Ileanda ( hu, Nagyilonda) is a

commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to: Administrative-territorial entities * Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township ** Communes of ...

located in

Sălaj County Sălaj County () (also known as ''Land of Silvania'', ''silva, -ae'' means "forest") is a county ('' județ'') of Romania, located in the north-west of the country, in the historical regions of Crișana and Transylvania. It is bordered to the nort ...

Transylvania Transylvania ( ro, Ardeal or ; hu, Erdély; german: Siebenbürgen) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains, and to the west the Ap ...

Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...

. It is composed of thirteen villages: Bizușa-Băi (''Büdöspataka''), Bârsăuța (''Kisborszó''), Dăbiceni (''Kisdoboka''), Dolheni (''Ilondapatak''), Ileanda, Luminișu (''Szakadás''), Măleni (''Kisilonda''), Negreni (''Konkolyfalva''), Perii Vadului (''Révkörtvélyes''), Podișu (''Csömény''), Răstoci (''Hosszúrév''), Rogna (''Kornislaka'') and Șasa (''Sasfalu'').

History

Human settlement began in

Dacia Dacia (, ; ) was the land inhabited by the Dacians, its core in Transylvania, stretching to the Danube in the south, the Black Sea in the east, and the Tisza in the west. The Carpathian Mountains were located in the middle of Dacia. It thus r ...

n times."Short history"
at the Ileanda Town Hall site; accessed October 25, 2013 In the 1830s,

Jew Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""Th ...

s began to arrive in Ileanda, and by the end of the century, the community ran nearly all commerce and small industry in the village and its surroundings. In the

interwar period In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days), the end of the World War I, First World War to the beginning of the World War II, Second World War. The in ...

, there was a

yeshiva A yeshiva (; he, ישיבה, , sitting; pl. , or ) is a traditional Jewish educational institution focused on the study of Rabbinic literature, primarily the Talmud and halacha (Jewish law), while Torah and Jewish philosophy are s ...

with 30 to 40 students, while

Zionist Zionism ( he, צִיּוֹנוּת ''Tsiyyonut'' after ''Zion'') is a nationalist movement that espouses the establishment of, and support for a homeland for the Jewish people centered in the area roughly corresponding to what is known in Je ...

activity started in the 1920s. In 1930, there were 308 Jews or 26% of the population. In June 1942, 11 Jews were drafted into labor battalions in

Reichskommissariat Ukraine During World War II, (abbreviated as RKU) was the civilian occupation regime () of much of Nazi German-occupied Ukraine (which included adjacent areas of modern-day Belarus and pre-war Second Polish Republic). It was governed by the Reich Min ...

, of whom two survived. In May 1944, 900 Jews were sent by the authorities of the

Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen ...

to the Dej ghetto and then to the

Auschwitz concentration camp Auschwitz concentration camp ( (); also or ) was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) during World War II and the Holocaust. It con ...

. József Paneth, who became the local rabbi in 1926, escaped deportation to Romania with his family."Ghettoes"
at the Northern Transylvania Holocaust Memorial Museum site; accessed October 25, 2013 Following World War II, he served the surviving Jews until the community dispersed in 1950.Shmuel Spector, Geoffrey Wigoder (eds.), "Ileanda" in ''The Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust: A-J'', p.544-545. NYU Press, 2001,

Sights

* Wooden Church in Ileanda, built in the 17th century, historic monument * Wooden Church in Negreni, built in the 17th century, historic monument * Wooden Church in Răstoci, built in the 19th century (1828), historic monumentwelcometoromania - Wooden Church in Răstoci, Sălaj County
retrieved on May 17, 2012 * Wooden Church in Podișu, built in the 18th century, historic monument * Forest “La Castani”, Natural reserve * Măgurici Cave, Natural reserve

References

External links

Official site

Image gallery

File:Biserica de lemn din Negreni101.jpg, Wooden Church in Negreni File:Biserica din Rastoci.jpg, Wooden Church in Răstoci File:Biserica de lemn din Podisu101.jpg, Wooden Church in Podişu {{Authority control Communes in Sălaj County Localities in Transylvania