Bila Tserkva ( uk, Бі́ла Це́рква ; ) is a city in the center of
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
, the largest city in
Kyiv Oblast
Kyiv Oblast ( uk, Ки́ївська о́бласть, translit=Kyïvska oblast), also called Kyivshchyna ( uk, Ки́ївщина), is an oblast (province) in central and northern Ukraine. It surrounds, but does not include, the city of Kyiv, w ...
(after
Kyiv
Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...
, which is the administrative center, but not part of the oblast), and part of the
Right Bank
In geography, a bank is the land alongside a body of water. Different structures are referred to as ''banks'' in different fields of geography, as follows.
In limnology (the study of inland waters), a stream bank or river bank is the terrai ...
. It serves as the administrative center of
Bila Tserkva Raion
Bila Tserkva Raion ( uk, Білоцерківський район) is a raion (district) in Kyiv Oblast of Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Bila Tserkva. Population: .
On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of U ...
and hosts the administration of Bila Tserkva urban hromada, one of the
hromadas of Ukraine.
Bila Tserkva is located on the
Ros River
The Ros (; ''Ros’'') is a river in Ukraine, a right tributary of the Dnieper. The Ros finds its source in the village of Ordyntsi in Pohrebyshche Raion, Vinnytsia Oblast. It is long, and has a drainage basin of .[Kyiv
Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...]
. The city has an area of . Its population is approximately
The ancient city of Bila Tserkva was founded in 1032 to provide important defenses against nomadic tribes. In the 13th century, it was invaded by the Mongols, however, and the city was devastated.
[Kohut, Zenon E. "Mazepa's Ukraine: Understanding Cossack Territorial Vistas." ''Harvard Ukrainian Studies'' 31, no. 1/4 (2009): 1–28]
In 1651, it was the site of an important battle between the warring
Zaporozhian Host, Zaporozhian Cossack Army (and their
Tatar allies) and the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and, after 1791, as the Commonwealth of Poland, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Crown of the Kingdom of ...
, but Bila Tserkva was also where they made peace, and signed a
Treaty
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations
An international organization or international o ...
.
[PERNAL, A. B. "The Expenditures of the Crown Treasury for the Financing of Diplomacy between Poland and the Ukraine during the Reign of Jan Kazimierz." ''Harvard Ukrainian Studies'' 5, no. 1 (1981): 102–20]
In 1791, Russia's
Catherine II
, en, Catherine Alexeievna Romanova, link=yes
, house =
, father = Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst
, mother = Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp
, birth_date =
, birth_name = Princess Sophie of Anha ...
included Bila Tserkva in the region that came to be known as the
Pale of Settlement
The Pale of Settlement (russian: Черта́ осе́длости, '; yi, דער תּחום-המושבֿ, '; he, תְּחוּם הַמּוֹשָב, ') was a western region of the Russian Empire with varying borders that existed from 1791 to 19 ...
, which encompassed parts of seven contemporary nations, including large swaths of modern-day Ukraine.
Architecturally, the town is known for a variety of late 18th and early 19th-century buildings, courtesy of the Branickis, who ruled there during this era. Highlights include:
The Winter Palace on the bank of the Ros River, the Summer Palace, an ensemble of postal station buildings, the Church of Saint John the Baptist (1789–1812), the Transfiguration Cathedral (1833–9), and the Church of Saint Mary Magdalene (1843). The Church of Saint Nicholas, whose construction was initiated by Hetman Ivan Mazepa and Colonel Kostiantyn Maziievsky in 1706, and was finally completed in 1852.
By the late 19th century, Jews would comprise nearly half the population of the city.
An important Jewish center, it also evolved into an active center for the exchange of influential ideas about politics, religion, art, and culture, with an active
Zionist
Zionism ( he, צִיּוֹנוּת ''Tsiyyonut'' after '' Zion'') is a nationalist movement that espouses the establishment of, and support for a homeland for the Jewish people centered in the area roughly corresponding to what is known in Je ...
movement, an active branch of the
Decembrist
The Decembrist Revolt ( ru , Восстание декабристов, translit = Vosstaniye dekabristov , translation = Uprising of the Decembrists) took place in Russia on , during the interregnum following the sudden death of Emperor Al ...
movement and a branch of the Society of United Slavs formulating "plans to assassinate Tsar
Alexander I Alexander I may refer to:
* Alexander I of Macedon, king of Macedon 495–454 BC
* Alexander I of Epirus (370–331 BC), king of Epirus
* Pope Alexander I (died 115), early bishop of Rome
* Pope Alexander I of Alexandria (died 320s), patriarch of ...
."
A center of Hassidim, it also hosted vigorous factions arguing for assimilation. Home to many artists and writers,
Sholem Aleichem
)
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Pereiaslav, Russian Empire
, death_date =
, death_place = New York City, U.S.
, occupation = Writer
, nationality =
, period =
, genre = Novels, sh ...
and
Shaye Shkarovsky Shaye Shkarovsky (1891–1945) was a Yiddish author who lived in the Soviet Union. He was a member of the Vidervuks (New Growth) group in and around Kiev.Gennady Estraikh, "The New Growth" in ''In Harness: Yiddish Writers' Romance with Communism'' ...
spend periods writing there in Yiddish, and
Ivan Nechuy-Levytsky
Ivan Semenovych Nechuy-Levytsky (born Levytsky; – 2 April 1918) was a well-known Ukrainian writer.
Biography
Ivan Nechuy-Levytsky was born on to the family of a peasant priest in Stebliv (Cherkasy Oblast in central Ukraine). In 1847 he en ...
was also writing in Ukrainian during this era.
An important regional center during Lithuanian and, later, Polish rule, the city remained prominent due to its close proximity to Kyiv, and its place at the center of Europe's "breadbasket," with some of the continent's most fertile land.
The city economy first began diversifying in the late 1700s when the Oleksandriia
Dendrological Park was first built.
In 1809–14, Market Stalls were created to provide space for 85 merchants at a time when the
grain trade and sugar industry also began to contribute to the growth of the city.
By 1850, Bila Tserkva had built its first major factory. Later, it specialized in building machines for everything from the production of feed for livestock, to tires, to clothing."
In 1929, the
Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University was founded in as a scientific research center, which now specializes in academic research focusing on environmental protection, veterinary welfare and biosafety.
During the first two decades of the 20th century, the city's Jewish residents were subject to multiple pogroms. In 1919 and 1920 alone, pogroms were responsible for the deaths of 850 Jews.
In 1932–1933, as many as 22,000 of greater Bila Tserkva's residents died in the
Holodomor.
[Boryssenko, Valentyna, Lisa Vapné, and Anne Coldefy-Faucart. "La Famine En Ukraine (1932-1933)." ''Ethnologie Française'' 34, no. 2 (2004): 281–89]
During the Second World War, the city was occupied by
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
as part of
Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa (german: link=no, Unternehmen Barbarossa; ) was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies, starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during the Second World War. The operation, code-named after ...
, resulting in the 1941
massacre
A massacre is the killing of a large number of people or animals, especially those who are not involved in any fighting or have no way of defending themselves. A massacre is generally considered to be morally unacceptable, especially when per ...
of the city's Jewish population.
The city was recaptured by Soviet forces and returned to the control of the
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic ( uk, Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, ; russian: Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респ ...
in 1944. In 1991, Ukraine declared independence.
History
Founded in 1032, the city was originally named
Yuriiv by
Yaroslav the Wise
Yaroslav the Wise or Yaroslav I Vladimirovich; russian: Ярослав Мудрый, ; uk, Ярослав Мудрий; non, Jarizleifr Valdamarsson; la, Iaroslaus Sapiens () was the Grand Prince of Kiev from 1019 until his death. He was als ...
, whose Christian name was Yuri. The contemporary name of the city, literally translated, is "White Church" and may refer to the white-painted cathedral (no longer extant) of medieval Yuriiv. In its long history, Bila Tserkva spent its first few hundred years privately owned, later, though the owner was typically a citizen of the ruling empire, it was organized as a fiefdom.
From its earliest incarnation, however, Bila Tserkva was considered to provide important defense against nomadic tribes that included both the
Cumans
The Cumans (or Kumans), also known as Polovtsians or Polovtsy (plural only, from the Russian language, Russian Exonym and endonym, exonym ), were a Turkic people, Turkic nomadic people comprising the western branch of the Cuman–Kipchak confede ...
and the
Tatars
The Tatars ()[Tatar]
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different . Its defenses failed during a 13th-century
Mongol
The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal member ...
invasion, however, and the city was devastated.
Lithuanian and Polish rule
From 1363, Bila Tserkva belonged to the
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state that existed from the 13th century to 1795, when the territory was partitioned among the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg Empire of Austria. The state was founded by Li ...
, and from 1569 to the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and, after 1791, as the Commonwealth of Poland, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Crown of the Kingdom of ...
, administratively in the
Powiat
A ''powiat'' (pronounced ; Polish plural: ''powiaty'') is the second-level unit of local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a county, district or prefecture ( LAU-1, formerly NUTS-4) in other countries. The term "''powia ...
of Kyiv, part of
Lesser Poland
Lesser Poland, often known by its Polish name Małopolska ( la, Polonia Minor), is a historical region situated in southern and south-eastern Poland. Its capital and largest city is Kraków. Throughout centuries, Lesser Poland developed a s ...
. It was crown property, but in recognition of his great service, it was granted to the
Castellan
A castellan is the title used in Medieval Europe for an appointed official, a governor of a castle and its surrounding territory referred to as the castellany. The title of ''governor'' is retained in the English prison system, as a remnant o ...
of
Kraków
Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 ...
,
Janusz Ostrogski
Prince Janusz Ostrogski () (1554 – 17 September 1620 in Tarnów) was a Polish-Lithuanian noble and statesman. He served as a voivode of Volhyn (1584-1593), as a castellan of Kraków (from 1593 on), and as a starosta of Bohuslav (from 1591), B ...
. The next owner was
Stanisław Lubomirski (1583–1649)
Prince Stanisław Lubomirski (1583 – 17 June 1649) was a Polish nobleman ( szlachcic).
Lubomirski was Krajczy of the Crown and Secretary of the King since 1620, voivode (military commander) of the Ruthenian Voivodeship since 1628 (or 1 ...
and during his time the town was granted
Magdeburg Rights
Magdeburg rights (german: Magdeburger Recht; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within ...
by
Sigismund III Vasa
Sigismund III Vasa ( pl, Zygmunt III Waza, lt, Žygimantas Vaza; 20 June 1566 – 30 April 1632
N.S.) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1587 to 1632 and, as Sigismund, King of Sweden and Grand Duke of Finland from 1592 to ...
in 1620.
After subduing the rebellious
Cossacks
The Cossacks , es, cosaco , et, Kasakad, cazacii , fi, Kasakat, cazacii , french: cosaques , hu, kozákok, cazacii , it, cosacchi , orv, коза́ки, pl, Kozacy , pt, cossacos , ro, cazaci , russian: казаки́ or ...
in the 1626
Battle of Bila Tserkva, the next owner of the estate was Prince Jerzy Dymitr Wiśniowiecki. The castle was successfully taken by
Bohdan Khmelnytsky in 1648. In 1651, it was also the site of the
Battle of Bila Tserkva between the warring
Zaporozhian Host, Zaporozhian Cossack Army (and their
Tatar allies) and the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and, after 1791, as the Commonwealth of Poland, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Crown of the Kingdom of ...
, but Bila Tserkva was also where they made peace, and signed a
Treaty
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations
An international organization or international o ...
.
In 1666, six-thousand Muscovite troops laid siege to Bila Tserkva. The standoff lasted until the following year when Polish reinforcements led by Jan Stachurski with the aid of allied Cossacks and
Iwan Brzuchowiecki smashed
Petro Doroshenko
Petro Doroshenko ( uk, Петро Дорофійович Дорошенко, russian: Пётр Дорофе́евич Дороше́нко, pl, Piotr Doroszenko; 1627–1698) was a Cossack political and military leader, Hetman of Right-bank Ukr ...
's stranglehold.
The next owner was
Great Crown Hetman
Great may refer to: Descriptions or measurements
* Great, a relative measurement in physical space, see Size
* Greatness, being divine, majestic, superior, majestic, or transcendent
People
* List of people known as "the Great"
*Artel Great (born ...
Stanislaw Jan Jabłonowski. In 1702, the castle was taken by the Cossack leader,
Semen Paliy
Semen Paliy ( uk, Семен Палiй, pl, Semen Palej) (c. 1645 – 1710) was a Ukrainian Cossack polkovnyk (colonel). Born in Chernihiv region, Paliy settled in Zaporizhian Sich at a very young age and gained fame as a brave fighter and ...
who made it his domain. In 1708, the town was overrun by prince
Golitsyn's Russian army. The next owner of the town was
Jan Stanislaw Jabłonowski, then Stanisław Wincenty Jabłonowski who erected a catholic church. After him ownership passed to Jerzy August Mniszech. The town was substantially refortified.
In 1774, Bila Tserkva (Biała Cerkiew), then the seat of the sub-prefecture (
Starostwo), came into the possession of
Stanisław August Poniatowski who that same year granted the property to
Franciszek Ksawery Branicki
Franciszek Ksawery Branicki (1730–1819) was a Polish nobleman, magnate, French count, diplomat, politician, military commander, and one of the leaders of the Targowica Confederation. Many consider him to have been a traitor who participated wit ...
,
Poland's Grand Hetman who then built his urban residence, the
Winter Palace
The Winter Palace ( rus, Зимний дворец, Zimnij dvorets, p=ˈzʲimnʲɪj dvɐˈrʲɛts) is a palace in Saint Petersburg that served as the official residence of the Emperor of all the Russias, Russian Emperor from 1732 to 1917. The p ...
complex and a country residence with the
"Oleksandriia" Arboretum (named after his wife
Aleksandra Branicka). He founded the Catholic Church of John the Baptist, and started construction of the Orthodox church, which was completed by his successor, his son Count
Władysław Grzegorz Branicki
Count Władysław Grzegorz Branicki (25 February 1783 in Warsaw – 27 August 1843 in Warsaw) was a Polish nobleman, senator and general in the Russian military. He was a putative grandson of Catherine the Great, through his maternal line.
He w ...
. The latter also built the gymnasium-school complex in Bila Tserkva. Aleksander Branicki, the youngest grandson of the hetman, renovated and finished Mazepa's Orthodox church. Under the rule of count Władysław Michał Branicki, Bila Tserkva developed into a regional commercial and manufacturing centre.
The Russian Empire
In 1791, Russia's
Catherine II
, en, Catherine Alexeievna Romanova, link=yes
, house =
, father = Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst
, mother = Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp
, birth_date =
, birth_name = Princess Sophie of Anha ...
, included Bila Tserkva in the region that came to be known as the
Pale of Settlement
The Pale of Settlement (russian: Черта́ осе́длости, '; yi, דער תּחום-המושבֿ, '; he, תְּחוּם הַמּוֹשָב, ') was a western region of the Russian Empire with varying borders that existed from 1791 to 19 ...
, which encompassed parts of seven contemporary nations, including large swaths of modern-day Ukraine.
Bila Tserkva was formally annexed into the
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
as a result of the
Second Partition of Poland
The 1793 Second Partition of Poland was the second of three partitions (or partial annexations) that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The second partition occurred in the aftermath of the Polish–Russian W ...
in 1793. Meanwhile, after 1861, the Czarist authorities converted Roman Catholic churches into Orthodox Churches. By the late 18th century, however, Jews were already living in the region, and within a century they would comprise nearly half the population of the city.
An important Jewish city, as a result, by the early 1900s it was a fount of idea about politics, religion, art, and culture, with an active
Zionist
Zionism ( he, צִיּוֹנוּת ''Tsiyyonut'' after '' Zion'') is a nationalist movement that espouses the establishment of, and support for a homeland for the Jewish people centered in the area roughly corresponding to what is known in Je ...
movement, an active branch of the
Decembrist
The Decembrist Revolt ( ru , Восстание декабристов, translit = Vosstaniye dekabristov , translation = Uprising of the Decembrists) took place in Russia on , during the interregnum following the sudden death of Emperor Al ...
movement and a branch of the Society of United Slavs formulating"plans to assassinate Tsar
Alexander I Alexander I may refer to:
* Alexander I of Macedon, king of Macedon 495–454 BC
* Alexander I of Epirus (370–331 BC), king of Epirus
* Pope Alexander I (died 115), early bishop of Rome
* Pope Alexander I of Alexandria (died 320s), patriarch of ...
by Sergei Muravev-Apostol and his co-conspirators."
Home to many artists and writers,
Sholem Aleichem
)
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Pereiaslav, Russian Empire
, death_date =
, death_place = New York City, U.S.
, occupation = Writer
, nationality =
, period =
, genre = Novels, sh ...
and
Shaye Shkarovsky Shaye Shkarovsky (1891–1945) was a Yiddish author who lived in the Soviet Union. He was a member of the Vidervuks (New Growth) group in and around Kiev.Gennady Estraikh, "The New Growth" in ''In Harness: Yiddish Writers' Romance with Communism'' ...
were both writing in Yiddish, with
Ivan Nechuy-Levytsky
Ivan Semenovych Nechuy-Levytsky (born Levytsky; – 2 April 1918) was a well-known Ukrainian writer.
Biography
Ivan Nechuy-Levytsky was born on to the family of a peasant priest in Stebliv (Cherkasy Oblast in central Ukraine). In 1847 he en ...
writing in Ukrainian. It also was the home of artists like Luka Dolinski and Halyna Nevinchana; as well as theater and film directors Eugene Deslaw and
Les Kurbas..
Nazi occupation
During
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, Bila Tserkva was occupied by the
German Army from 16 July 1941 to 4 January 1944.
In August 1941 Bila Tserkva was the site the Nazi massacre, now known as the
Bila Tserkva massacre
The Bila Tserkva massacre was the World War II mass murder of Jews, committed by the Nazi German ''Einsatzgruppe'' with the aid of Ukrainian auxiliaries, in Bila Tserkva, Soviet Ukraine, on August 21–22, 1941. When the Jewish adult populatio ...
of the city's Jewish population, which required the separate executions of nearly 100 children.
A Monument to Jewish Children and the Holocaust was unveiled in Bila Tserkva in 2019.
Soviet rule
Bila Tserkva became a large industrial hub (machine building and construction industry) during this era. But 22,000 residents of the city and its environs died under the
Soviet Famine-Genocide of 1932–3.
Independent Ukraine
Until 18 July 2020, Bila Tserkva was incorporated as a
city of oblast significance and served as the administrative center of Bila Tserkva Raion even though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kyiv Oblast to seven, the city of Bila Tserkva was merged into Bila Tserkva Raion.
Jewish History
![Jews-in-europe-percentage-ca-1900](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Jews-in-europe-percentage-ca-1900.png)
"In Jewish folklore the city came to be "referred to as the "Black Abomination" (Yid. ''Shvartse Tume''), a play on its name in Russian ("White Church")."
The earliest Jewish inhabitants have been traced to 1648.
The population, however, has risen and fallen due to outbreaks of violence and, later, pograms.
By the end of the 19th century, Jews made up a slight majority of the population at 52.9% of the city's total population, or 18,720 total inhabitants.
According to the Jewish Virtual Library, in 1904, Jews owned 250 workshops and 25 factories engaged in light industry employing 300 Jewish workers."
Cossack
The Cossacks , es, cosaco , et, Kasakad, cazacii , fi, Kasakat, cazacii , french: cosaques , hu, kozákok, cazacii , it, cosacchi , orv, коза́ки, pl, Kozacy , pt, cossacos , ro, cazaci , russian: казаки́ or ...
-led attacks, Stalin's purges, pograms and the
Holocaust
The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; a ...
, including the horrors of the
Bila Tserkva massacre
The Bila Tserkva massacre was the World War II mass murder of Jews, committed by the Nazi German ''Einsatzgruppe'' with the aid of Ukrainian auxiliaries, in Bila Tserkva, Soviet Ukraine, on August 21–22, 1941. When the Jewish adult populatio ...
, caused a major demographic shift. By 2001, it was mostly inhabited by ethnic
Ukrainians
Ukrainians ( uk, Українці, Ukraintsi, ) are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine. They are the seventh-largest nation in Europe. The native language of the Ukrainians is Ukrainian language, Ukrainian. The majority ...
, with a meager Jewish population of less than 0.1%.
In the late 1980s, Kyiv's Judaica Institute began taking form"after the tragic decades of Bolshevik repressions, Nazi genocide of the Jewish people, and bans on Jewish studies" to research and "popularize the past and the present of the Jewish community of Ukraine."
In 1991,
Ukraine declared independence, and two years after the 2014
Revolution of Dignity
The Revolution of Dignity ( uk, Революція гідності, translit=Revoliutsiia hidnosti) also known as the Maidan Revolution or the Ukrainian Revolution, ,
Volodymyr Groysman
Volodymyr Borysovych Groysman, sometimes transliterated as Volodymyr Borysovych Hroisman ( uk, Володи́мир Бори́сович Гро́йсман; born 20 January 1978), is a Ukrainian politician who was the Prime Minister of Ukrai ...
became Ukraine's first Jewish prime minister. Three years later, Ukraine elected
Volodymyr Zelenskyy
Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Zelenskyy, ; russian: Владимир Александрович Зеленский, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Zelenskyy, (born 25 January 1978; also transliterated as Zelensky or Zelenskiy) is a Ukrainian politicia ...
as its first Jewish president.
A 2017 Pew Research study found that Ukraine was the most accepting of Jews among all Central and Eastern European countries, a later research study in 2019 confirmed those results.
Economy
The city economy first began diversifying in the late 1700s, when Alexandra Branicki, the wife of the Polish King
Franciszek Ksawery Branicki
Franciszek Ksawery Branicki (1730–1819) was a Polish nobleman, magnate, French count, diplomat, politician, military commander, and one of the leaders of the Targowica Confederation. Many consider him to have been a traitor who participated wit ...
had a 400-hectacre landscaped park designed.
The Oleksandriia
Dendrological Park is now a part of
Ukraine's National Academy of Sciences, and it currently cultivates more than 1,800 endemic and exotic plant species, with more than 600 species of exotic trees and shrubs alone, in addition to publishing academic research.
By 1850, Bila Tserkva had built its first major factory. Later, it "began to specialize in building machines for the production of feed for livestock, electrical capacitors, tires, rubber-asbestos products, shoes, clothing, furniture, and reinforced-concrete products."
Industry in the city includes
Railway
Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport that transfers passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are incorporated in tracks. In contrast to road transport, where the vehicles run on a pre ...
Brake product manufacturers "Tribo Rail",
Tribo plant and a major
automobile
A car or automobile is a motor vehicle with Wheel, wheels. Most definitions of ''cars'' say that they run primarily on roads, Car seat, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport private transport#Personal transport, pe ...
tire
A tire (American English) or tyre (British English) is a ring-shaped component that surrounds a wheel's rim to transfer a vehicle's load from the axle through the wheel to the ground and to provide traction on the surface over which t ...
manufacturer
Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with the help of equipment, labor, machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing or formulation. It is the essence of secondary sector of the economy. The term may refer to ...
"Rosava".
Education
Education
Education is a purposeful activity directed at achieving certain aims, such as transmitting knowledge or fostering skills and character traits. These aims may include the development of understanding, rationality, kindness, and honesty. Va ...
in Bila Tserkva is provided by many private and public institutions. Its best known is the
Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University was founded in 1929 as a scientific research center publishing academic studies on modern agrobiotechnology, nature and environmental protection; the latest technologies for processing livestock products; biosafety, the veterinary welfare of livestock; regulation of bioresources and sustainable nature management; rationalization of social development of rural areas; economics of agro-industrial complex, legal sciences, linguistics and translation.
They partner with institutions of higher learning worldwide, and participate in programs with Erasmus+, the British Council, NATO and Fulbright, among several others.
Sports
During the
Cold War
The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
, the town was host to the
72nd Guards Krasnograd Motor Rifle Division and the 251st Instructor Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment of
Long Range Aviation. The city is also home to football team
FC Ros Bila Tserkva
FC Ros Bila Tserkva is a Ukraine, Ukrainian amateur Association football club based in Bila Tserkva, Kyiv Oblast that was expelled from the professional league after the 2010–11 season.
The club was formed in 1983.
The club's best season was ...
. Ros is a team in the lower levels of the
Football Federation of Ukraine
The Ukrainian Association of Football (UAF) ( uk, Українська асоціяція футболу, Ukrayins'ka Asotsiyatsiya Futbolu) is the governing body of football in Ukraine. Before 2019 it was known as the Football Federation of Ukra ...
:
Kyiv Oblast Football Championship
Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...
. The city is also home to hockey club
Bilyi Bars
Hockey Club Bilyi Bars Bila Tserkva ( uk, ХК Білий Барс Біла Церква; en, White Leopard of Bila Tserkva) is a Ukrainian team based in Bila Tserkva, Ukraine. The club was a founding member of the Professional Hockey League of U ...
, that plays on Bilyi Bars Ice Arena, built by
Kostyantyn Efymenko Charitable Foundation.
Landmarks
*A historical
landscape park Arboretum Oleksandriya
The Arboretum Oleksandriya ( uk, Державний дендрологічний парк «Олександрія») is an arboretum located in the city of Bila Tserkva of the Kyiv Oblast of Ukraine. It holds the state arboretum of the National ...
of 400 acres is situated in Bila Tserkva. It was founded in 1793 by the wife of Polish
Hetman
( uk, гетьман, translit=het'man) is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe, historically assigned to military commanders.
Used by the Czechs in Bohemia since the 15th century. It was the title of the second-highest military co ...
Franciszek Ksawery Branicki
Franciszek Ksawery Branicki (1730–1819) was a Polish nobleman, magnate, French count, diplomat, politician, military commander, and one of the leaders of the Targowica Confederation. Many consider him to have been a traitor who participated wit ...
.
* Notable buildings include the
Merchant Court
Gostinyi dvor ( rus, гостиный двор, p=ɡɐˈsʲtʲinɨj ˈdvor) is a historic Russian term for an indoor market or shopping centre. It is translated from Russian either as "guest court" or "merchant yard", although both translations ...
(1809–1814) and the
Post Yard (1825–31).
* There are also
Palladian
Palladian architecture is a European architectural style derived from the work of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580). What is today recognised as Palladian architecture evolved from his concepts of symmetry, perspective and ...
wooden buildings of the
Branicki "Winter Palace" and, once, the District Nobility Assembly, prior to a fire.
*
St. Nicholas Church was started in 1706 by Ukrainian
Hetman
( uk, гетьман, translit=het'man) is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe, historically assigned to military commanders.
Used by the Czechs in Bohemia since the 15th century. It was the title of the second-highest military co ...
Ivan Mazepa
Ivan Stepanovych Mazepa (also spelled Mazeppa; uk, Іван Степанович Мазепа, pl, Jan Mazepa Kołodyński; ) was a Ukrainian military, political, and civic leader who served as the Hetman of Zaporizhian Host in 1687–1708. ...
, but not completed until 1852.
* The Orthodox
Saviour's Transfiguration Cathedral was constructed in 1833–1839.
* The Roman Catholic
St. John the Baptist Church dates to 1812.
*
The St. Mary Magdalene Church was completed in 1846 by Count Branicki.
* The building of the mid-19th century
Great Choral Synagogue is preserved. Today it is the
Technology and Economic College of
Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University.
* The
Shukhov Water Tower, a tower that supports a water tank was built according to a project of
Vladimir Shukhov
Vladimir Grigoryevich Shukhov (russian: link=no, Влади́мир Григо́рьевич Шу́хов; – 2 February 1939) was a Russian Empire and Soviet engineer-polymath, scientist and architect renowned for his pioneering works on new ...
, a Russian engineer-polymath, scientist and architect.
Churches
File:572a0d1aff936737a90738ab-5c5c41f79775d-1e5ogfn-lbcvr.jpg, Church of St. George the Victorious was recently rebuilt from ruins in the manner of an ancient 11–12th c. Ruthenian temple, on the foundation of the church destroyed by the Tatar-Mongols. It is said to be ''the'' white church that gave the city its name in a 14th c. homage to Yaroslav the Wise.
File:Микільська церква, загальний вигляд.jpg, 1706–1852 St. Nicholas Church was started in 1706 by Ukrainian Hetman
( uk, гетьман, translit=het'man) is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe, historically assigned to military commanders.
Used by the Czechs in Bohemia since the 15th century. It was the title of the second-highest military co ...
Ivan Mazepa
Ivan Stepanovych Mazepa (also spelled Mazeppa; uk, Іван Степанович Мазепа, pl, Jan Mazepa Kołodyński; ) was a Ukrainian military, political, and civic leader who served as the Hetman of Zaporizhian Host in 1687–1708. ...
, but not completed until 1852.
File:Organ Hall in city of Bila Tserkva.jpg, 1812 St. John the Baptist Church ("the Organ and Chamber Music Hall") was built in 1812.
File:Спасо-Преображенський собор (1).jpg, 1833–1839 The Orthodox Savior's Transfiguration Cathedral
File:Спасо-Преображенський собор, вхід.jpg, 1830s Interior entrance of the Savior's Transfiguration Cathedral.
File:Bila Tserkva Heder DSC 1017 32-103-0085.JPG, 1901 Heather Church
Synagogues
File:Biala Cerkiew,synagoga.jpg, 1854–1860 The Great Choral Synagogue, ca. 1895 and 1910 when it was actively used.
File:Bila Tserkva Horalna synagoga DSC 1084 32-103-0087.JPG, 1854 to 1860 The mid-19th century Great Choral Synagogue is now used as the Technology and Economic College of the National Agrarian University.
City sites
File:Вхід в Торгові ряди.JPG, The arcades of the Merchant Court, interior, built in 1809–1814.
File:Торгова площа IMG 3410.jpg, The main entrance to the recently revived Merchant Court, built in 1809–1814.
File:Bila Tserkva Torgova Ploscha 6 Budynok 02 (YDS 6148).JPG, Square No. 6 is one of many alternate shopping centers.
File:Трудові резерви, Біла Церква.jpg, Entrance to the Labor Reserves Stadium.
File:Костел Іоанна Предтечі, Замкова гора, річка Рось, Біла Церква.jpg, View from the Ros River to Castle Hill and the Church of St. John the Baptist.
File:Oleksandriia-bila-tserkva-43.JPG, 1793 statue adorning the 400-acre Oleksandriia Park.
File:Зимовий палац Браницьких2.jpg, Branicki's Winter Palace was built in the Palladian style .
File:Олександрія, весна 01.jpg, The entrance to Arboretum Oleksandriia, Bila Tserkva.
Transportation
Airports
Domestic transport and private flights provide services via
Bila Tserkva Airport (UKBC), which is located southwest of the city in Hayok district.
Rail
Ukrzaliznytsia
Ukrainian Railways ( uk, Укрзалізниця, Ukrzaliznytsia, abbreviated as UZ) is a state-owned joint-stock company of rail transport in Ukraine, a monopoly that controls the vast majority of the railroad transportation in the country. I ...
provides railway transit to surrounding areas in Kyiv Oblast and the rest of Ukraine.
There are two railway stations in Bila Tserkva:
* Bila Tserkva railway station
* Rotok railway station
Public transit
Bila Tserkva has
six trolleybus lines.
Bridges
Bila Tserkva is the location of a few large bridges, two of which cross the Ros River.
Notable people
*
Sholem Aleichem
)
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Pereiaslav, Russian Empire
, death_date =
, death_place = New York City, U.S.
, occupation = Writer
, nationality =
, period =
, genre = Novels, sh ...
(1859–1916) — A leading
Yiddish
Yiddish (, or , ''yidish'' or ''idish'', , ; , ''Yidish-Taytsh'', ) is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated during the 9th century in Central Europe, providing the nascent Ashkenazi community with a ver ...
author and playwright: the
Fiddler on the Roof musical is based on his stories.
*
David Bronstein
David Ionovich Bronstein (russian: Дави́д Ио́нович Бронште́йн; February 19, 1924 – December 5, 2006) was a Soviet and Ukrainian chess player. Awarded the title of International Grandmaster by FIDE in 1950, he narro ...
(1924–2006) — A leading
chess grandmaster
Grandmaster (GM) is a title awarded to chess players by the world chess organization FIDE. Apart from World Champion, Grandmaster is the highest title a chess player can attain. Once achieved, the title is held for life, though exceptionally it h ...
and writer
*
Mother
]
A mother is the female parent of a child. A woman may be considered a mother by virtue of having given birth, by raising a child who may or may not be her biological offspring, or by supplying her ovum for fertilisation in the case of ges ...
Róża Czacka, Elżbieta Róża Czacka (1876–1961) — A philanthropist and nun, born in Bila Tserkva, and
beatified
Beatification (from Latin ''beatus'', "blessed" and ''facere'', "to make”) is a recognition accorded by the Catholic Church of a deceased person's entrance into Heaven and capacity to intercede on behalf of individuals who pray in their nam ...
in 2021
*
Eugene Deslaw (1898–1966) —
Avant-garde French cinema director, born as Yevhen Slabchenko, and also known for introducing the Boy Scouts to Ukraine.
*
Luka Dolinski (1750–1830) — Ukrainian painter, representative of the late Ukrainian
Baroque
The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including t ...
,
Rococo
Rococo (, also ), less commonly Roccoco or Late Baroque, is an exceptionally ornamental and theatrical style of architecture, art and decoration which combines asymmetry, scrolling curves, gilding, white and pastel colours, sculpted moulding, ...
and
Classicism
Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for a classical period, classical antiquity in the Western tradition, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate. In its purest form, classicism is an aestheti ...
, educated at the
Academy of Fine Arts Vienna
The Academy of Fine Arts Vienna (german: link=no, Akademie der bildenden Künste Wien) is a public art school in Vienna, Austria.
History
The Academy of Fine Arts Vienna was founded in 1692 as a private academy modelled on the Accademia di Sa ...
*
Volodymyr Dyudya
Volodymyr Dyudya ( uk, Володимир Дюдя) (born 6 January 1983) is a Ukrainian former professional racing cyclist, who last rode for . He competes on both road and track. He was born in Bila Tserkva.
Major results Track
;2000
: 1st I ...
(1983–) — Professional Ukrainian cyclist
*
Kostyantyn Efymenko (1975–) — President of Biofarma, Chairman of
Tribo
* David Goodman, father of
Benny Goodman — An American jazz and swing musician, clarinetist and bandleader; widely known as the "King of Swing"
*
Axel Firsoff (1910–1981) — British astronomer, born in Bila Tserkva
* Boris Samoilovich Iampol'skii (1912–1972) — Russian-language writer.
*
Andrzej Klimowicz (1918–1996) — An operative for
Zegota, the government-supported resistance group, organized to help Jews, in Nazi-occupied Poland. They are said to have saved tens of thousands from 1942 to 1945.
*
Les Kurbas (1887–1937) — Ukrainian movie and theater director, co-founder of
Soviet theater avant-garde and a prominent figure of the
Executed Renaissance
The Executed Renaissance (or "Red Renaissance", uk, Розстріляне відродження, Червоний ренесанс, translit=Rozstriliane vidrodzhennia, Chervonyi renesans) is a term used to describe the generatio ...
*
Yuri Linnik
Yuri Vladimirovich Linnik (russian: Ю́рий Влади́мирович Ли́нник; January 8, 1915 – June 30, 1972) was a Soviet mathematician active in number theory, probability theory and mathematical statistics.
Linnik was born in B ...
(1915–1972) — Soviet mathematician
*
Ivan Mazepa
Ivan Stepanovych Mazepa (also spelled Mazeppa; uk, Іван Степанович Мазепа, pl, Jan Mazepa Kołodyński; ) was a Ukrainian military, political, and civic leader who served as the Hetman of Zaporizhian Host in 1687–1708. ...
] (1639–1709) the
Hetman of Zaporizhian Host, 1687 to 1708.
*
Olexandr Medvid' (1937–) — Famous
Soviet
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nation ...
/
Belarus
Belarus,, , ; alternatively and formerly known as Byelorussia (from Russian ). officially the Republic of Belarus,; rus, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Belarus. is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by R ...
ian
wrestler
Wrestling is a series of combat sports involving grappling-type techniques such as clinch fighting, throws and takedowns, joint locks, pins and other grappling holds. Wrestling techniques have been incorporated into martial arts, combat spor ...
.
*
Halyna Nevinchana (1957–) —
Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
A painter, writer, journalist
*
Ivan Nechuy-Levytsky
Ivan Semenovych Nechuy-Levytsky (born Levytsky; – 2 April 1918) was a well-known Ukrainian writer.
Biography
Ivan Nechuy-Levytsky was born on to the family of a peasant priest in Stebliv (Cherkasy Oblast in central Ukraine). In 1847 he en ...
(1838–1918) — Well-known Ukrainian writer,
ethnographer
Ethnography (from Greek ''ethnos'' "folk, people, nation" and ''grapho'' "I write") is a branch of anthropology and the systematic study of individual cultures. Ethnography explores cultural phenomena from the point of view of the subject o ...
,
folklorist
Folklore studies, less often known as folkloristics, and occasionally tradition studies or folk life studies in the United Kingdom, is the branch of anthropology devoted to the study of folklore. This term, along with its synonyms, gained currenc ...
, teacher
*
Lyudmila Pavlichenko
Lyudmila Mikhailovna Pavlichenko, (russian: Людми́ла Миха́йловна Павличе́нко; uk, Людмила Михайлівна Павличенко (romanized: Lyudmyla Mykhailivna Pavlychenko), ; 10 October 1974) was a So ...
(1916–1974) — World War II
Soviet sniper
Snipers of the Soviet Union played an important role mainly on the Eastern Front of World War II, apart from other preceding and subsequent conflicts. In World War II, Soviet snipers used the 7.62×54mmR rifle cartridge with light, heavy, armou ...
. Credited with 309 kills, she is regarded as one of the top military snipers of all time and the most successful female sniper in history.
*
Pavlo Popovich (1930–2009) — Ukrainian Soviet
astronaut
An astronaut (from the Ancient Greek (), meaning 'star', and (), meaning 'sailor') is a person trained, equipped, and deployed by a human spaceflight program to serve as a commander or crew member aboard a spacecraft. Although generally r ...
, fourth ever person in
outer space
Outer space, commonly shortened to space, is the expanse that exists beyond Earth and its atmosphere and between celestial bodies. Outer space is not completely empty—it is a near-perfect vacuum containing a low density of particles, pred ...
, twice
Hero of the Soviet Union
The title Hero of the Soviet Union (russian: Герой Советского Союза, translit=Geroy Sovietskogo Soyuza) was the highest distinction in the Soviet Union, awarded together with the Order of Lenin personally or collectively for ...
*
Yossele Rosenblatt
Josef "Yossele" Rosenblatt (May 9, 1882 – June 19, 1933) was a Ukrainian-born chazzan (cantor) and composer. He was regarded as the greatest cantor of his time.
Biography
Rosenblatt was born on May 9, 1882, in Bila Tserkva, Russian Empire. ...
(1882–1933) — Renowned American cantor
*
Shaye Shkarovsky Shaye Shkarovsky (1891–1945) was a Yiddish author who lived in the Soviet Union. He was a member of the Vidervuks (New Growth) group in and around Kiev.Gennady Estraikh, "The New Growth" in ''In Harness: Yiddish Writers' Romance with Communism'' ...
(1891–1945) —
Yiddish
Yiddish (, or , ''yidish'' or ''idish'', , ; , ''Yidish-Taytsh'', ) is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated during the 9th century in Central Europe, providing the nascent Ashkenazi community with a ver ...
author
* Yaakov Steinberg (1887–1947) — Yiddish and Hebrew short-story writer, essayist, critic, and translator.
* Mikhael Sukernik (1902-1981) Russian/Ukrainian/Soviet Scientist, Chemist who contributed to the collection and preserving materials, development and publication of the Russian Yiddish Dictionary that was published in 1984.
Climate
Bila Tserkva is located at 49°47'58.6" North, 30°06'32.9" East and is above sea level. The city has a total area of .
Sister cities
*
Tarnów
Tarnów () is a city in southeastern Poland with 105,922 inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of 269,000 inhabitants. The city is situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship since 1999. From 1975 to 1998, it was the capital of the Tarn ...
,
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
*
Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski
Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski (), often referred to as Ostrowiec, is a city in southeastern Poland, in the historical region of Lesser Poland, with 66,258 residents (as of 2021). The town is one of historic centers of Polish industry and metallurgy, ...
,
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
*
Jingzhou
Jingzhou () is a prefecture-level city in southern Hubei province, China, located on the banks of the Yangtze River. Its total residential population was 5,231,180 based on the 2020 census, 1,068,291 of whom resided in the built-up (''or metro' ...
,
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
*
Kaunas
Kaunas (; ; also see other names) is the second-largest city in Lithuania after Vilnius and an important centre of Lithuanian economic, academic, and cultural life. Kaunas was the largest city and the centre of a county in the Duchy of Trakai ...
,
Lithuania
Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...
*
Kremenchuk
Kremenchuk (; uk, Кременчу́к, Kremenchuk ) is an industrial city in central Ukraine which stands on the banks of the Dnipro River. The city serves as the administrative center of the Kremenchuk Raion (district) in Poltava Oblast (pr ...
,
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
*
Braunschweig
Braunschweig () or Brunswick ( , from Low German ''Brunswiek'' , Braunschweig dialect: ''Bronswiek'') is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany, north of the Harz Mountains at the farthest navigable point of the river Oker, which connects it to the Nor ...
,
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
See also
*
Arboretum Oleksandriya
The Arboretum Oleksandriya ( uk, Державний дендрологічний парк «Олександрія») is an arboretum located in the city of Bila Tserkva of the Kyiv Oblast of Ukraine. It holds the state arboretum of the National ...
*
Bela Crkva, Banat
Bela Crkva ( sr-cyrl, Бела Црква, ; german: Weißkirchen; hu, Fehértemplom; ro, Biserica Albă) is a town and municipality located in the South Banat District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The town has a populati ...
*
Battle of Bila Tserkva (1651)
*
Bila Tserkva Massacre
The Bila Tserkva massacre was the World War II mass murder of Jews, committed by the Nazi German ''Einsatzgruppe'' with the aid of Ukrainian auxiliaries, in Bila Tserkva, Soviet Ukraine, on August 21–22, 1941. When the Jewish adult populatio ...
*
Bila Tserkva Raion
Bila Tserkva Raion ( uk, Білоцерківський район) is a raion (district) in Kyiv Oblast of Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Bila Tserkva. Population: .
On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of U ...
*
Bila Tserkva Regiment
The Bila Tserkva Regiment ( uk, Білоцерківський полк, russian: Белоцерковский полк) was one of the seventeen territorial-administrative subdivisions of the Hetman State. The regiment's capital was the city of Bi ...
*
Bila Tserkva Together
*
Great Choral Synagogue
*
Kyiv Oblast
Kyiv Oblast ( uk, Ки́ївська о́бласть, translit=Kyïvska oblast), also called Kyivshchyna ( uk, Ки́ївщина), is an oblast (province) in central and northern Ukraine. It surrounds, but does not include, the city of Kyiv, w ...
*
Treaty of Bila Tserkva
References
External links
Official Bila Tserkva city webportal in UkrainianHistory of Jewish Community in Belaya TserkovPeriod photos of Bila Tserkva* Perio
photos of Arboretum OleksandriiaSightseeing in Bila Tserkva
{{Authority control
1032 establishments in Europe
Cities of regional significance in Ukraine
Populated places established in the 11th century
Cities in Kyiv Oblast
Kiev Voivodeship
Vasilkovsky Uyezd
Cossack Hetmanate
Ukrainian Ashkenazi Jews
Ukrainian Jews
Shtetls
Yiddish-language literature
Yiddish-language folklore
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Russian Empire
20th-century Ukrainian Jews
Ukrainian Jews who died in the Holocaust
Jews who emigrated to escape Nazism
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Executed Renaissance