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The Anglican Church of South America ( es, Iglesia Anglicana de Sudamérica) is the
ecclesiastical province An ecclesiastical province is one of the basic forms of jurisdiction Jurisdiction (from Latin 'law' + 'declaration') is the legal term for the legal authority granted to a legal entity to enact justice. In federations like the United State ...
of the
Anglican Communion The Anglican Communion is the third largest Christian communion after the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. Founded in 1867 in London, the communion has more than 85 million members within the Church of England and other ...
that covers six dioceses in the countries of
Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...
,
Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...
,
Paraguay Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to th ...
,
Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal , national_motto = "Fi ...
, and
Uruguay Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( es, República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast; while bordering ...
. Formed in 1981, the province has 35,000 members. The vast majority of its members (30,000) live in Argentina (specifically in and around Buenos Aires) with its members in the rest of South America being thinly spread. It is one of the smaller provinces in the Anglican Communion in terms of members, although one of the largest in geographical extent. The province was known as "The Province of the
Southern Cone The Southern Cone ( es, Cono Sur, pt, Cone Sul) is a geographical and cultural subregion composed of the southernmost areas of South America, mostly south of the Tropic of Capricorn. Traditionally, it covers Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, bou ...
of America" from its formation in 1981 until September 2014, when it formally changed its name to "The Anglican Church of South America". The province also included
Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...
, until the inception of the new
Anglican Church of Chile The Anglican Church of Chile ( es, Iglesia Anglicana de Chile) is the ecclesiastical province of the Anglican Communion that covers four dioceses in Chile. Formed in 2018, the province is the 40th and the newest in the Anglican Communion. The pro ...
as an autonomous province of the
Anglican Communion The Anglican Communion is the third largest Christian communion after the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. Founded in 1867 in London, the communion has more than 85 million members within the Church of England and other ...
, on 4 November 2018.


History

During the 19th century, British immigrants to
South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southe ...
brought
Anglicanism Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition that has developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the context of the Protestant Reformation in Europe. It is one of the ...
with them. In Britain, a voluntary Anglican society was formed in 1844 to evangelize the
indigenous peoples Indigenous peoples are culturally distinct ethnic groups whose members are directly descended from the earliest known inhabitants of a particular geographic region and, to some extent, maintain the language and culture of those original people ...
of
Tierra del Fuego Tierra del Fuego (, ; Spanish for "Land of the Fire", rarely also Fireland in English) is an archipelago off the southernmost tip of the South American mainland, across the Strait of Magellan. The archipelago consists of the main island, Isla G ...
. This later became the
South American Mission Society The South American Mission Society was founded at Brighton in 1844 as the Patagonian Mission. Captain Allen Gardiner, R.N., was the first secretary. The name "Patagonian Mission" was retained for twenty years, when the new title was adopted. The n ...
(SAMS) and extended its activities to the Araucanian regions of Chile and the Chaco. It still has an important place in the life of the church.But, since 2010, SAMS has been part of the new
Church Mission Society The Church Mission Society (CMS), formerly known as the Church Missionary Society, is a British mission society working with the Christians around the world. Founded in 1799, CMS has attracted over nine thousand men and women to serve as mission ...
.
The first diocese was established in 1869 as the Diocese of the Falkland Islands and the rest of South America, excepting
British Guiana British Guiana was a British colony, part of the mainland British West Indies, which resides on the northern coast of South America. Since 1966 it has been known as the independent nation of Guyana. The first European to encounter Guiana was S ...
. The see of the bishop was in Buenos Aires.This was due to legal requirements at the time, which did not allow the Church of England to consecrate or appoint bishops outside those territories under the jurisdiction of the Crown. Despite its title, the diocese's effective territory was restricted to the Southern Cone plus Peru and Bolivia. By contrast, Anglican/Episcopal congregations in Brazil and the more northern Spanish-speaking countries were effectively under the wing of the
Episcopal Church of the USA The Episcopal Church, based in the United States with additional dioceses elsewhere, is a member church of the worldwide Anglican Communion. It is a mainline Protestant denomination and is divided into nine provinces. The presiding bishop of ...
. As the Anglican Church and its mission grew in South America, new dioceses were created from that larger one. Missionary bishops were appointed to smaller dioceses. Until 1974, these missionary dioceses were under the metropolitical oversight of the
Archbishop of Canterbury The archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and a principal leader of the Church of England, the ceremonial head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. The current archbishop is Justi ...
. For the next seven years, they were administered by an ''ad hoc'' council known by the acronym CASA (''Consejo Anglicano de Sud América''), which also had Brazilian members. In 1981, the five dioceses of ''Argentina'' (at the time including Uruguay, which became an independent diocese only in 1988,) ''Northern Argentina'', ''Peru and Bolivia'' (separated into two dioceses subsequent to 1988), ''Chile'', and ''Paraguay'' came together to form the Province of the
Southern Cone The Southern Cone ( es, Cono Sur, pt, Cone Sul) is a geographical and cultural subregion composed of the southernmost areas of South America, mostly south of the Tropic of Capricorn. Traditionally, it covers Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, bou ...
. In November 2010, at a provincial synod held in Argentina, Bishop
Tito Zavala Héctor "Tito" Zavala Muñoz (born 16 October 1954) is a Chilean Anglican bishop. He was the first native Bishop of the Anglican Diocese of Chile and later the first Latin American Presiding Bishop of the Anglican Church of the Southern Cone of Ame ...
, Diocesan Bishop of Chile, was elected primate. He was the first South American-born primate of the province, and served for six years. In November 2016, at the provincial synod in Santiago, Chile, Bishop Gregory Venables, was re-elected primate of the Province of South America. He had previously served from 2001-2010. In early 2018 the Diocese of Chile split into four dioceses, and in November that year those dioceses were removed from the Anglican Church of South America and formed into an autonomous province named the Anglican Church of Chile, with Tito Zavala as its first primate.


Doctrine

The province is distinguished by a conservative interpretation of Biblical texts and church practice while some dioceses are more liberal.


Ordination of women

The province has been outspoken in its opposition to the ordination of women to the priesthood, generally appealing to scriptural issues of headship as the basis for such opposition. The Diocese of Uruguay, which has historically been more liberal than other parts of the province, made a formal request in 2011 to be allowed to admit women to the priesthood. This request was received by the provincial synod meeting held in Asunción, Paraguay, in November 2011, and was rejected. However, in 2015 Bolivia became the first diocese in the province to ordain women as priests, ordaining the Rev. Tammy Smith-Firestone. Later that year Rev. Susana Lopez Lerena, the Rev. Cynthia Myers Dickin and the Rev. Audrey Taylor Gonzalez became the first women Anglican priests ordained in the Diocese of Uruguay.


Human sexuality

The Anglican Church of South America is a part of
GAFCON The Global Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans (branded as GAFCON or Gafcon) is a global network of conservative Anglicanism, Anglican churches that formed in 2008 in response to an ongoing theological crisis in the worldwide Anglican Communion. ...
, a conservative coalition of Anglican provinces opposing non-celibate homosexuality and same-sex marriage. Some representatives in the Diocese of Uruguay have supported gay and lesbian rights.


Dioceses


Diócesis de Argentina (Diocese of Argentina)

* Diocesan bishop —
Brian Williams Brian Douglas Williams (born May 5, 1959) is an American retired journalist and television news anchor. He was a reporter for ''NBC Nightly News'' starting in 1993, before his promotion to anchor and managing editor of the broadcast in 2004. ...
2020– *Previous bishops: Edward Francis Every, 1910–1937;
John Weller John Weller may refer to: * John B. Weller (1812–1875), governor of California, congressman from Ohio, U.S. senator from California, and minister to Mexico * John Weller (bishop) (1880–1969), Anglican priest * John Sheridan Weller, attorney ...
, 1937–1946; Daniel Ivor Evans, 1946–1962; Cyril Tucker, 1963–1975;
Richard Cutts Richard Cutts (June 28, 1771 – April 7, 1845) was an American merchant and politician. A Democratic-Republican, he was most notable for his service as Second Comptroller of the United States Treasury from 1817 to 1829 and a United States repr ...
, 1975–1988; David Leake, 1989–2001;
Gregory Venables Gregory James Venables (born 6 December 1949) is an English Anglican bishop. He has served as the Primate of the Southern Cone in South America from 2001 until 2010, and once again since 2016 until 2020. He is the former diocesan bishop of Arg ...
, 2002-2020;


Diócesis de Argentina Norte (Diocese of Northern Argentina)

Founded 1969.Markham. Ian S. & al. (eds), "La Iglesia Anglicana del Cono Sur (The Anglican Province of the Cono Sur)" (Chapter 50) in ''The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to the Anglican Communion'
Google Books
(Accessed 7 September 2016)
* Diocesan bishop — Nicholas James Quested Drayson, 2001– * Suffragan bishop —
Mateo Alto Mateo Alto is a Qom Anglican Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition that has developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the context of the Protestant Reforma ...
* Suffragan bishop — Cristiano Rojas * Suffragan bishop —
Urbano Duarte Cristiano Rojas (1950-2018) was a Wichí Anglican Anglican Church of the Southern Cone of America, Suffragan Bishop in Northern Argentina. Duarte was born in El Yuto. He was a school teacher as well as a priest. He died on 10 September 2018. Refer ...
*Previous bishops:
Bill Flagg William R. Flagg (born March 11, 1934) is an American country and rockabilly singer, who was the first to use the term ''rockabilly''. Life Childhood and youth Bill Flagg was born and raised in Waterville, Maine. Shortly after the start ...
, 1969–1973;
Patrick Harris Patrick Burnet Harris (30 September 193426 December 2020) was a Church of England bishop who served in two episcopal positions. He was educated at St Albans School and Keble College, Oxford. He trained for ordination at Clifton Theological C ...
, 1973–1979; David Leake, 1979–1989; Maurice Sinclair, 1990–2001


Diócesis de Bolivia (Diocese of Bolivia)

Inaugurated as a diocese in 1995. Missionaries began their work in the early 1980s. * Diocesan bishop — Raphael R. Samuel, 2013–. Graduate of
Trinity Theological College, Singapore Trinity Theological College (TTC), Singapore, was founded in 1948 as a union college between Anglicans, Methodists, and Presbyterians for theological training. The Lutherans joined the union in 1963. Academic programmes are offered in both Englis ...
in 1984, missionary from the diocese of Singapore. The longest serving Anglican missionary in Bolivia. *Previous bishops: Gregory James Venables, 1995–2001, Frank Lyons, 2001–2012


Diócesis de Paraguay (Diocese of Paraguay)

Founded 1973. * Diocesan bishop — Peter Bartlett, 2008– * Auxiliary bishop —
Andrés Rodríguez Erben Andrés Rodríguez Erben is an Anglican Auxiliary Bishop of Paraguay. References Living people Anglican bishops of Paraguay 21st-century Anglican bishops in South America Year of birth missing (living people) Place of birth missing (li ...
*Previous bishops:
Douglas Milmine Douglas Milmine (3 May 1921 – 28 February 2017) was the Anglican Bishop of Paraguay from 1973 to 1985. Education Milmine was educated at Sutton Valence School and St Peter's Hall, Oxford; and was ordained in 1947. War service Milmine s ...
, 1973–1985; John Ellison, 1988-2007


Diócesis de Perú (Diocese of Peru)

Founded 1977. * Diocesan bishop — Jorge Luis Aguilar, 2017– * Suffragan/Missionary bishop — Alejandro Mesco * Suffragan/Missionary bishop —
Juan Carlos Revilla Juan Carlos Revilla is an Anglican Bishop. Revilla was consecrated in 2015 as an Bishop, Auxiliary Bishop in Peru. References

Anglican bishops of Peru Living people 21st-century Anglican bishops in South America Year of birth missing ( ...
*Previous bishops:
Bill Flagg William R. Flagg (born March 11, 1934) is an American country and rockabilly singer, who was the first to use the term ''rockabilly''. Life Childhood and youth Bill Flagg was born and raised in Waterville, Maine. Shortly after the start ...
, 1977; David Evans, 1978–1988;
Alan Winstanley Alan Kenneth Winstanley (born 2 November 1952) is an English record producer and songwriter, active from the mid-1970s onwards. He usually works with Clive Langer. His early career during the mid-1970s was as an audio engineer, working on album ...
, 1988–1993;
William Godfrey William Godfrey (1889–1963) was an English Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Westminster and ''de facto'' primate of England and Wales from 1956 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1958. B ...
, 1998–2017


Diócesis de Uruguay (Diocese of Uruguay)

Founded 1988 from Argentina. See city,
Cathedral of The Most Holy Trinity, Montevideo The Cathedral of The Most Holy Trinity ( es, Catedral de la Santísima Trinidad), popularly known as "Templo Inglés", is an Anglican church in Montevideo, Uruguay. Overview The original temple dates back to the 1830s and was built directly on ...
* Diocesan bishop —
Michael Pollesel Michael Pollesel is a former Anglican bishop of Uruguay Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( es, República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwes ...
* Suffragan bishop — Gilberto Obdulio Porcal Martinez *Previous bishops:
William Godfrey William Godfrey (1889–1963) was an English Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Westminster and ''de facto'' primate of England and Wales from 1956 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1958. B ...
, 1988-1998


Separation of Peru

In July 2015 it was announced by the Anglican Communion secretariat that the Diocese of Peru was working towards emancipation from the Province of South America, with the intention of becoming an autonomous province of the Anglican Communion, consisting of four dioceses. The four dioceses were to be formed by splitting the current Diocese of Peru into the new dioceses of Lima, Arequipa, Chiclayo, and Huancayo. No date was announced for the formation of the province, but the intended first bishops of each diocese were consecrated. Bishops Alejandro Mesco, Juan Carlos Revilla, and Jorge Luis Aguilar, were all consecrated in July 2015; they are the first indigenous Peruvian bishops to be consecrated in the Anglican Communion. The decision to become an independent province was rescinded at the diocesan synod in 2017. The new bishops remain in post as auxiliary bishops within the diocese.


Separation of Chile

In July 2015 it was announced by the Anglican Communion secretariat that the Diocese of Chile was working towards emancipation from the Province of South America, with the intention of becoming an autonomous province of the Anglican Communion, consisting of four dioceses. The four dioceses were to be formed by splitting the current Diocese of Chile into the new dioceses of Concepción, Santiago, Temuco, and Valparaíso. The intended first bishops of the four dioceses were Tito Zavala (then the diocesan bishop), Abelino Manuel Apeleo (then the auxiliary bishop), and two new bishops who were consecrated in 2016 as additional auxiliaries, namely Alfred Cooper and Nelson Ojeda. The split into the four new dioceses took place in the early part of 2018, and the new province was formally constituted on 4 November 2018 by Archbishop
Justin Welby Justin Portal Welby (born 6 January 1956) is a British bishop who is the 105th Archbishop of Canterbury. He has served in that role since 2013. Welby was previously the vicar of Southam, Warwickshire, and then Bishop of Durham, serving for jus ...
and Presiding Bishop
Gregory Venables Gregory James Venables (born 6 December 1949) is an English Anglican bishop. He has served as the Primate of the Southern Cone in South America from 2001 until 2010, and once again since 2016 until 2020. He is the former diocesan bishop of Arg ...
. Tito Zavala and Abelino Manuel Apeleo became diocesan bishops as planned, along with former archdeacons Samuel Morrison and Him Enrique Lago. The two bishops consecrated in 2016 remain in post as auxiliary bishops within the diocese.


Anglican realignment

In 2003, after the consecration of
Gene Robinson Vicky Gene Robinson (born May 29, 1947) is a former bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of New Hampshire. Robinson was elected bishop coadjutor in 2003 and succeeded as bishop diocesan in March 2004. Before becoming bishop, he served as Canon to th ...
, a partnered homosexual, as the Bishop of New Hampshire in the
Episcopal Church in the United States of America The Episcopal Church, based in the United States with additional dioceses elsewhere, is a member church of the worldwide Anglican Communion. It is a mainline Protestant denomination and is divided into nine provinces. The presiding bishop o ...
, the Province of the Southern Cone severed its relationship with the Episcopal Church (the sole dissent in the diocesan synod was the vote of the Diocese of Uruguay, which voted to maintain full communion with both the
Anglican Church of Canada The Anglican Church of Canada (ACC or ACoC) is the Ecclesiastical province#Anglican Communion, province of the Anglican Communion in Canada. The official French-language name is ''l'Église anglicane du Canada''. In 2017, the Anglican Church co ...
and the Episcopal Church). The province has been involved in the
Anglican realignment The Anglican realignment is a movement among some Anglicans to align themselves under new or alternative oversight within or outside the Anglican Communion. This movement is primarily active in parts of the Episcopal Church in the United States ...
, as a member of the
Global South (Anglican) The Global South Fellowship of Anglican Churches, formerly known as Global South (Anglican), is a grouping of 24 Anglican churches, of which 22 are provinces of the Anglican Communion, plus the Anglican Church in North America and the Anglican Ch ...
, (GAFCON), and it is in full communion with the
Anglican Church in North America The Anglican Church in North America (ACNA) is a Christian denomination in the Anglican tradition in the United States and Canada. It also includes ten congregations in Mexico, two mission churches in Guatemala, and a missionary diocese in Cuba ...
, formed in 2009 by former members of the Episcopal Church. The Church of the Province of the Southern Cone decided previously to extend ecclesiastical jurisdiction to conservative congregations or dioceses (including some from the Diocese of Virginia) that departed from the Episcopal Church, but were located within its geographical authority. The bishops and a number of communicants of four dioceses in the United States — the Diocese of San Joaquin (ACNA), the
Anglican Diocese of Pittsburgh (ACNA) The Anglican Diocese of Pittsburgh is a diocese of the Anglican Church in North America. It has parishes in the several counties of Western Pennsylvania. In addition, the diocese has oversight of several parishes that are not located within its g ...
, the Episcopal Diocese of Fort Worth (ACNA) and the
Diocese of Quincy (ACNA) The Anglican Diocese of Quincy is a member of the Anglican Church in North America, and is made up of 34 congregations in the states of Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Texas, Iowa, Nebraska, Missouri, Hawai'i, Colorado, Tennessee, and Florida, in ...
– voted in their conventions to separate from the Episcopal Church and affiliate "on an emergency and temporary basis" with the Anglican Church of the Southern Cone of America. Those who have chosen to remain in the Episcopal Church in the United States have reformed their dioceses and have elected new leadership. In Canada, 72 parishes in Canada have formed the
Anglican Network in Canada The Anglican Network in Canada (ANiC) is a group of Anglican churches in Canada and the United States established in 2005 under the jurisdiction of the Anglican Province of the Southern Cone, a province of the Anglican Communion. It was a found ...
and identify as an "ecclesial body under the jurisdiction of the Anglican Province of the Southern Cone". The province also had provisional oversight over one diocese in Brazil, the Diocese of Recife (''Diocese do Recife'') under Bishop Robinson Cavalcanti, which withdrew from the Anglican Episcopal Church of Brazil, due to the diocese's opposition to the Brazilian policy of blessing same-sex unions, but later become an extra-provincial diocese of the Global South. The Anglican Communion Office does not recognize jurisdiction of the Southern Cone bishops over dioceses and ecclesiastical bodies located geographically outside Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay.


Notes and references

Notes References


Bibliography


External links

* http://www.anglicana.org.ar/ (official website of the Iglesia Anglicana Argentina, Diocese of Argentina)
South American Missionary Society

Iglesia Anglicana de Chile (Anglican Church of Chile)

Iglesia Anglicana del Uruguay (Anglican Church of Uruguay)


{{DEFAULTSORT:Anglican Church of South America
South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southe ...
Members of the World Council of Churches Christian organizations established in 1981 Anglican denominations in South America Anglicanism in South America Anglican realignment denominations
South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southe ...
Anglican dioceses in South America