''Billardiera'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of small
vine
A vine (Latin ''vīnea'' "grapevine", "vineyard", from ''vīnum'' "wine") is any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent (that is, climbing) stems, lianas or runners. The word ''vine'' can also refer to such stems or runners themselv ...
s and
shrub
A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees ...
s in the family, ''
Pittosporaceae
Pittosporaceae is a family of flowering plants that consists of 200–240 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas in 9 genera. Habitats range from tropical to temperate climates of the Afrotropical, Indomalayan, Oceanian, and Australasian realms. T ...
'', which is
endemic
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...
to
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
. The genus was first formally described in 1793 by botanist
James Edward Smith James Edward Smith may refer to:
* James Edward Smith (botanist), English botanist and founder of the Linnean Society
* James Edward Smith (murderer), American murderer
* James Edward Smith (politician), Canadian businessman and mayor of Toronto
* ...
who named it in honour of
Jacques Labillardière
Jacques-Julien Houtou de Labillardière (28 October 1755 – 8 January 1834) was a French biologist noted for his descriptions of the flora of Australia. Labillardière was a member of a voyage in search of the Jean-François de Galaup, comte ...
, a French botanist.
[
]
Description
Members of the genus, ''Billardiera'', are woody climbers.[ The leathery leaves are alternate.][ The 5-merous hermaphroditic flowers are usually terminal, and may be solitary or clustered.][ The perianth consists of a distinct calyx and corolla.][ The petals are clawed. The anthers shed their pollen via longitudinal slits.][ There is one hairless style & stigma.][ The ovary is superior and either 2 or 3 locular, with the placentation being parietal.][ The fruit is either a two-celled capsule or a berry with one or two cells.][ The wingless seeds are often covered in a mucilaginous pulp.][
]
Distribution
The genus is endemic to Australia and found in all states and territories except the Northern Territory
The Northern Territory (commonly abbreviated as NT; formally the Northern Territory of Australia) is an states and territories of Australia, Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. The Northern Territory ...
Species include
* '' Billardiera bicolor'' ( Putt.) E.M.Benn.
* '' Billardiera coriacea'' Benth.
George Bentham (22 September 1800 – 10 September 1884) was an English botanist, described by the weed botanist Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century". Born into a distinguished family, he initially studie ...
* '' Billardiera cymosa'' F.Muell.
Baron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller, (german: Müller; 30 June 1825 – 10 October 1896) was a German-Australian physician, geographer, and most notably, a botanist. He was appointed government botanist for the then colony of Vic ...
* '' Billardiera drummondii'' ( C.Morren) L.Cayzer & Crisp
* '' Billardiera floribunda'' ( Putt.) F.Muell.
Baron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller, (german: Müller; 30 June 1825 – 10 October 1896) was a German-Australian physician, geographer, and most notably, a botanist. He was appointed government botanist for the then colony of Vic ...
(White-flowered billardiera)
* '' Billardiera fraseri'' (Hook.
Sir William Jackson Hooker (6 July 178512 August 1865) was an English botanist and botanical illustrator, who became the first director of Kew when in 1841 it was recommended to be placed under state ownership as a botanic garden. At Kew h ...
) F.Muell.
Baron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller, (german: Müller; 30 June 1825 – 10 October 1896) was a German-Australian physician, geographer, and most notably, a botanist. He was appointed government botanist for the then colony of Vic ...
(Elegant pronaya)
* ''Billardiera fusiformis
''Billardiera fusiformis'' (Australian bluebell) is a species of plant in the family, Pittosporaceae, which is endemic to Western Australia.
Description
''B. fusiformis'' is a sturdy climber, which flowers from November to February with blue, wh ...
'' Labill. (Australian bluebell)
* '' Billardiera heterophylla'' (Lindl.
John Lindley FRS (5 February 1799 – 1 November 1865) was an English botanist, gardener and orchidologist.
Early years
Born in Catton, near Norwich, England, John Lindley was one of four children of George and Mary Lindley. George Lindley ...
) L.Cayzer & Crisp (Bluebell creeper, purple appleberry, Australian bluebell)
* '' Billardiera laxiflora'' (Benth.
George Bentham (22 September 1800 – 10 September 1884) was an English botanist, described by the weed botanist Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century". Born into a distinguished family, he initially studie ...
) E.M.Benn.
Eleanor Marion Bennett (born 4 February 1942) (née Scrymgeour) is an Australian botanist who was employed by the Western Australian Herbarium from 1965 to 1970. She collected ''Eucalyptus'' species in the south-west of Western Australia and pub ...
* '' Billardiera lehmanniana'' F.Muell.
Baron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller, (german: Müller; 30 June 1825 – 10 October 1896) was a German-Australian physician, geographer, and most notably, a botanist. He was appointed government botanist for the then colony of Vic ...
* '' Billardiera longiflora'' Labill.
* '' Billardiera macrantha'' Hook.f.
Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (30 June 1817 – 10 December 1911) was a British botanist and explorer in the 19th century. He was a founder of geographical botany and Charles Darwin's closest friend. For twenty years he served as director of ...
* '' Billardiera mutabilis'' Salisb.
Richard Anthony Salisbury, Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (born Richard Anthony Markham; 2 May 1761 – 23 March 1829) was a British botanist. While he carried out valuable work in horticultural and botanical sciences, several bitter disputes ...
(Climbing appleberry)
* '' Billardiera nesophila'' L.Cayzer & D.L.Jones
David Lloyd Jones (born 1944) is an Australians, Australian horticultural botanist and the author of many books and papers, especially on Australian orchids.
Jones was born in Victoria (Australia), Victoria and in his youth was a student at Burnl ...
* '' Billardiera ovalis'' Lindl.
John Lindley FRS (5 February 1799 – 1 November 1865) was an English botanist, gardener and orchidologist.
Early years
Born in Catton, near Norwich, England, John Lindley was one of four children of George and Mary Lindley. George Lindley ...
* '' Billardiera procumbens'' (Hook.
Sir William Jackson Hooker (6 July 178512 August 1865) was an English botanist and botanical illustrator, who became the first director of Kew when in 1841 it was recommended to be placed under state ownership as a botanic garden. At Kew h ...
)
* '' Billardiera rubens'' L.Cayzer, Crisp & I.Telford
* '' Billardiera scandens'' Sm.
__NOTOC__
Sir James Edward Smith (2 December 1759 – 17 March 1828) was an English botanist and founder of the Linnean Society.
Early life and education
Smith was born in Norwich in 1759, the son of a wealthy wool merchant. He displayed a ...
(Hairy appleberry)
* '' Billardiera sericophora'' F.Muell.
Baron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller, (german: Müller; 30 June 1825 – 10 October 1896) was a German-Australian physician, geographer, and most notably, a botanist. He was appointed government botanist for the then colony of Vic ...
* '' Billardiera speciosa'' (Endl.
Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher also known as Endlicher István László (24 June 1804, Pressburg, Bratislava (Pozsony) – 28 March 1849, Vienna) was an Austrian Empire, Austrian botanist, numismatist and Sinologist. He was a director of the Botan ...
)
* '' Billardiera uniflora'' E.M.Benn.
Eleanor Marion Bennett (born 4 February 1942) (née Scrymgeour) is an Australian botanist who was employed by the Western Australian Herbarium from 1965 to 1970. She collected ''Eucalyptus'' species in the south-west of Western Australia and pub ...
* '' Billardiera variifolia'' DC.
Augustin Pyramus (or Pyrame) de Candolle (, , ; 4 February 17789 September 1841) was a Swiss botanist. René Louiche Desfontaines launched de Candolle's botanical career by recommending him at a herbarium. Within a couple of years de Candolle ...
* '' Billardiera venusta'' ( Putt.) L.Cayzer & Crisp
* '' Billardiera versicolor'' F.Muell.
Baron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller, (german: Müller; 30 June 1825 – 10 October 1896) was a German-Australian physician, geographer, and most notably, a botanist. He was appointed government botanist for the then colony of Vic ...
ex Klatt (Pale appleberry)
* '' Billardiera villosa'' ( Turcz.) E.M.Benn.
Eleanor Marion Bennett (born 4 February 1942) (née Scrymgeour) is an Australian botanist who was employed by the Western Australian Herbarium from 1965 to 1970. She collected ''Eucalyptus'' species in the south-west of Western Australia and pub ...
* '' Billardiera viridiflora'' L.Cayzer & D.L.Jones
David Lloyd Jones (born 1944) is an Australians, Australian horticultural botanist and the author of many books and papers, especially on Australian orchids.
Jones was born in Victoria (Australia), Victoria and in his youth was a student at Burnl ...
References
External links
''Billardiera'' Key to South Australian species
eloraSA Electronic Flora of South Australia.
* Bennett, E.M. 1972.
* Bennett, E.M. 1978.
Apiales genera
Flora of Western Australia
Flora of South Australia
Flora of Queensland
Flora of New South Wales
Flora of Victoria (Australia)
Flora of the Australian Capital Territory
Endemic flora of Tasmania
Taxa named by James Edward Smith
{{Australia-asterid-stub