Nomenclature
Its specific name, ''tristis'', means "sad", in reference to the completely black colouration of ''V. t. tristis'' populations around Perth.Distribution
This is the most widespread monitor species in Australia, occurring throughout the mainland and even on some northern islands such asDescription
At up to 80 cm long, ''V. t. tristis'' is the larger of two distinct subspecies. Populations around Perth are completely black, but populations further north in warmer regions become increasingly lighter in colour. At up to 60cm long, the freckled monitor (''V. t. orientalis'') is a smaller subspecies with a lighter, more distinct colouration, and a less spiny tail. The hatchling of both subspecies are brightly coloured, but only freckled monitors retain much of this colouration into adulthood. Males can be identified after sexual maturity (usually around two years of age) by a large cluster of spiny scales either size of the animal's vent. Female specimens lack these obvious protrusions and rarely possess more than a small number of spines only slightly larger than the surrounding scales. Both sexes reach sexual maturity by the time they are 20 cm long from snout to vent.Behaviour
They are most active in the spring, and may travel a kilometre every day in search of food to accumulate enough fat reserves to last them through the 6-7 cold winter months when they become inactive. Although both are semi-arboreal, ''V. t. tristis'' is slightly less arboreal than ''V. t. orientalis''. ''V. tristis'' is known to sometimes curl its tail over its head and body when walking or basking, but the reason for this behaviour is unknown.Diet
''V. tristis'' eats small mammals, frogs, other lizards such as agamids, geckos, skinks, and smaller monitor species. They are even capable of eating thorny devils. They also invade bird nests to eat eggs and chicks, and eat a variety of insects such as orthopterans, beetles, ants, and stick insects. There is conflicting reports of whether their diet primarily consists of other lizards, mammals, frogs, or insects; it seems that a population's diet varies based on geographical location.Reproduction
The breeding season is in November, at which point pairs start sharing the same tree. Females lay a clutch of 6-11, but up to as many as 17 eggs in December, which hatch in February or March after incubating at a temperature of 27-29C.References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q164109 Varanus Monitor lizards of Australia Reptiles described in 1839 Taxa named by Hermann Schlegel