enzymology Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. A ...

, a biotin— cetyl-CoA-carboxylaseligase () is an

enzyme Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. A ...

that

catalyzes Catalysis () is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed in the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recyc ...

the

chemical reaction A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the IUPAC nomenclature for organic transformations, chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the pos ...

:ATP + biotin + apo- cetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)

\rightleftharpoons

AMP + diphosphate + cetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming) The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP,

biotin Biotin (or vitamin B7) is one of the B vitamins. It is involved in a wide range of metabolic processes, both in humans and in other organisms, primarily related to the utilization of fats, carbohydrates, and amino acids. The name ''biotin'', bor ...

, and apo- cetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming) whereas its 3

products Product may refer to: Business * Product (business), an item that serves as a solution to a specific consumer problem. * Product (project management), a deliverable or set of deliverables that contribute to a business solution Mathematics * Produ ...

are

AMP #REDIRECT Amp {{Redirect category shell, {{R from other capitalisation{{R from ambiguous page ...

diphosphate In chemistry, pyrophosphates are phosphorus oxyanions that contain two phosphorus atoms in a P–O–P linkage. A number of pyrophosphate salts exist, such as disodium pyrophosphate (Na2H2P2O7) and tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7), among othe ...

, and acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming). This enzyme belongs to the family of

ligase In biochemistry, a ligase is an enzyme that can catalyze the joining (ligation) of two large molecules by forming a new chemical bond. This is typically via hydrolysis of a small pendant chemical group on one of the larger molecules or the enzym ...

s, specifically those forming generic carbon-nitrogen bonds. This enzyme participates in biotin metabolism. This protein may use the

morpheein Morpheeins are proteins that can form two or more different homo-oligomers (morpheein forms), but must come apart and change shape to convert between forms. The alternate shape may reassemble to a different oligomer. The shape of the subunit ...

model of

allosteric regulation In biochemistry, allosteric regulation (or allosteric control) is the regulation of an enzyme by binding an effector molecule at a site other than the enzyme's active site. The site to which the effector binds is termed the ''allosteric site ...

Nomenclature

The

systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature. A semisystematic name or semitrivial ...

of this enzyme class is biotin:apo- cetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)ligase (AMP-forming). Other names in common use include: * biotin- cetyl-CoA carboxylasesynthetase, * biotin- cetyl coenzyme A carboxylasesynthetase, * acetyl coenzyme A holocarboxylase synthetase, * acetyl CoA holocarboxylase synthetase, * biotin:apocarboxylase ligase, * biotin holoenzyme synthetase, * and HCS.

Nomenclature

References

Further reading