![Diocèse de Digne](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Dioc%C3%A8se_de_Digne.svg)
The Diocese of Digne (
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
: ''Dioecesis Diniensis'';
French: ''Diocèse de Digne'') is a
Latin Church
, native_name_lang = la
, image = San Giovanni in Laterano - Rome.jpg
, imagewidth = 250px
, alt = Façade of the Archbasilica of St. John in Lateran
, caption = Archbasilica of Saint Joh ...
ecclesiastical territory or
diocese
In Ecclesiastical polity, church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop.
History
In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided Roman province, pro ...
of the
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
in
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
. Erected in the 4th century as the Diocese of Digne, the diocese has been known as the Diocese of Digne–Riez–Sisteron since 1922. The diocese comprises the entire department of
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence or sometimes abbreviated as AHP (; oc, Aups d'Auta Provença; ) is a department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of France, bordering Alpes-Maritimes and Italy to the east, Var to the south, Vaucluse to the west ...
, in the
Region
In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as zones, lands or territories, are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and the interaction of humanity and t ...
of
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (; or , ; commonly shortened to PACA; en, Provence-Alps-French Riviera, italic=yes; also branded as Région Sud) is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France, the far southeastern on the mainland. Its pref ...
. The diocese was a
suffragan diocese
A suffragan diocese is one of the dioceses other than the metropolitan archdiocese that constitute an ecclesiastical province. It exists in some Christian denominations, in particular the Catholic Church, the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria ...
of the
Archdiocese of Aix-en-Provence and Arles until 2002 and is now a suffragan diocese in the
ecclesiastical province
An ecclesiastical province is one of the basic forms of jurisdiction
Jurisdiction (from Latin 'law' + 'declaration') is the legal term for the legal authority granted to a legal entity to enact justice. In federations like the United State ...
of the
metropolitan Archdiocese of Marseille
The Archdiocese of Marseille (Latin: ''Archidioecesis Massiliensis''; French: ''Archidiocèse de Marseille'') is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in France.[cathedra
A ''cathedra'' is the raised throne of a bishop in the early Christian basilica. When used with this meaning, it may also be called the bishop's throne. With time, the related term ''cathedral'' became synonymous with the "seat", or principa ...]
is found in
Digne Cathedral
Digne Cathedral (french: Cathédrale Saint-Jérome de Digne) is a Roman Catholic church architecture, church located in the town of Digne-les-Bains, France. The cathedral has been a ''monument historique'' since 1906. It is the seat of the Bishops ...
at the
episcopal see
An episcopal see is, in a practical use of the phrase, the area of a bishop's ecclesiastical jurisdiction.
Phrases concerning actions occurring within or outside an episcopal see are indicative of the geographical significance of the term, mak ...
of
Digne-les-Bains
Digne-les-Bains (; Occitan: ''Dinha dei Banhs''), or simply and historically Digne (''Dinha'' in the classical norm or ''Digno'' in the Mistralian norm), is the prefecture of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in the Provence-Alpes-Cô ...
.
Extent
By the
Concordat of 1801
The Concordat of 1801 was an agreement between Napoleon Bonaparte and Pope Pius VII, signed on 15 July 1801 in Paris. It remained in effect until 1905, except in Alsace-Lorraine, where it remains in force. It sought national reconciliation b ...
, this diocese was made to include the two departments of the
Hautes-Alpes
Hautes-Alpes (; oc, Auts Aups; en, Upper Alps) is a department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of Southeastern France. It is located in the heart of the French Alps, after which it is named. Hautes-Alpes had a population of 141,220 ...
and the
Basses-Alpes
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence or sometimes abbreviated as AHP (; oc, Aups d'Auta Provença; ) is a department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of France, bordering Alpes-Maritimes and Italy to the east, Var to the south, Vaucluse to the west, ...
; and in addition it received the former Diocese of Digne, the
Archdiocese of Embrun
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Embrun was located in southeastern France, in the mountains of the Maritime Alps, on a route that led from Gap by way of Briançon to Turin. It had as suffragans the Diocese of Digne, Diocese of Antibes and Gras ...
, the dioceses of
Gap,
Sisteron
Sisteron (; , oc, label=Mistralian norm, Sisteroun; from oc, label=Old Occitan, Sestaron) is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, southeastern France.
Sisteron is situated on the banks of the rive ...
and
Senez
Senez is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France.
Ecclesiastical history
Marcellus I, the first known bishop of Senez, attended the Council of Agde in 506 CE; nevertheless, Senez must have been an episcopal ...
, a part of the dioceses of
Glandèves and
Riez
Riez (; Provençal: ''Riés'') is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France.
Geography
The densely built village sits where two small rivers join—the Auvestre and the Colostre—in a glacially widen ...
, and fourteen parishes in the
Archdiocese of Aix-en-Provence and Arles and the
Diocese of Apt
The former French Catholic diocese of Apt, in southeast France, existed from the fourth century until the French Revolution. By the Concordat of 1801, it was suppressed, and its territory was divided between the diocese of Digne and the diocese of ...
. In 1822 Gap was revived as an episcopal see, with its territory comprising the department of the Hautes-Alpes. The present Diocese of Digne, divested of the department of the Hautes Alpes, covers the territory formerly included in the Dioceses of Digne, Senez, Glandèves, Riez and Sisteron.
History
The former diocese of Digne was evangelized by
Saints Domninus and
Vincentius
Vincent ( la, Vincentius) is a male given name derived from the Roman name Vincentius, which is derived from the Latin word (''to conquer'').
People with the given name Artists
*Vincent Apap (1909–2003), Maltese sculptor
*Vincent van Gogh ...
who came from North Africa in the second half of the fourth century with Saint Marcellinus, the Apostle of
Embrun. There is no evidence, however, that they were bishops. The first historically known bishop was Pentadius who attended the
Council of Agde
The Council of Agde was a regional synod held in September 506 at Agatha or Agde, on the Mediterranean coast east of Narbonne, in the Septimania region of the Visigothic Kingdom, with the permission of the Visigothic King Alaric II.
The Council ...
in 506.
Cathedral
The original cathedral of Digne (Cathédrale Notre-Dame-du-Bourg de Digne) was in Bourg, the city of Digne and the Bourg being two separate legal entities. The earliest architectural remains on the site where the cathedral now stands consist of a wall of Gallo-Roman construction, which local authorities and amateurs would like to push back to the time of Constantine, or at least, as Canon J.-F. Cruvellier admits, to the Constantinian era. It would be completely improper, however, to call this church a cathedral, since it cannot be shown that there was a bishop in Digne until after 500. The second church, as was first asserted by
Honoré Bouche
Honoré Bouche (27 May 1599 – 16 March 1671) was a French priest and historian of Provence.
Biography
Honoré Bouche was born in Aix-en-Provence on 27 May 1599.
He was the son of Balthazard Bouche and Louise Meyronnet.
His older brother, born ...
, was traditionally believed to have been built or rebuilt by Charlemagne. He made the same claim for the cathedrals of Avignon, Embrun, Seine, Senez, and Glandèves. In 1479, when the Chapter of Digne was attempting to persuade
Pope Sixtus IV
Pope Sixtus IV ( it, Sisto IV: 21 July 1414 – 12 August 1484), born Francesco della Rovere, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 9 August 1471 to his death in August 1484. His accomplishments as pope include ...
to grant them the Priory of Saint-Pierre d'Albéra, they impressed him by claiming that their church had been founded and endowed by Charlemagne himself.
In a bull of 1180 (or 1184), addressed to Ugo the Provost and the Canons of S. Maria Dignensis, in which
Pope Alexander III
Pope Alexander III (c. 1100/1105 – 30 August 1181), born Roland ( it, Rolando), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 September 1159 until his death in 1181.
A native of Siena, Alexander became pope after a con ...
takes the Church of Digne under papal protection, the first notation is ''Burgum Dinense, in quo ecclesia vestra constitit'' ('Bourg, in which your church is situated'). Jurisdiction over the Bourg belonged to the Provost from 1280, by way of a grant of Count
Raymond Berenguer IV of Provence
Ramon Berenguer IV (french: Raimond-Bérenger; 1198 – 19 August 1245) was a member of the House of Barcelona who ruled as count of Provence and Forcalquier. He was the first count of Provence to live in the county in more than one hundred years ...
.
On 26 July 1397, during the episcopate of Nicholas de Corbières, the Cathedral of Notre-Dame, which had been rebuilt, and consecrated in 1330, and the church of the convent of the Franciscans were burned. The fires were deliberately set, apparently by bands of Vicomte Raymond de Turenne.
Notre-Dame du Bourg was attacked again, sacked, and consigned to the flames in 1560 by the
Huguenots
The Huguenots ( , also , ) were a Religious denomination, religious group of French people, French Protestants who held to the Reformed, or Calvinist, tradition of Protestantism. The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss politica ...
. They returned and wreaked more destruction in 1562, 1568, 1574, and 1591. In 1591 the
Duc de Lesdiguières, who had just successfully reduced the Dauphiné to obedience to Henri IV and captured Grenoble, was appealed to by the Duc de la Valette, Governor of Provence, to help him against the forces of
the League
''The League'' is an American sitcom that aired on FX and later FXX from October 29, 2009, to December 9, 2015, for a total of seven seasons. The series, set in Chicago, Illinois, is a semi-improvised comedy show about a fantasy football league ...
, who were being supported by the
Duke of Savoy
The titles of count, then of duke of Savoy are titles of nobility attached to the historical territory of Savoy. Since its creation, in the 11th century, the county was held by the House of Savoy. The County of Savoy was elevated to a Duchy of Sav ...
. In April 1591, Lesdiguières won the Battle of Esperron, and then in October he appeared before Digne. He directed his cannon first against the monastery of Saint-Vincent, which was being fortified and defended by the forces of the League, and then against the Cathedral of Notre-Dame, which received 54 volleys. The Leaguers capitulated and were allowed to withdraw. They left behind a huge cache of gunpowder in the crypt, however, and, in the removal of those supplies in 1593, further damage was done to tombs and burials. Luckily Notre-Dame du Bourg was not put up for sale or destruction in the confiscations of 1793. Later it was classed as an historical monument, second class, and survived. The episcopal palace was not so lucky. The wars of religion had done such damage that the new bishop, Antoine de Bologne, was not able to reside there when he arrived in Digne in March 1602, but had to live in rented quarters until a new building could be erected.
The Basilica of Saint-Jerôme, which served as a cathedral after the Huguenot devastations of the 16th century, had its foundations begun by Bishop Antoine Guiramand in 1490. He chose a site in the citadel, next to the fortifications. Notre-Dame du Bourg continues to be the cathedral down to the present time, and episcopal functions are regularly held there. A priest and a deacon were ordained in the cathedral on 18 June 2017.
Chapter
In the medieval period the Cathedral Chapter of Digne was composed of a Provost and thirteen Canons, among whom were the Archdeacon, the Sacristan, and the Precentor. The earliest known Provost was Guillaume de Benevento in 1175. In 1669 it was composed of four dignities (''dignités'', not 'dignitaries') and nineteen canons. In 1742 there were three dignities and ten canons. In the mid-nineteenth century, the Chapter was composed of the two Archdeacons (who were Vicars General of the diocese) and nine titular Canons; there were also thirty honorary Canons, of whom ten had to be from the diocese.
Plague
In 1629 all of Provence was struck by a visitation of the (bubonic) plague. Fears of an invasion had already been aroused in 1628, and the Parliament of Aix issued orders to every commune in Provence to be on watch and to establish a bureau of sanitation in its area. On 10 September 1628 Digne complied and established its bureau of ten members; it also ordered the Consuls of Digne to secure the highways. The plague made its appearance in Digne by the first week in June. From 5 October 1629 to 21 March 1630 the inhabitants were quarantined inside the city. Plague returned at the beginning of June 1631, lasting through the middle of November. In July it struck the convent of the Récollets. An infirmary was set up in the convent of the Franciscans (Cordelliers), though this order was countermanded, so that the chapel could remain in service. The shortage of priests was such that the church of Saint-Jérôme had no clergy at all. The convent and church of the Observant Franciscans were closed. Only the chapel of the Récollets continued to hold services.
Pierre Gassendi
Pierre Gassendi (; also Pierre Gassend, Petrus Gassendi; 22 January 1592 – 24 October 1655) was a French philosopher, Catholic priest, astronomer, and mathematician. While he held a church position in south-east France, he also spent much tim ...
, who was Provost of the Cathedral Chapter of Digne from 1634 to 1655, reported that, at Digne, before the plague there were some ten thousand inhabitants, but that afterwards only fifteen hundred remained. A generation later, in 1669, the numbers had recovered only to around six thousand persons.
In 1652 the Jesuits established a collège for the education of the youth of Digne.
Revolution
In 1790 the
National Constituent Assembly decided to bring the French church under the control of the State. Civil government of the provinces was to be reorganized into new units called '
départements
A department (, ) is an administrative or political division in several countries. Departments are the first-level divisions of 11 countries, nine in the Americas and two in Africa. An additional 10 countries use departments as second-level div ...
', originally intended to be 83 or 84 in number. The dioceses of the Roman Catholic Church were to be reduced in number, to coincide as much as possible with the new departments. Since there were more than 130 bishoprics at the time of the Revolution, more than fifty dioceses needed to be suppressed and their territories consolidated. Clergy would need to take an oath of allegiance to the State and its Constitution, specified by the
Civil Constitution of the Clergy, and they would become salaried officials of the State. Both bishops and priests would be elected by special 'electors' in each department. This meant schism, since bishops would no longer need to be approved (preconised) by the Papacy; the transfer of bishops, likewise, which had formerly been the exclusive prerogative of the pope in canon law, would be the privilege of the State; the election of bishops no longer lay with the Cathedral Chapters (which were all abolished), or other responsible clergy, or the Pope, but with electors who did not even have to be Catholics or Christians. All monasteries, convents and religious orders in France were dissolved, and their members were released from their vows by order of the National Constituent Assembly (which was uncanonical); their property was confiscated "for the public good", and sold to pay the bills of the French government. Cathedral Chapters were also dissolved.
Bishops who refused to take the oath to the Constitution were considered to have resigned their posts. Bishop François du Mouchet de Villedieu was one of the non-jurors, and consequently a new election was ordered by the
Legislative Assembly. The diocese of Digne had been suppressed by the Civil Constitution and its territory had been merged into the new diocese of Basses-Alpes. The Electors met at Digne on 20 March 1791, and on the third ballot elected the Curé of Valensole, Jean-Baptiste-Romé de Villeneuve as the bishop of Basses-Alpes. The legitimate bishop de Villedieu sent the usurper two letters, but Villeneuve accepted the position and was consecrated at Nîmes by Constitutional Bishop Charles-Benoît Roux. The consecration was valid, but illicit, schismatic, and blasphemous. During
the Terror
The Reign of Terror (french: link=no, la Terreur) was a period of the French Revolution when, following the creation of the First Republic, a series of massacres and numerous public executions took place in response to revolutionary fervour, ...
he was ordered to resign his priestly offices, but he refused and spent thirteen months in prison in Digne; he was released only on 9 November 1794. But he returned to desolation. Reason had officially supplanted Religion in France, and the former churches were Temples of Reason. When Religion was restored in 1795, the Constitutional Church revived, except at Manosque and in the countryside, where it was the Roman Church or nothing. In 1798, under orders, he named and consecrated Constitutional bishops for Vaucluse and Bouches-du-Rhone. But he fell ill and died completely unrepentant on 23 December 1798.
Villeneuve was succeeded by his Vicar General, André Champsaud, former Curé of the Cathedral of Digne. He had been imprisoned with Villeneuve in 1793–1794, and had administered the diocese in 1795 on behalf of Villeneuve, who was ill. He was consecrated a bishop at Aix on 5 May 1799 by Constitutional bishop Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Aubert, and resigned in 1801. Champsaud solemnly retracted his errors in 1811, and died on 26 July 1826.
Under the Concordat of 1801
After the signing of the
Concordat of 1801
The Concordat of 1801 was an agreement between Napoleon Bonaparte and Pope Pius VII, signed on 15 July 1801 in Paris. It remained in effect until 1905, except in Alsace-Lorraine, where it remains in force. It sought national reconciliation b ...
with First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte, Pope Pius VII demanded the resignation of all bishops in France, in order to leave no doubt as to who was a legitimate bishop and who was a Constitutional imposter. He then immediately abolished all of the dioceses in France, for the same reason. Then he began to restore the old Ancien Régime dioceses, or most of them, though not with the same boundaries as before the
Revolution
In political science, a revolution (Latin: ''revolutio'', "a turn around") is a fundamental and relatively sudden change in political power and political organization which occurs when the population revolts against the government, typically due ...
. The diocese of Digne was revived by
Pope Pius VII
Pope Pius VII ( it, Pio VII; born Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti; 14 August 1742 – 20 August 1823), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 14 March 1800 to his death in August 1823. Chiaramonti was also a m ...
in his bull ''Qui Christi Domini'' of 29 November 1801. Through the influence of General Jean-Joseph Dessole (Dessolles), his uncle was nominated bishop of the restored diocese of Digne by First Consul
Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
on 29 April 1802, and preconised (approved) by
Pope Pius VII
Pope Pius VII ( it, Pio VII; born Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti; 14 August 1742 – 20 August 1823), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 14 March 1800 to his death in August 1823. Chiaramonti was also a m ...
on 6 May. He was consecrated in Paris on 11 July by the Bishop of Vannes.
Twentieth century
During the First World War, the diocese of Digne sent 130 of its clergy for mobilisation. Nine priests and three seminarians died in the conflict. Twelve were decorated with the
Croix de guerre
The ''Croix de Guerre'' (, ''Cross of War'') is a military decoration of France. It was first created in 1915 and consists of a square-cross medal on two crossed swords, hanging from a ribbon with various degree pins. The decoration was first awa ...
.
List of Bishops
to 1000
:
Domninus.html"_;"title="Saint_Domnin.html"_;"title="65:_Saint_Domnin">Domninus">Saint_Domnin.html"_;"title="65:_Saint_Domnin">Domninus:_[380:_Saint_Vincent_of_Digne.html" "title="Saint_Domnin">Domninus.html" ;"title="Saint_Domnin.html" ;"title="65: Saint Domnin">Domninus">Saint_Domnin.html" ;"title="65: Saint Domnin">Domninus: [380: Saint Vincent of Digne">Vincent
Vincent ( la, Vincentius) is a male given name derived from the Roman name Vincentius, which is derived from the Latin word (''to conquer'').
People with the given name Artists
*Vincent Apap (1909–2003), Maltese sculptor
*Vincent van Gogh ...
]
: [c. 439–c. 455: Nectarius of Digne, Nectarius]
: [Memorialis]
*506: Pentadius
: [524–527: Porcianus]
*c. 549–c. 554: Hilarius
*573–585: Heraclius
: [614: Maximus]
*650: Agapius (Agape) or Bobo (Bobon)
*798: Raganbaldus
*899: Bledericus
*1025: Eminus
*c. 1028–c. 1038: Bernardus (I.)
*1038–c. 1068: Hugo (I.)
:
*1146: Gui
*c. 1150 (?): Pierre (I.) Hesmido
*Hugo (II.) de Vars
*Hugo (III.)
*Pierre (II.) de Droilla
*1179: Guillaume (I.) de Bénévent
*c. 1184/1185 — 1190 (?): Guigue de Revel, O.S.B.
*c. 1192 – c. 1196: Bertrand (I.) de Turriers
*1206: Ismido
*1209:
*1211 – 5 October 1232: L(antelmus)
*1233 – 1242?: Hugues (IV.) de Laudun
*1247–1248: Amblard
*1248 – 25 May 1278: Bonifatius
*1289–c. 1295: Guillaume (II.) de Porcellet, O.Min.
* (c. 1297 – after August 1299) Hugo
*c. 1302–c. 1318: Renaud de Porcelet
*1318–1323?: Armandus
*1324–1327: Guillaume (III.) de Sabran
*1327 – 7 October 1341: Elzéar de Villeneuve
*1341–1361: Jean (I.) Peissoni
*1362 – c. 1385 ?: Bertrand (II.) de Seguret
*1386 – 5 March 1406: Nicolas de Corbières
*1406–1432: Bertrandus (III.) Radulphi, O.Min.
*1432–1439: Pierre (III.) de Verceil (Versailles), O.S.B.
*1439–1445:
*1445 – 22 July 1466: Pierre (IV.) Turelure, O.P.
*26 September 1466 – August 1479: Conrad de La Croix
*c. 1479 – c. 1513: Antoine de Guiramand
*1513–1536: François de Guiramand
*1536–1545: Chérubin d'Orsière
*1546 – c. 1552: Antoine Olivier
*1552–1568: Antoine Hérouet
*1568–1587: Henri Le Meignen
*1587–1602: Claude Coquelet
* 1602–1615: Antoine (IV.) de Bologne
* 1615–1628: Louis (I.) de Bologne
* 1628–1664: Raphaël de Bologne
* 1664–1668:
* 1668–1669: Jean-Armand de Rotondis de Biscarras
* 1669–1675: Jean (II.) de Vintimille du Luc
* 1675–1678: Henri (II.) Félix de Tassy
* 1678–1708: François (II.) Le Tellier
* 1708–1728: Henri de Pujet
* 1730–1741: Antoine Amable de Feydeau, O.Carm.
:
*1742–1746: Jean-Louis du Lau
*1747–1758: Louis Sextius de Jarente de La Bruyère
*1758–1784: Pierre-Paul du Queylar
*1784–1790: François du Mouchet de Villedieu
**Jean-Baptiste-Romé de Villeneuve (Constitutional bishop of Basses-Alpes) (1791–1798)
**André Champsaud (Constitutional bishop of Basses-Alpes) (1798–1801)
1840–1848
*Marie-Julien Meirieu 1848–1880
*Louis-Joseph-Marie-Ange Vigne 1880–1885
*Alfred-François Fleury-Hottot 1885–1887
*Henri-Abel Mortier 1887–1889
*Pierre-Paul Servonnet 1889–1897
*Jean Hazera 1897–1905
*Dominique Castellan 1906–1915
*Léon-Adolphe Lenfant 1915–1917
*Jean-Joseph-Benoît-Marie Martel 1917–1923
*Cosme-Benjamin Jorcin 1923–1958
*René-Fernand-Bernardin Collin,
)
*François-Xavier Jacques Marie Loizeau 1997–2014
*Jean-Philippe Nault 2015–2022 (appointed
* Cruvellier, J.-F. (Canon) (1883) "Notice sur l'église de Notre-Dame du Bourg à Digne, ancienne cathedrale de Digne," 3 (1882-3) 149-152, 188-198, 245-248, 291-295; 4 (1883), 75-82, 116-120, 205-212, 250-251, 289-293; 5 (1884), 188-200, 248-262, 408-416.
* second edition (in French)
*
*Fisquet, Honoré (1864).
', 1re partie: Digne et Riez (Paris: Étienne Repos 1864).
*Guichard, Firmin (1844).
'. Digne: Mme. V. A. Guichard.
*
*
*Guichard, Firmin (1845)
Digne: Mme. V. A. Guichard.
*
*
*Isnard, Émile (1915).
...'' Digne:Imprimerie Chaspoul. {Hathi Trust: read on-line]
*
*
*
*
''The Catholic Encyclopedia.'' Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. retrieved 2017-07-28.
*David M. Cheney