''Incunabula'' is the debut

studio album An album is a collection of audio recordings issued on compact disc (CD), Phonograph record, vinyl, audio tape, or another medium such as Digital distribution#Music, digital distribution. Albums of recorded sound were developed in the early ...

by English electronic music duo Autechre, released by UK label

Warp Warp, warped or warping may refer to: Arts and entertainment Books and comics * WaRP Graphics, an alternative comics publisher * ''Warp'' (First Comics), comic book series published by First Comics based on the play ''Warp!'' * Warp (comics), a ...

on 29 November 1993, and again by

Wax Trax! Wax Trax! Records is an American independent record label based in Chicago. It began as a record shop in Denver, Colorado, opened by life partners Jim Nash and Dannie Flesher, who sold the store in 1978 and moved to Chicago. In November of that ...

on 25 January 1994 in the United States. ''Incunabula'' became a surprise success, reaching the top of the UK Indie Chart. In 2012, UK magazine ''

Fact A fact is a datum about one or more aspects of a circumstance, which, if accepted as true and proven true, allows a logical conclusion to be reached on a true–false evaluation. Standard reference works are often used to check facts. Scient ...

'' named it the 11th best album of the 1990s. It was re-released on vinyl by Warp on 11 November 2016.

Production

Autechre member Rob Brown stated that ''Incunabula'' was "more of a compilation of old material" and that he believed follow-up album '' Amber'' was the "first album we put out on Warp." Music critics David Stubbs and Ned Raggett noted that ''Incunabula'' would differ from Autechre's later releases. Raggett found that the album "doesn't totally display the full experimentation which would dominate their future albums and singles" while Stubbs stated that following both ''Incunabula'' and ''Amber'', Autechre "took an increasingly remote turn, moving away from both the blissful pastures of the chillout zone and the wildfire, staplegun rhythms characteristic of the 'Intelligent Dance Music' brigade." Raggett continued that the first track "Kalpol Introl" "sets the overall mood for the rest of the record" with the track's combination of minimal beats and bass with various keyboard textures and understated melodies. He concluded that ''Incunabula'' "follows the same general tone; tracks often experiment with ghostly keyboard backing and mostly clinical beats combined with odd, individual touches."

Release

''Incunabula'' was released by

on 29 November 1993. It was released again by

on 25 January 1994 in the United States. ''Incunabula'' was re-released on vinyl by Warp on 11 November 2016.

Reception

In a contemporaneous review, the ''

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'' stated that the repetition of most techno would be repellent to audiences but that this was not the case with the genre's "ambient strain", lumping Autechre with groups like The Orb and Ultramarine and artists such as

Aphex Twin Richard David James (born 18 August 1971), best known as Aphex Twin, is an Irish-born British musician, composer and DJ. He is known for his idiosyncratic work in electronic music, electronic styles such as techno, ambient music, ambient, and jun ...

. The review found little relevance in citing individual tracks as highlights as they ebbed and flowed into each other, but stated that "the music is never boring and does inspire fits of introspection." From retrospective reviews, David Stubbs of '' The Wire'' discussed both ''Incunabula'' and '' Amber'' stating the two were "terrific adventures in homebrewed Techno but not radically dissimilar in method from the work of their Warp contemporaries." Raggett (AllMusic) stated that "despite the relative sameness in the basic arrangements of tracks covering the better portion of the album -- a few song subtractions wouldn't have hurt the 75-minute length any -- ''Incunabula'' still stands out as a better effort than many other U.K. techno albums of the early '90s." '' The New Rolling Stone Album Guide'' gave the both ''Incunabula'' and ''Amber'' two and half stars out of five, describing them as "smart if unexciting ambient watercolors" that "give no indication of the innovations to follow". '' Pitchfork'' gave a positive review of the album, praising tracks such as "Bike" and "Basscadet", described as a "fan-favorite hit of sorts", while criticizing the album's "unwarranted" length. ''

'' would place the album at 11th place on their list of best albums of the 1990s, stating that it was a "symphony of whirrs, cranks and rattling spokes; its formal ingenuity and sheer, brute intensity have sealed its status as a set text for the ages."

Track listing

Personnel

Credits adapted from ''Incunabulas record sleeve. * Sean Booth – writer, producer * Rob Brown – writer, producer * Adrian Harrow – assistance * Richard Brown – assistance *

Darrell Fitton Darrell Earnest Fitton is an English electronic musician from Rochdale, England. Most of his work is recorded under the monikers Bola and Jello, released primarily on Skam Records. Fitton has also contributed to electronic acts D-Breeze, Brahm ...

– assistance * Geoff Pesche – mastering * The Designers Republic – design * Daniel 72 – original images

References

External links

''Incunabula''
at the official Warp website {{Authority control 1993 debut albums Autechre albums Warp (record label) albums Wax Trax! Records albums Albums with cover art by The Designers Republic