The black-striped sparrow (''Arremonops conirostris'') is a

passerine A passerine () is any bird of the order Passeriformes (; from Latin 'sparrow' and '-shaped'), which includes more than half of all bird species. Sometimes known as perching birds, passerines are distinguished from other orders of birds by t ...

bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweigh ...

found from eastern

Honduras Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America. The republic of Honduras is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Oce ...

to western

Ecuador Ecuador ( ; ; Quechua: ''Ikwayur''; Shuar: ''Ecuador'' or ''Ekuatur''), officially the Republic of Ecuador ( es, República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Quechua: ''Ikwadur Ripuwlika''; Shuar: ''Eku ...

, northern

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

, and

Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in th ...

. This

American sparrow New World sparrows are a group of mainly New World passerine birds, forming the family Passerellidae. They are seed-eating birds with conical bills, brown or gray in color, and many species have distinctive head patterns. Although they share t ...

is a common bird in humid lowlands and foothills up to altitude, in semiopen habitats such as thickets, young second growth, overgrown fields, shady plantations, and gardens. The large, domed nest, built by the female, is made of coarse plant material and has a wide side entrance. It is normally placed less than up in dense growth, but may be as high as . The clutch is two, rarely three, unmarked white eggs, which are incubated by the female alone for 12–14 days before hatching. The black-striped sparrow is a mainly terrestrial species, long and weighing . The adult is distinctive, with a grey head which has broad black stripes each side of the crown and narrower black stripes through each eye. The upperparts are olive, with yellow on the bend of the wing. The underparts are dull white shading to grey on the breast sides and to olive on the lower belly. Young birds have brown stripes on a yellower head, brownish-olive upperparts and yellow-olive underparts. This species resembles the

olive sparrow The olive sparrow (''Arremonops rufivirgatus'') is a species of American sparrow in the family Passerellidae. (Other names include green finch and Texas sparrow.) Its range includes Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua and s ...

, but is larger, and the ranges do not overlap. The seven subspecies are: * ''A. c. conirostris'' ( Bonaparte, 1850), the nominate, breeds in most of northern South America. * ''A. c. inexpectatus'' Chapman, 1914 breeds in part of western

Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...

. It is small, dull, and brownish-olive above. * ''A. c. pastazae'' Krabbe & Stejskal, 2008 is found in eastern Ecuador * ''A. c. richmondii'' Ridgway, 1898 breeds in Central America south to western Panama. It is smaller and brighter than nominate ''A. c. conirostris''. * ''A. c. striaticeps'' ( Lafresnaye, 1853) breeds from central Panama to western Ecuador. It is whiter below than nominate ''A. c. conirostris'' or ''A. c. richmondii''. * ''A. c. umbrinus''

Todd Todd or Todds may refer to: Places ;Australia: * Todd River, an ephemeral river ;United States: * Todd Valley, California, also known as Todd, an unincorporated community * Todd, Missouri, a ghost town * Todd, North Carolina, an unincorporated ...

, 1923 breeds in the

Maracaibo basin The Maracaibo Basin, also known as Lake Maracaibo natural region, Lake Maracaibo depression or Lake Maracaibo Lowlands, is a foreland basin and one of the eight natural regions of Venezuela, found in the northwestern corner of Venezuela in South A ...

of northern Colombia and

. It is another small, dull race, but brighter above and slightly larger than ''A. c. inexpectatus''. * ''A. c. viridicatus'' Wetmore, 1957 breeds on

Isla de Coiba Coiba is the largest island in Central America, with an area of , off the Pacific coast of the Panamanian province of Chiriquí. It is part of the Tolé District of that province. History Coiba separated from continental Panama about 12,000 to ...

, Panama. It is greyer on the head, breast, and flanks than ''A. c. striaticeps''. The black-striped sparrow has a metallic ' call. The male's song, given from the ground or a low perch, consists of a whistles and slurred notes, ', followed by a trill, but varies geographically. The black-striped sparrow feeds on

insect Insects (from Latin ') are pancrustacean hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body ( head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs ...

spider Spiders ( order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species ...

s, and seeds taken on the ground, and also picks berries and invertebrate prey from low bushes. It is seen in pairs, never in flocks, and is a shy and retiring species.

References

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External links

* * * * * {{Taxonbar, from=Q2229892

black-striped sparrow The black-striped sparrow (''Arremonops conirostris'') is a passerine bird found from eastern Honduras to western Ecuador, northern Brazil, and Venezuela. This American sparrow is a common bird in humid lowlands and foothills up to altitude, i ...

Birds of Nicaragua Birds of Costa Rica Birds of Panama Birds of Colombia Birds of Venezuela Birds of Ecuador

References

Further reading

External links