rising ground at the southern end of the celebrated Vale of Blandings; the
Severn
, name_etymology =
, image = SevernFromCastleCB.JPG
, image_size = 288
, image_caption = The river seen from Shrewsbury Castle
, map = RiverSevernMap.jpg
, map_size = 288
, map_c ...
gleams in the distance. From its noble battlements, the
Wrekin
The Wrekin is a hill in east Shropshire, England. It is located some five miles (8 km) west of Telford, on the border between the unitary authorities of Shropshire and Telford and Wrekin. Rising above the Shropshire Plain to a height of 4 ...
can be seen.
The famous moss-carpeted Yew Alley (subject to the devious gravelling schemes of Angus McAllister) leads to a small wood with a rough
gamekeeper
A gamekeeper (often abbreviated to keeper), or in case of those dealing with deer (deer-)stalker, is a person who manages an area of countryside (e.g. areas of woodland, moorland, waterway or farmland) to make sure there is enough game for s ...
's cottage, which
Psmith
Rupert Psmith (or Ronald Eustace Psmith, as he is called in the last of the four books in which he appears) is a recurring fictional character in several novels by British author P. G. Wodehouse, being one of Wodehouse's best-loved characters.
...
made use of, not to write poetry as he at first claimed, but to stash stolen jewellery. Another gamekeeper's cottage, in the West Wood, makes a pleasant home for the
Empress of Blandings
Empress of Blandings is a fictional pig, featured in many of the Blandings Castle novels and stories by P. G. Wodehouse. Owned by the doting Lord Emsworth, the Empress is an enormous black Berkshire sow, who wins many prizes in the "Fat Pigs" c ...
for a spell. The rose garden is another famous beauty spot, ideal for courting lovers. There is a lake, where Lord Emsworth often takes a brisk swim in the mornings.
The house has numerous guest rooms, many of which have not been used since
Queen Elizabeth roamed the country. Of those still in use, the Garden Room is the finest, usually given to the most prestigious guest; it has a balcony outside its French windows, which can be easily accessed via a handy drainpipe.
The main
library
A library is a collection of materials, books or media that are accessible for use and not just for display purposes. A library provides physical (hard copies) or digital access (soft copies) materials, and may be a physical location or a vir ...
has a smaller library leading off it, and windows overlooking some flowerbeds; it is here that Lord Emsworth is often to be found on wet days, his nose deep in an improving tome of country lore, his favourite being Whiffle on ''The Care of the Pig''.
Possible locations
There have been a number of attempts to identify a real building whose location Wodehouse might have used as the setting for the fictional Blandings Castle:
* In 1977,
Richard Usborne included a report by railway historian
Michael Cobb
Michael Roy Cobb (born 16 March 1945) is an Australian politician who represented the electorate of Parkes in the Australian House of Representatives from 1984 to 1998.
Before entering politics Cobb worked as a veterinary surgeon and ran a fa ...
in an appendix to the unfinished ''
Sunset at Blandings
''Sunset at Blandings'' is an unfinished novel by P. G. Wodehouse published in the United Kingdom by Chatto & Windus, London, on 17 November 1977 and in the United States by Simon & Schuster, New York, 19 September 1978.McIlvaine, E., Sherby, L ...
''. Based on details of train journeys and travel times given in Wodehouse's stories, Cobb argued that
Buildwas
Buildwas is a village and civil parish in Shropshire, England, on the north bank of the River Severn at . It lies on the B4380 road between Atcham and Ironbridge. The Royal Mail postcodes begin TF6 and TF8.
Buildwas Primary Academy is situa ...
in Shropshire best fitted the description of Market Blandings, thus placing Blandings Castle at one of two locations nearby. However, in a parenthetical aside, he asked whether "anyone ha
considered that Blandings Castle was really
Apley Park" (or Hall). Apley Park (or Hall) is less than from Buildwas.
* In 1986, Norman Murphy, in his ''In Search of Blandings'', looked at a whole range of criteria based around architecture and landscape features. His main suggestions were
Sudeley Castle,
Gloucestershire
Gloucestershire ( abbreviated Glos) is a county in South West England. The county comprises part of the Cotswold Hills, part of the flat fertile valley of the River Severn and the entire Forest of Dean.
The county town is the city of Gl ...
for the castle itself, and
Weston Park
Weston Park is a country house in Weston-under-Lizard, Staffordshire, England, set in more than of park landscaped by Capability Brown. The park is located north-west of Wolverhampton, and north-east of Telford, close to the border with Shrop ...
,
Staffordshire for the gardens. The owners of Sudeley, also the resting place of Queen
Katherine Parr
Catherine Parr (sometimes alternatively spelled Katherine, Katheryn, Kateryn, or Katharine; 1512 – 5 September 1548) was Queen of England and Ireland as the last of the six wives of King Henry VIII from their marriage on 12 July 1543 until ...
, have since emphasised the Wodehouse connection.
* In 1999, Norman Murphy again suggested
Hunstanton Hall in
Norfolk
Norfolk () is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in East Anglia in England. It borders Lincolnshire to the north-west, Cambridgeshire to the west and south-west, and Suffolk to the south. Its northern and eastern boundaries are the No ...
, the home of the LeStrange family from 1137 to 1954, where Wodehouse visited in the 1920s, as inspiration for Blandings, its master, and "the real Empress of Blandings".
* In 2003, Dr Daryl Lloyd and Dr Ian Greatbatch (two researchers in the Department of Geography and
Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis,
University College London
, mottoeng = Let all come who by merit deserve the most reward
, established =
, type = Public research university
, endowment = £143 million (2020)
, budget = ...
) made use of a
Geographic Information System to analyse a set of geographical criteria, such as a
viewshed
A viewshed is the geographical area that is visible from a location. It includes all surrounding points that are in line-of-sight with that location and excludes points that are beyond the horizon or obstructed by terrain and other features (e.g. ...
analysis of
The Wrekin
The Wrekin is a hill in east Shropshire, England. It is located some five miles (8 km) west of Telford, on the border between the unitary authorities of Shropshire and Telford and Wrekin. Rising above the Shropshire Plain to a height of 4 ...
and drive time from
Shrewsbury. Their final conclusion was that
Apley Hall was the best suited location for fulfilling the geographical criteria.
Residents and guests
The family
The master of Blandings is, nominally at least,
Lord Emsworth
Clarence Threepwood, 9th Earl Emsworth, commonly known as Lord Emsworth, is a recurring fictional character in the Blandings Castle series of stories by British comic writer P. G. Wodehouse. He is the amiable and somewhat absent-minded head of t ...
. Clarence, the ninth Earl, is an amiably absent-minded old chap, who is charming because of his slow, relaxed lifestyle and the simple obsessions that make him oblivious to the absurd melodrama of his family, namely his home, gardens, pumpkins, and his champion pig,
Empress of Blandings
Empress of Blandings is a fictional pig, featured in many of the Blandings Castle novels and stories by P. G. Wodehouse. Owned by the doting Lord Emsworth, the Empress is an enormous black Berkshire sow, who wins many prizes in the "Fat Pigs" c ...
. He is never happier than when pottering about the grounds on a fine sunny day.
Lord Emsworth's ten sisters (all of whom look like the "daughter of a hundred earls", except for Hermione, who looks like a cook), his brother
Galahad
Sir Galahad (), sometimes referred to as Galeas () or Galath (), among other versions of his name, is a knight of King Arthur's Round Table and one of the three achievers of the Holy Grail in Arthurian legend. He is the illegitimate son of Si ...
("Gally"), his daughter Mildred, his sons
Freddie and George, and his numerous nieces, nephews, and in-laws inhabit the castle from time to time. For the Threepwood family, and their friends, the castle is forever available for indefinite residence, and is occasionally used as a temporary prison—known as "
Devil's Island" or "The
Bastille
The Bastille (, ) was a fortress in Paris, known formally as the Bastille Saint-Antoine. It played an important role in the internal conflicts of France and for most of its history was used as a state prison by the kings of France. It was stor ...
"—for love-struck young men and ladies to calm down.
Emsworth's sister Ann plays the role of
châtelain
Châtelain (from la, castellanus, derived from ''castellum''; pertaining to a castle, fortress. Middle English: ''castellan'' from Anglo-Norman language, Anglo-Norman: ''castellain'' and Old French: ''castelain'') was originally the French title ...
e when we first visit the Castle, in ''
Something Fresh
''Something Fresh'' is a novel by P. G. Wodehouse, first published as "Something New" in the United States, by D. Appleton & Company on 3 September 1915.McIlvaine, E., Sherby, L.S. and Heineman, J.H. (1990) ''P.G. Wodehouse: A comprehensive bi ...
''. Following her reign, Lady Constance Keeble usually acts as châtelaine until she marries American millionaire James Schoonmaker and spends most of her time in America. Another married sister, Hermione, takes over the duties when Constance is traveling, or otherwise unavailable. While all of Lord Emsworth's sisters are 'take-charge' types, Constance ("Connie") in particular has a very domineering and impatient temperament, as well as a cutting vocabulary; Clarence lives in dread of her occasional return visits to the Castle.
Lady Julia Fish (another sister) is "the iron hand beneath the
leather glove
A glove is a garment covering the hand. Gloves usually have separate sheaths or openings for each finger and the thumb.
If there is an opening but no (or a short) covering sheath for each finger they are called fingerless gloves. Fingerless glov ...
", whose son Ronald Fish ("Ronnie") marries a chorus girl named Sue Brown, much to her displeasure. Sue is the daughter of the only woman whom Gally ever loved—Dolly Henderson—though Gally insists Sue is not Ronnie's cousin.
The other sisters (not all of whom are seen, as they are married and live elsewhere) are: Charlotte, Dora, Florence, Georgiana, Jane (deceased), and Diana, the only one that Gally likes (''
Sunset at Blandings
''Sunset at Blandings'' is an unfinished novel by P. G. Wodehouse published in the United Kingdom by Chatto & Windus, London, on 17 November 1977 and in the United States by Simon & Schuster, New York, 19 September 1978.McIlvaine, E., Sherby, L ...
''). They have a third brother, who has died, called Lancelot.
The staff
Blandings's ever-present butler is
Sebastian Beach
Sebastian Beach is a fictional character in the Blandings stories by P. G. Wodehouse. He is the butler at Blandings Castle, seat of Lord Emsworth and his family, where he serves for over eighteen years.
Inspiration
Beach's name was inspired by B ...
, with eighteen years service at the castle under his ample belt, and its other domestic servants have at various times included Mrs Twemlow the housekeeper, an under-butler named Merridew, and a number of footmen, such as Charles, Thomas, Stokes, James and Alfred. The chauffeurs Slingsby and Alfred Voules drive the castle's stately
Hispano-Suiza, or, in an emergency, the
Albatross or the Antelope (''
Summer Lightning
''Summer Lightning'' is a novel by P. G. Wodehouse, first published in the United States on 1 July 1929 by Doubleday, Doran, New York, under the title ''Fish Preferred'', and in the United Kingdom on 19 July 1929 by Herbert Jenkins, London ...
''). Scottish head gardeners Thorne and Angus McAllister have tended the grounds, while George Cyril Wellbeloved, James Pirbright and the
Amazonian Monica Simmons have each in turn taken care of Lord Emsworth's beloved prize pig,
Empress of Blandings
Empress of Blandings is a fictional pig, featured in many of the Blandings Castle novels and stories by P. G. Wodehouse. Owned by the doting Lord Emsworth, the Empress is an enormous black Berkshire sow, who wins many prizes in the "Fat Pigs" c ...
.
Emsworth has employed a series of secretaries, most notable among them
Rupert Baxter
Rupert J. Baxter is a fictional character in the Blandings stories by P. G. Wodehouse. Often called the Efficient Baxter, he is Lord Emsworth's secretary, and an expert on many things, including Egyptian scarabs. He invariably wears his rimless s ...
, the highly efficient young man who never seems to be able to keep away from Blandings, despite Lord Emsworth's increasingly low opinion of his sanity. He was succeeded in the post by
Ronald Psmith, and later by the likes of Hugo Carmody and
Monty Bodkin
Montague "Monty" Bodkin (also referred to as Montrose) is a recurring fictional character in three novels of English comic writer P. G. Wodehouse, being a wealthy young member of the Drones Club, well-dressed, well-spoken, impeccably polite, and ge ...
. The castle's splendid library was catalogued, for the first time since 1885, by Eve Halliday.
Notable visitors
Many people pass through the doors of Blandings, including guests and friends of the family, prospective additions to the family, temporary staff, pig-lovers, day-trippers, detectives, crooks and of course impostors galore. Among the most distinguished are the grumpy Duke of Dunstable; leading brain-specialist
Sir Roderick Glossop
Sir Roderick Glossop is a recurring fictional character in the comic novels and short stories of P. G. Wodehouse. Sometimes referred to as a "nerve specialist" or a "loony doctor", he is a prominent practitioner of psychiatry in Wodehouse's wor ...
; publishing magnate
Lord Tilbury; the fifth Earl of Ickenham, known to all as
Uncle Fred
Frederick Altamont Cornwallis Twistleton, 5th Earl of Ickenham, commonly known as Uncle Fred, is a fictional character who appears in comedic short stories and novels written by P. G. Wodehouse between 1935 and 1961. An energetic and mischievous ol ...
; and
Percy Pilbeam, head of the Argus Enquiry Agency employed to locate the lost pig and recover Gally's manuscript of his memoirs.
Books
Blandings Castle serves as the setting for eleven
novels and nine
short stories
A short story is a piece of prose fiction that typically can be read in one sitting and focuses on a self-contained incident or series of linked incidents, with the intent of evoking a single effect or mood. The short story is one of the oldest t ...
.
* ''
Something Fresh
''Something Fresh'' is a novel by P. G. Wodehouse, first published as "Something New" in the United States, by D. Appleton & Company on 3 September 1915.McIlvaine, E., Sherby, L.S. and Heineman, J.H. (1990) ''P.G. Wodehouse: A comprehensive bi ...
'' (1915) — Also published under the title ''Something New''.
* ''
Leave it to Psmith
''Leave It to Psmith'' is a comic novel by English author P. G. Wodehouse, first published in the United Kingdom on 30 November 1923 by Herbert Jenkins, London, England, and in the United States on 14 March 1924 by George H. Doran, New York.M ...
'' (1923)
* ''
Blandings Castle and Elsewhere
''Blandings Castle and Elsewhere'' is a collection of short stories by P. G. Wodehouse. It was first published in the United Kingdom on 12 April 1935 by Herbert Jenkins, London, and, as ''Blandings Castle'', in the United States on 20 Septembe ...
'' (1935) – Six short stories of twelve, written from 1926 to 1931, occurring before the events of ''Summer Lightning'':
** "
The Custody of the Pumpkin"
** "
Lord Emsworth Acts for the Best"
** "
Pig-hoo-o-o-o-ey"
** "
Company for Gertrude
"Company for Gertrude" is a short story by P. G. Wodehouse, which first appeared in the United Kingdom in September 1928 in ''Strand'', and in the United States in October 1928 in ''Cosmopolitan''. Part of the Blandings Castle canon, it features t ...
"
** "
The Go-getter
"The Go-Getter" is a short story by P. G. Wodehouse, which first appeared in the United States in the March 1931 issue of
''Cosmopolitan'' (as "Sales Resistance"), and in the United Kingdom in the August 1931 ''Strand''. Part of the Blandings ...
"
** "
Lord Emsworth and the Girl Friend"
* ''
Summer Lightning
''Summer Lightning'' is a novel by P. G. Wodehouse, first published in the United States on 1 July 1929 by Doubleday, Doran, New York, under the title ''Fish Preferred'', and in the United Kingdom on 19 July 1929 by Herbert Jenkins, London ...
'' (1929)
* ''
Heavy Weather'' (1933)
* ''
Lord Emsworth and Others'' (1937) – One short story of nine:
** "
The Crime Wave at Blandings
"The Crime Wave at Blandings" is a short story by P. G. Wodehouse that first appeared in the United States in two parts, in the October 10 and October 17, 1936 editions of the '' Saturday Evening Post'', and in the United Kingdom in the January 19 ...
"
* ''
Uncle Fred in the Springtime
''Uncle Fred in the Springtime'' is a novel by P. G. Wodehouse, first published in the United States on 18 August 1939 by Doubleday, Doran, New York, and in the United Kingdom on 25 August 1939 by Herbert Jenkins, London.McIlvaine (1990), p. 7 ...
'' (1939)
* ''
Full Moon
The full moon is the lunar phase when the Moon appears fully illuminated from Earth's perspective. This occurs when Earth is located between the Sun and the Moon (when the ecliptic longitudes of the Sun and Moon differ by 180°). This means ...
'' (1947)
* ''
Nothing Serious'' (1950) – One short story of ten:
** "
Birth of a Salesman"
* ''
Pigs Have Wings
''Pigs Have Wings'' is a novel by P. G. Wodehouse, which first appeared as a serial in ''Collier's Weekly'' between 16 August and 20 September 1952. It was first published as a book in the United States on 16 October 1952 by Doubleday & Company, ...
'' (1952)
* ''
Service with a Smile'' (1961)
* ''
Galahad at Blandings
''Galahad at Blandings'' is a novel by P. G. Wodehouse, first published in the United States on 31 December 1964 by Simon & Schuster, Inc., New York under the title ''The Brinkmanship of Galahad Threepwood'', and in the United Kingdom on 26 Au ...
'' (1965)
* ''
Plum Pie'' (1966) – One short story of nine (probably to be read before ''Service with a Smile''):
** "
Sticky Wicket at Blandings"
* ''
A Pelican at Blandings
''A Pelican at Blandings'' is a novel by P. G. Wodehouse, first published in the United Kingdom on 25 September 1969 by Barrie & Jenkins, London, and in the United States on 11 February 1970 by Simon & Schuster, Inc., New York, under the title ...
'' (1969)
* ''
Sunset at Blandings
''Sunset at Blandings'' is an unfinished novel by P. G. Wodehouse published in the United Kingdom by Chatto & Windus, London, on 17 November 1977 and in the United States by Simon & Schuster, New York, 19 September 1978.McIlvaine, E., Sherby, L ...
'' (1977)
Wodehouse worked on ''Sunset at Blandings'' until his death, writing even in his hospital bed. It was unfinished and untitled when he died, and was subsequently edited (by Richard Usborne) and released in its incomplete form with extensive notes on the content.
All nine Blandings short stories were collected together in one volume entitled ''Lord Emsworth Acts for the Best'' in 1992.
The Folio Society published a six volume set ''The Best of Blandings'' consisting of ''
Summer Lightning
''Summer Lightning'' is a novel by P. G. Wodehouse, first published in the United States on 1 July 1929 by Doubleday, Doran, New York, under the title ''Fish Preferred'', and in the United Kingdom on 19 July 1929 by Herbert Jenkins, London ...
,
Heavy Weather,
Uncle Fred in the Springtime
''Uncle Fred in the Springtime'' is a novel by P. G. Wodehouse, first published in the United States on 18 August 1939 by Doubleday, Doran, New York, and in the United Kingdom on 25 August 1939 by Herbert Jenkins, London.McIlvaine (1990), p. 7 ...
,
Full Moon
The full moon is the lunar phase when the Moon appears fully illuminated from Earth's perspective. This occurs when Earth is located between the Sun and the Moon (when the ecliptic longitudes of the Sun and Moon differ by 180°). This means ...
,
Pigs Have Wings
''Pigs Have Wings'' is a novel by P. G. Wodehouse, which first appeared as a serial in ''Collier's Weekly'' between 16 August and 20 September 1952. It was first published as a book in the United States on 16 October 1952 by Doubleday & Company, ...
,'' and ''
Service with a Smile''.
Adaptations
Television
* Televised plays adapted from the short stories "
Pig-hoo-o-o-o-ey" and "
Lord Emsworth and the Girl Friend" aired in 1954 and 1956 on BBC Television.
* The Castle and its inhabitants were the subject of six half-hour adaptations under the title ''Blandings Castle'', made by the
BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC
Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board exam. ...
...
'' series). Adapted from some of the shorts in ''
as Freddie. Only extracts from one episode survive ("
.
* Two German television films based on the Blandings Castle stories were broadcast in West Germany. The first, ''Blut Floss auf Blandings Castle'', was broadcast in 1967. The second film, ''Der Lord und Seine Koenigin'', was broadcast in 1977 and was adapted from the play ''Oh, Clarence!''.
*
played Beach in the 1981 BBC television film ''Thank You, P. G. Wodehouse''.
* In 1995, the BBC, with partners including
. It was first screened on
on February 18, 1996. It starred
as Lady Constance. It was directed by
with a screenplay by Douglas Livingstone, and was generally well received by fans.
*
which premiered in January 2013. A second series of seven episodes aired in February 2014.
'' (Swedish title: ''Blixt och dunder'') was adapted from the novel ''Summer Lightning''.
. The play premiered in 1930. Clive Currie portrayed the Earl of Middlewick, the play's version of Lord Emsworth, and
played Psmith.
* The play ''Oh, Clarence!'', a comedy in two acts, was adapted by
from the Blandings Castle stories. The play opened at the
, on 28 August 1968. The cast included
'' as a play in 1992.
" was adapted for radio in 1939.
* Dramatisations of two of the short stories, "
", were broadcast in 1940. The adaptations aired on the
as Lady Constance in all except ''Something Fresh''.
* Many of the stories and novels are available as
s, including an abridged series narrated by Martin Jarvis.
* ''Lord Emsworth's Annotated Whiffle: The Care of the Pig'' by James Hogg purports to be an abridged version of Lord Emsworth's annotated copy of ''The Care of the Pig'' by fictional author Augustus Whiffle. It was published by Michael Joseph Ltd. in 1991 and by Heinemann Educational Books in 1992.
* ''The Reminiscences of the Hon. Galahad Threepwood'' by N. T. P. Murphy is meant to be the memoirs of Galahad Threepwood mentioned in Wodehouse's novels ''
''. It was published by Porpoise Books in 1993. Murphy also wrote academic books about Wodehouse's works, including ''In Search of Blandings''.
* The short story "The Case of the Starving Swine" by Gayle Lange Puhl adds
". The story was printed in Puhl's book ''Sherlock Holmes and the Folk Tale Mysteries - Volume 1'', published in 2015 by MX Publishing.
; Sources consulted (main article)
*
*
*
*
*
; Sources consulted (locations)
*
*
*
; Endnotes
...