The black-throated wren (''Pheugopedius atrogularis'') is a species of
bird
Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweigh ...
in the family
Troglodytidae. It is found in
Costa Rica
Costa Rica (, ; ; literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( es, República de Costa Rica), is a country in the Central American region of North America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the no ...
,
Nicaragua
Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the cou ...
, and
Panama
Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Cos ...
.
Taxonomy and systematics
The black-throated wren was previously treated as
conspecific
Biological specificity is the tendency of a characteristic such as a behavior or a biochemical variation to occur in a particular species.
Biochemist Linus Pauling stated that "Biological specificity is the set of characteristics of living organ ...
with the sooty-headed wren (''Pheugopedius spadix'') but significant differences in their plumage, song, and ranges demanded their separation. The species is
monotypic
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispec ...
.
[Kroodsma, D. E. and D. Brewer (2020). Black-throated Wren (''Pheugopedius atrogularis''), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.bltwre1.01 retrieved June 3, 2021]
Description
The black-throated wren is long; males weigh and females . Adults have dark reddish brown crowns and upperparts that are redder on the rump. Their tails are blackish brown with faint buffy markings on the other feathers. Much of the face is black with white markings. The chin, throat, and upper chest are black, the mid-chest is reddish brown, and the lower chest and belly are reddish chestnut. Juveniles are essentially dull dark brown overall, with less contrast between the upper- and underparts than the adults.
[
]
Distribution and habitat
The black-throated wren was long thought to be found from southeastern Nicaragua through eastern Costa Rica into western Panama. However, starting in 2010 the species has been observed in northern Nicaragua and eastern Honduras. It inhabits lowland and foothill forest, especially second growth, and is often associated with water.[
]
Behavior
Feeding
The black-throated wren forages near the ground in dense vegetation. Its diet has not been extensively documented but it appears to be mostly insects and spiders.[
]
Breeding
Very little has been published about the black-throated wren's breeding phenology
Phenology is the study of periodic events in biological life cycles and how these are influenced by seasonality, seasonal and interannual variations in climate, as well as environmental factor, habitat factors (such as elevation).
Examples includ ...
. Its breeding season in Costa Rica appears to span from April or May into August.[
]
Vocalization
The black-throated wren's song is "a distinctive series of rich whistles ending in a trill
Its calls include "a fast, nasal to wooden rattling 'praaaaht'" and a "guttural rolling 'beewr' or 'bweeurr'".[
]
Status
The IUCN
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natu ...
has assessed the black-throated wren as being of Least Concern. However, " tspopulation is suspected to be in decline owing to ongoing habitat destruction and fragmentation."[
]
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q4749398
black-throated wren
The black-throated wren (''Pheugopedius atrogularis'') is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama.
Taxonomy and systematics
The black-throated wren was previously treated as conspecific ...
Birds of Nicaragua
Birds of Costa Rica
black-throated wren
The black-throated wren (''Pheugopedius atrogularis'') is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama.
Taxonomy and systematics
The black-throated wren was previously treated as conspecific ...
black-throated wren
The black-throated wren (''Pheugopedius atrogularis'') is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama.
Taxonomy and systematics
The black-throated wren was previously treated as conspecific ...
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot