Bivio ( rm, Beiva, german: Stallen) is a village and former
municipality
A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate.
The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...
in the
Sursés
Sursés (german: Oberhalbstein) is a municipality in the Albula Region of the Swiss canton of Graubünden. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Bivio, Cunter, Marmorera, Mulegns, Riom-Parsonz, Salouf, Savognin, Sur and Tinizong-Rona m ...
in the district of
Albula of the
Swiss
Swiss may refer to:
* the adjectival form of Switzerland
* Swiss people
Places
* Swiss, Missouri
* Swiss, North Carolina
*Swiss, West Virginia
* Swiss, Wisconsin
Other uses
*Swiss-system tournament, in various games and sports
*Swiss Internation ...
canton of
Graubünden. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Bivio,
Cunter
Cunter ( Romansh, in German: Conters im Oberhalbstein) is a village and former municipality in the Sursés in the district of Albula in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Bivio, Cunter, Marm ...
,
Marmorera
Marmorera (german: Marmels) is a village and former municipality in the Sursés in the district of Albula in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Bivio, Cunter, Marmorera, Mulegns, Riom-Parson ...
,
Mulegns
Mulegns is a village and a former municipality in the Sursés in the district of Albula in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Bivio, Cunter, Marmorera, Mulegns, Riom-Parsonz, Salouf, Savogni ...
,
Riom-Parsonz
Riom-Parsonz is a former Municipalities of Switzerland, municipality in the Sursés in the district of Albula (district), Albula in the Cantons of Switzerland, canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. It was created from the 1979 union of the villages ...
,
Salouf
Salouf (until 1943 officially called Salux) is a village and former municipality in the Sursés in the district of Albula in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Bivio, Cunter, Marmorera, Mule ...
,
Savognin
Savognin (in local Romansh dialect ''Suagnign''; it, Savognino; german: Schweiningen, official name until 1890) is a village and former municipality in the Sursés in the district of Albula in the canton of Grisons in Switzerland. On 1 Januar ...
,
Sur and
Tinizong-Rona
Tinizong-Rona is a former municipality in the district of Albula in the Sursés in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. It was formed in 1998 from the villages of ''Tinizong'' and '' Rona''. The local administration is situated in Tinizon ...
merged to form the new municipality of
Surses
Sursés (german: Oberhalbstein) is a municipality in the Albula Region of the Swiss canton of Graubünden. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Bivio, Cunter, Marmorera, Mulegns, Riom-Parsonz, Salouf, Savognin, Sur and Tinizong-Rona m ...
.
[Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz]
published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 27 April 2016
History
Bivio is first mentioned about 840 as ''de stabulo Bivio''. At one time it was known, in German, as ''Stallen'' and until 1895/1903 by its Italian name ''Stalla''.
[
]
Geography
Bivio had an area, , of . Of this area, 48.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while 2.2% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.4% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (48.6%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).[
The village is located on the roads to the Julier and ]Septimer pass
Septimer Pass (German: ''Septimerpass'', Italian: ''Passo del Settimo'', Romansh: ''Pass da Sett''; elevation ) is a high mountain pass in the canton of Graubünden in the Swiss Alps between the valleys of Bregaglia (Bergell) and Surses (Ober ...
. It is the only traditionally Italian language village north of the continental divide
A continental divide is a drainage divide on a continent such that the drainage basin on one side of the divide feeds into one ocean or sea, and the basin on the other side either feeds into a different ocean or sea, or else is endorheic, not ...
. However, the German-speaking population is now in the majority, with large Romansh- and Italian-speaking minorities. It consists of the village of Bivio and the hamlets
A hamlet is a human settlement that is smaller than a town or village. Its size relative to a parish can depend on the administration and region. A hamlet may be considered to be a smaller settlement or subdivision or satellite entity to a lar ...
of Stalveder, Mott, Cavreccia and Valetta da Beiva. Until 1902 Bivio was known as by its Italian name ''Stalla''.
Neighboring municipalities are Marmorera
Marmorera (german: Marmels) is a village and former municipality in the Sursés in the district of Albula in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Bivio, Cunter, Marmorera, Mulegns, Riom-Parson ...
, Bever (exclave), Silvaplana
Silvaplana ( Romansh: ) is a municipality in the Maloja Region in the Swiss canton of Graubünden and the name of a lake in the municipality.
History
The first sign of a settlement in the borders of the municipality are some Roman-era broken pi ...
, Sils im Engadin/Segl
Sils im Engadin/Segl (german: Sils im Engadin; Romansh ), often also as ''Sils i.E./Segl'', is a municipality and village in the Maloja Region, Upper Engadine in the Swiss canton of the Grisons.
It consists of two villages, Segl Maria (Romans ...
, Stampa
Stampa is a former municipality in the Maloja district of the Swiss canton, Graubünden. It is now part of the municipality of Bregaglia.
History
Stampa is first mentioned after 1354 as ''Stamppa'' and was named so in honor of the Stampa famil ...
(exclave Maloja), Soglio, Avers
Avers ( rm, Avras; wae, Òòver(s), , ) is a high Alpine valley region and a municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. It includes Juf, the highest-altitude year-round settlement in Europe.
History
Avers is first ...
and Mulegns
Mulegns is a village and a former municipality in the Sursés in the district of Albula in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Bivio, Cunter, Marmorera, Mulegns, Riom-Parsonz, Salouf, Savogni ...
.
Demographics
Bivio had a population (as of 2014) of 189. , 14.3% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -13.5%.[
, the gender distribution of the population was 47.5% male and 52.5% female.][Graubunden in Numbers](_blank)
accessed 21 September 2009 The age distribution, , in Bivio is; 21 people or 10.3% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old. 12 people or 5.9% are 10 to 14, and 3 people or 1.5% are 15 to 19. Of the adult population, 23 people or 11.3% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 29 people or 14.2% are 30 to 39, 24 people or 11.8% are 40 to 49, and 29 people or 14.2% are 50 to 59. The senior population distribution is 30 people or 14.7% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 24 people or 11.8% are 70 to 79, there are 7 people or 3.4% who are 80 to 89, and there are 2 people or 1.0% who are 90 to 99.[Graubunden Population Statistics]
accessed 21 September 2009
In the 2007 federal election
This electoral calendar 2007 lists the national/federal direct elections held in 2007 in the de jure and de facto sovereign states and their dependent territories. Referendums are included, although they are not elections. By-elections are not i ...
the most popular party was the SVP which received 35.2% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (26.5%), the SPS
SPS may refer to:
Law and government
* Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures of the WTO
* NATO Science for Peace and Security
* Single Payment Scheme, an EU agricultural subsidy
* The Standard Procurement System, fo ...
(24.5%) and the CVP (13.5%).[
The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Bivio about 58.5% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a '']Fachhochschule
A ''Fachhochschule'' (; plural ''Fachhochschulen''), abbreviated FH, is a university of applied sciences (UAS), in other words a German tertiary education institution that provides professional education in many applied sciences and applied arts ...
'').[
Bivio has an unemployment rate of 1.55%. , there were 21 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 9 businesses involved in this sector. 9 people are employed in the ]secondary sector
In macroeconomics, the secondary sector of the economy is an economic sector in the three-sector theory that describes the role of manufacturing. It encompasses industries that produce a finished, usable product or are involved in construction. ...
and there are 3 businesses in this sector. 68 people are employed in the tertiary sector
The tertiary sector of the economy, generally known as the service sector, is the third of the three economic sectors in the three-sector model (also known as the economic cycle). The others are the primary sector (raw materials) and the second ...
, with 21 businesses in this sector.[
The historical population is given in the following timeline:]
ImageSize = width:600 height:210
PlotArea = height:150 left:100 bottom:50 right:100
AlignBars = justify
DateFormat = x.y
Period = from:0 till:300
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:50 start:0
PlotData=
bar:% color:yellowgreen width:22 mark:(line,white) align:center
bar:1808 from:start till:182 text:"182"
bar:1850 from:start till:211 text:"211"
bar:1900 from:start till:141 text:"141"
bar:1920 from:start till:121 text:"121"
bar:1950 from:start till:224 text:"224"
bar:1980 from:start till:238 text:"238"
bar:1990 from:start till:223 text:"223"
bar:2000 from:start till:129 text:"129"
bar:2010 from:start till:204 text:"204"
Climate
Bivio has an average of 132.1 days of rain per year and on average receives of precipitation
In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravitational pull from clouds. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, ice pellets, graupel and hail. ...
. The wettest month is August during which time Bivio receives an average of of precipitation. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 11.9 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is May, with an average of 13.1, but with only of precipitation. The driest month of the year is February with an average of of precipitation over 11.9 days.[, the weather station elevation is 1801 meters above sea level.]
Languages
Since the Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire a ...
, three languages have been spoken in the municipality, with Italian as the official language. However, German has become more and more common over the decades. The local dialect is a dialect of Lombard (''Bargajot''). The local version of Romansh is somewhere between the two main dialects: Surmiran
Surmiran (Surmiran, Vallader, Sutsilvan, Rumantsch Grischun: ''surmiran''; Puter: ''surmiraun'') is a dialect of the Romansh language. It is spoken in Surmeir and in the Albula Valley in the Grisons Canton, in Switzerland
). Swiss law ...
and Puter. German language breaks up as well into local dialects.
In 1880, 67.5% spoke a Romance language
The Romance languages, sometimes referred to as Latin languages or Neo-Latin languages, are the various modern languages that evolved from Vulgar Latin. They are the only extant subgroup of the Italic languages in the Indo-European languages, I ...
(either Italian or Romansh), and in 1910, 67.44% (including 26.36% of Italian speakers). This percentage sank to 43.0% in 1941. Most of the population () speaks German (55.4%), with Italian being second most common (29.4%) and Romansh being third (12.3%).[Swiss Federal Statistical Office]
accessed 24-Sep-2009
Heritage sites of national significance
The archeological discovery of a Roman
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
*Rome, the capital city of Italy
*Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
*Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a letter ...
mountain shrine in the Julier pass, is listed as a Swiss heritage sites of national significance.Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance
21.11.2008 version, accessed 24-Sep-2009
See also
* Italian Graubünden
Italian Grisons or Italian Grigioni ( it, Grigionitaliano or Grigioni italiano; german: Italienischbünden; rm, Grischun talian), sometimes also called Lombard Grisons, is the region of the Canton of Grisons, Switzerland, in which Italian is th ...
References
External links
*
{{Authority control
Surses
Former municipalities of Graubünden
Ski areas and resorts in Switzerland
Cultural property of national significance in Graubünden