Bill Manbo (1908–1992) was an amateur photographer who documented the incarceration of people of Japanese ancestry during World War II in Kodachrome photographs.

Early life

Bill Manbo was born in

Riverside Riverside may refer to: Places Australia * Riverside, Tasmania, a suburb of Launceston, Tasmania Canada * Riverside (electoral district), in the Yukon * Riverside, Calgary, a neighbourhood in Alberta * Riverside, Manitoba, a former rural m ...

, California in 1908. His parents were Kaichi and Tayo Manbo, Japanese immigrants originally from

Hiroshima is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture in Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 1,199,391. The gross domestic product (GDP) in Greater Hiroshima, Hiroshima Urban Employment Area, was US$61.3 billion as of 2010. Kazumi Matsui h ...

. As an adolescent, he lived in Hollywood and in Japan for nearly two years. He did not attend school in Japan and entered high school at the age of 17, graduating from

Hollywood High School Hollywood High School is a four-year public secondary school in the Los Angeles Unified School District, located at the intersection of North Highland Avenue and West Sunset Boulevard in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles, California. Histo ...

in 1929. After high school, he studied auto mechanics at Frank Wiggins Trade School. He met Mary Itaya, a dressmaking student, who would become his wife. After he and Mary married, Manbo opened a garage on Vine Street in Hollywood, where he painted and repaired cars. In 1940, Mary gave birth to their son Billy.

Life during and after World War II

After Pearl Harbor was bombed, Mary's father Junzo Itaya was arrested by the FBI on March 13, 1942. He was taken to Tuna Canyon Detention Camp in Tujunga and then to an enemy alien internment camp run by the Justice Department in Santa Fe, NM. Bill, Mary and Billy were forced to leave their home on April 28, 1942. They went with Mary's mother and siblings to Santa Anita Assembly Center, although Junzo was still at Santa Fe. The family was then sent to the Heart Mountain Relocation Center. Manbo documented his family's experience at Heart Mountain through Kodachrome photography with a 35mm Zeiss Contax camera. He took approximately 192 photographs at Heart Mountain, which he sent back to Los Angeles for processing. He started working at the Heart Mountain motor pool in late October 1942. In November 1944, he and his wife and son, Bill Manbo Jr., moved to Cleveland, Ohio, where Manbo worked in a factory. They eventually returned to California and settled in Hollywood. Manbo died in 1992.

Exhibitions and books

In 2012, Eric Muller published Manbo's photographs in ''Colors of Confinement''. An exhibit of his photographs was on display at the Japanese American National Museum.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manbo, Bill 1908 births 1992 deaths 20th-century American photographers Japanese-American mass media Artists from Riverside, California Hollywood High School alumni Japanese-American internees