Bithynia (genus)

''Bithynia'' is a genus of small freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic prosobranch gastropod mollusks in the family Bithyniidae.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2014). Bithynia Leach, 1818. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=182698 on 2014-11-19

The diploid chromosome number of ''Bithynia'' sp. from Egypt is 2n=32.Tohamy A. A. & Mohamed S. M. (2006). "Chromosomal studies on two Egyptian freshwater snails, ''Cleopatra'' and ''Bithynia'' (Mollusca-Prosobranchiata)". ''Arab J. Biotech.'' 9(1): 17-26
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Distribution

Lake Skadar with 5 species of ''Bithynia'' is a biodiversity hotspot of ''Bithynia'' evolution.Pešić V. & Glöer P. (2013). "A new freshwater snail genus (Hydrobiidae, Gastropoda) from Montenegro, with a discussion on gastropod diversity and endemism in Skadar Lake". ''ZooKeys'' 281: 69-90.

Species

Glöer (2002)Glöer P. (2002). ''Die Süßwassergastropoden Nord- und Mitteleuropas''. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 326 pp., , page 190-194. recognized four subgenera ''Bithynia'', ''Codiella'', ''Neumayria'' and ''Parafossarulus'' within European species. He reassigned two European extinct species of '' Parafossarulus'' into a subgenus of the genus ''Bithynia'', but the genus ''Parafossarulus'' is generally accepted for the Asian species. The subgenus ''Digoniostoma'' is also recognized for Asian species.

Subgenera and species within the genus ''Bithynia'' include:

Subgenus ''Bithynia'' Leach, 1818
*''Bithynia tentaculata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) - Common (or mud) bithynia - type species

Subgenus '' Codiella'' Locard, 1894
* ''Bithynia leachii'' (Sheppard, 1823)
* ''Bithynia transsilvanica'' (Bielz, 1853) - synonym: ''Bithynia troschelii'' (Paasch 1842)

Subgenus '' Neumayria'' De Stefani, 1887
* † '' Bithynia bavelensis'' Meijer, 1990

Subgenus '' Digoniostoma'' Annandale, 1920
* ''Bithynia funiculata'' Walker, 1927
* ''Bithynia siamensis'' Lea, 1856

Subgenus Incertae sedisYildirim M. Z., Koca S. B. & Kebapçi U. (2006). "Supplement to the Prosobranchia (Mollusca: Gastropoda) Fauna of Fresh and Brackish Waters of Turkey". ''Turkish Journal of Zoology'' 30: 197-204
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* ''Bithynia phialensis'' (Conrad, 1852)
* ''Bithynia pseudemmericia'' Schütt, 1964

Subgenus ?

* † ''Bithynia almerai'' Almera, 1894
* † ''Bithynia berthelini'' Depéret, 1894
* ''Bithynia boissieri'' (Küster, 1852)Species in genus ''Bithynia''
(n=13). AnimalBase, accessed 30 December 2012.
* † ''Bithynia brusinai'' Halaváts, 1903
* † '' Bithynia budinici'' Brusina, 1902
* '' Bithynia candiota'' Westerlund, 1886
* '' Bithynia canyamelensis'' Altaba, 2007
* '' Bithynia cerameopoma'' (Benson, 1830)
* '' Bithynia cettinensis'' Clessin, 1887
* † '' Bithynia clessini'' Brusina, 1884
* '' Bithynia cretensis'' Glöer & Maassen, 2009
* † '' Bithynia croatica'' Pilar, 1874
* † '' Bithynia cyclostoma'' (Rousseau, 1842)
* ''Bithynia danubialis'' Glöer & Georgiev, 2012
* † '' Bithynia dunkeri'' Gude, 1913
* † '' Bithynia erzuruma'' Schütt, 1991
* '' Bithynia forcarti'' Glöer & Pešić, 2012
* † '' Bithynia fuchsi'' Willmann, 1981
* ''Bithynia fuchsiana'' (Möllendorff, 1888)
* '' Bithynia ghodaghodiensis'' Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
* † '' Bithynia giralanensis'' Oppenheim, 1919
* † '' Bithynia glabra'' (von Zieten, 1832)
* '' Bithynia graeca'' Westerlund, 1879
* '' Bithynia hambergerae'' A. Reischütz, N. Reischütz & P. L. Reischütz, 2008
* '' Bithynia italica'' (Paulucci, 1879)
* † '' Bithynia jurinaci'' Brusina, 1884
* '' Bithynia kobialkai'' Glöer & Beckmann, 2007Glöer P. & Beckmann K.-H. (2007). "''Radix lilli'' n. sp. und drei neue ''Bithynia''-Arten von den Balearen (Gastropoda: Bithyniidae, Lymnaeidae). pp. 163-170. In: Beckmann K.-H.: ''Die Land- und Süßwassermollusken der Balearischen Inseln''. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 255 pp., .
* † '' Bithynia leberonensis'' Fischer & Tournouër, 1873
* '' Bithynia lithoglyphoides'' (Nesemann & G. Sharma, 2007)
* '' Bithynia longicornis'' Benson - in China
* '' Bithynia majorcina'' Glöer & Rolán, 2007Glöer P. & Rolán E. (2007). "''Bithynia majorcina'' n. sp., a new species from the Balearics (Gastropoda: Bithyniidae). pp. 159-162. In: Beckmann K.-H.: ''Die Land- und Süßwassermollusken der Balearischen Inseln''. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 255 pp., .
* '' Bithynia manonellesi'' Altaba, 2007
* † '' Bithynia marasinica'' Andrusov, 1909
* '' Bithynia mazandaranensis'' Glöer & Pešić, 2012
* † '' Bithynia mediocris'' Ludwig, 1865
* † '' Bithynia minor'' Locard, 1878
* '' Bithynia misella'' (Gredler, 1884)
* '' Bithynia montenegrina'' Wohlberedt, 1901
* '' Bithynia mostarensis'' Möllendorff, 1873
* † '' Bithynia multicostata'' Tchernov, 1975
* '' Bithynia nakeae'' Glöer & Beckmann, 2007
* '' Bithynia numidica'' Bourguignat, 1864
* '' Bithynia orcula'' Frauenfeld, 1862
* '' Bithynia pauli'' Altaba, 2007
* '' Bithynia pesicii'' Glöer & Yildirim, 2006
* ''Bithynia phialensis'' (Conrad, 1852)
* † '' Bithynia phrygica'' (Fischer in Tchihatcheff, 1866)
* † '' Bithynia pilari'' Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875
* † '' Bithynia pisidica'' Oppenheim, 1919
* † '' Bithynia podarensis'' (Pană in Pană et al., 1981)
* † '' Bithynia pontica'' Gozhik, 2002
* '' Bithynia prespensis'' Hadžišče, 1963
* '' Bithynia prestoni'' Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
* † '' Bithynia protemmericia'' Willmann, 1981
* ''Bithynia pseudemmericia'' Schütt, 1964
* '' Bithynia pulchella'' (Benson, 1836)
* '' Bithynia quintanai'' Glöer & Beckmann, 2007
* '' Bithynia radomani'' Glöer & Pešić, 2007
* '' Bithynia raptiensis'' Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
* '' Bithynia reharensis'' Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
* '' Bithynia riddifordi'' Altaba, 2007
* † '' Bithynia rubella'' Schütt in Schütt & Besenecker, 1973
* ''Bithynia rubens'' (Menke, 1830)
* † '' Bithynia rumana'' Porumbaru, 1881
* † '' Bithynia sabbae'' Gozhik, 2002
* † '' Bithynia schuetti'' Schlickum & Strauch, 1974
* '' Bithynia schwabii'' Frauenfeld, 1865
* † '' Bithynia sermenazensis'' Depéret, 1894
* '' Bithynia shapkarevi'' Glöer, Shoreva & Slavevska-Stamenković, 2015
* '' Bithynia sibirica'' Westerlund, 1886
* ''Bithynia sistanica'' (Annandale & Prashad, 1919)
* '' Bithynia skadarskii'' Glöer & Pešić, 2007
* '' Bithynia starmuehlneri'' Glöer & Pešić, 2012
* '' Bithynia stenothyroides'' (Dohrn, 1857)
* '' Bithynia subbaraoi'' Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
* '' Bithynia timmii'' Odabaşı & Arslan, 2015
* ''Bithynia transsilvanica'' Bielz, 1853
* † '' Bithynia ungeri'' (Rolle, 1860)
* † '' Bithynia veneria'' Fontannes, 1881
* † '' Bithynia verneuili'' (Mayer, 1856)
* † '' Bithynia verrii'' de Stefani, 1880
* '' Bithynia vukotinovici'' Brusina, 1874 †
* '' Bithynia walderdorffii'' Frauenfeld, 1865
* ''Bithynia walkeri'' (Brandt, 1968)
* '' Bithynia yildirimi'' Glöer & Georgiev, 2012
* '' Bithynia zeta'' Glöer & Pešić, 2007
* † '' Bithynia zoranici'' Brusina, 1902

Synonyms:
* ''Bithynia badiella'' (Küster, 1852): synonym of '' Pseudobithynia badiella'' (Küster, 1853)
* † ''Bithynia bengestensis'' Fontannes, 1887: synonym of † '' Tylopoma bengestiensis'' (Fontannes, 1887)
* † ''Bithynia brusinai'' Halaváts, 1903: synonym of † ''Lithoglyphus acutus decipiens'' Brusina, 1885
* † ''Bithynia crassitesta'' (Brömme, 1883): synonym of † '' Parafossarulus crassitesta'' (Brömme, 1883)
* † ''Bithynia curta'' Locard, 1893: synonym of † ''Bithynia glabra helvetica'' (Wenz, 1930)
* † ''Bithynia gracilis'' Sandberger, 1875: synonym of † ''Bithynia glabra glabra'' (von Zieten, 1832)
* ''Bithynia hamicensis'' Pallary, 1939: synonym of '' Pseudobithynia hamicensis'' (Pallary, 1939)
* † ''Bithynia labiata'' Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875: synonym of † '' Neumayria labiata'' (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875)
* ''Bithynia leachi'' (Sheppard, 1823): synonym of ''Bithynia leachii'' (Sheppard, 1823)
* ''Bithynia majewsky'' Frauenfeld, 1862: synonym of ''Bithynia tentaculata'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* † ''Bithynia margaritula'' Fuchs, 1870: synonym of † ''Pseudamnicola (Pseudamnicola) margaritula'' (Fuchs, 1870)
* ''Bithynia narentana'' Locard, 1874 : synonym of '' Bithynia mostarensis'' Möllendorff, 1873
* ''Bithynia pentheri'' Sturany, 1904: synonym of '' Pseudobithynia pentheri'' (Sturany, 1904)
* ''Bithynia phaeacina'' Locard, 1887: synonym of '' Pseudobithynia renei'' (Letourneux, 1887)
* † Bithynia podwinensis Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875: synonym of † '' Neumayria podwinensis'' (Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875)
* † ''Bithynia proxima'' Fuchs, 1870: synonym of † '' Pseudamnicola proxima'' (Fuchs, 1870)
* ''Bithynia saulcyi'' Bourguignat, 1853: synonym of '' Pseudobithynia saulcyi'' (Bourguignat, 1853)
* † ''Bithynia scalaris'' Fuchs, 1877: synonym of † '' Bythinella megarensis'' Bukowski, 1896
* † ''Bithynia spoliata'' Stefanescu, 1896: synonym of † '' Neumayria spoliata'' (Stefanescu, 1896)
* ''Bithynia stossichiana'' Locard, 1894: synonym of '' Pseudobithynia renei'' (Letourneux, 1887)
* ''Bithynia uzielliana'' Issel, 1866: synonym of '' Gangetia uzielliana'' (Issel, 1866)
* † ''Bithynia vucotinovici'' Brusina, 1874: synonym of † '' Neumayria vukotinovici'' (Brusina, 1874)
* † ''Bithynia vukotinovici'' Brusina, 1874: synonym of † '' Neumayria vukotinovici'' (Brusina, 1874)

See also

* '' Parafossarulus''

References

Glöer P. & Pešić V. (2012) ''The freshwater snails (Gastropoda) of Iran, with descriptions of two new genera and eight new species''. ZooKeys 219: 11–61

External links

* Glöer P. & Pešić V. (2007). "The ''Bithynia'' species from Skadar Lake (Montenegro) (Gastropoda: Bithyniidae)". ''Mollusca'' 25(1): 7-12. Dresden.

{{Authority control

Bithyniidae
Gastropod genera
Taxa named by William Elford Leach