Bijnor is a city and a
municipal board
A township is a kind of human settlement or administrative subdivision, with its meaning varying in different countries.
Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, that tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Ca ...
in
Bijnor district
Bijnor district is one of the 75 districts in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. Bijnor city is the district headquarters. The government of Uttar Pradesh seeks it to be included in National Capital Region (NCR) due to its close proximity to ...
in the state of
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh (; , 'Northern Province') is a state in northern India. With over 200 million inhabitants, it is the most populated state in India as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world. It was established in 1950 ...
, India
[UP seeks to include 6 districts in NCR]
Indian Express
''The Indian Express'' is an English-language Indian daily newspaper founded in 1932. It is published in Mumbai by the Indian Express Group. In 1999, eight years after the group's founder Ramnath Goenka's death in 1991, the group was split betw ...
.
History
Indus Valley Civilization
Alamgirpur
Alamgirpur is an archaeological site of the Indus Valley civilization that thrived along Yamuna River (c. 3300–1300 BC) from the Harappan- Bara period, located in Meerut district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is the easternmost site of the civiliza ...
, also called "Parasaram ka khera", is an archaeological site of the
Indus Valley civilization
The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilisation was a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form 2600 BCE to 1900&n ...
that thrived along
Yamuna River
The Yamuna ( Hindustani: ), also spelt Jumna, is the second-largest tributary river of the Ganges by discharge and the longest tributary in India. Originating from the Yamunotri Glacier at a height of about on the southwestern slopes of Ban ...
(c. 3300–1300 BC) from the Harappan-
Bara period, located in
Meerut district
Meerut district, is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Meerut is the district headquarters. Meerut district is also a part of the Meerut division. The administrative head of district of Meerut is a District Magistrate w ...
,
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh (; , 'Northern Province') is a state in northern India. With over 200 million inhabitants, it is the most populated state in India as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world. It was established in 1950 ...
,
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
.
It is the easternmost site of the civilization. It was partially excavated in 1958 and 1959 by
Archaeological Survey of India
The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is an Indian government agency that is responsible for archaeological research and the conservation and preservation of cultural historical monuments in the country. It was founded in 1861 by Alexande ...
, that found four cultural periods with intervening breaks; the earliest of them represented by a thickness of 6 feet, belonged to Harappan Culture. Although kiln burnt bricks were in evidence, no structure of this period was found, probably due to the limited nature of the excavations. Brick sizes were, 11.25 to 11.75 in. in length,5.25 to 6.25 in. in breadth and 2.5 to 2.75 in. in thickness; larger bricks averaged 14 in. x 8 in.x 4 in. which were used in furnace only.
Typical Harappan pottery was found and the complex itself appeared to be a pottery workshop. Ceramic items found included roof tiles, dishes, cups, vases, cubical dice, beads, terracotta cakes, carts and figurines of a humped bull and a snake.
There were also beads and possibly ear studs made of
steatite
Soapstone (also known as steatite or soaprock) is a talc-schist, which is a type of metamorphic rock. It is composed largely of the magnesium rich mineral talc. It is produced by dynamothermal metamorphism and metasomatism, which occur in the zo ...
paste,
faience
Faience or faïence (; ) is the general English language term for fine tin-glazed pottery. The invention of a white pottery glaze suitable for painted decoration, by the addition of an oxide of tin to the slip of a lead glaze, was a major ad ...
, glass, carnelian, quartz, agate and black jasper. Little metal was in evidence. However, a broken blade made of copper was found.
Medieval history
King Bijli Pasi is credited as the founder of the city of Bijnor in
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh (; , 'Northern Province') is a state in northern India. With over 200 million inhabitants, it is the most populated state in India as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world. It was established in 1950 ...
. Pasi consolidated his position when
northern India
North India is a loosely defined region consisting of the northern part of India. The dominant geographical features of North India are the Indo-Gangetic Plain and the Himalayas, which demarcate the region from the Tibetan Plateau and Central ...
was divided into several small states, before the fall of the mighty empires of the past.
During the time of
Akbar
Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (25 October 1542 – 27 October 1605), popularly known as Akbar the Great ( fa, ), and also as Akbar I (), was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. Akbar succeeded his father, Hum ...
, Bijnor was part of his
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire was an early-modern empire that controlled much of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries. Quote: "Although the first two Timurid emperors and many of their noblemen were recent migrants to the subcontinent, the d ...
. During the early 18th century, the
Rohilla
Rohillas are a community of Pashtun ancestry, historically found in Rohilkhand, a region in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It forms the largest Pashtun diaspora community in India, and has given its name to the Rohilkhand region. The Ro ...
Pashtuns
Pashtuns (, , ; ps, پښتانه, ), also known as Pakhtuns or Pathans, are an Iranian ethnic group who are native to the geographic region of Pashtunistan in the present-day countries of Afghanistan and Pakistan. They were historically re ...
established their independence in the area called by the
Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand (previously Rampur State) is a region in the northwestern part of Uttar Pradesh, India, that is centered on the Rampur, Bareilly and Moradabad divisions. It is part of the upper Ganges Plain, and is named after the Rohilla tribe. Th ...
. Around 1748, the Rohilla chief
Ali Mohammed Khan
Ali Muhammad Khan (bf. 1714 – 15 September 1748) was a Rohilla chief who succeeded his foster father Sardar Daud Khan Rohilla at the age of fourteen. He eventually went on to found the Kingdom of Rohilkhand in the northwestern region of the U ...
made his first annexations in Bijnor, the rest of which soon fell under the Rohilla domination. The northern districts were granted by
Ali Mohammed Khan
Ali Muhammad Khan (bf. 1714 – 15 September 1748) was a Rohilla chief who succeeded his foster father Sardar Daud Khan Rohilla at the age of fourteen. He eventually went on to found the Kingdom of Rohilkhand in the northwestern region of the U ...
to Khurshid Ahmed Baig, who gradually extended his influence west of the
Ganges
The Ganges ( ) (in India: Ganga ( ); in Bangladesh: Padma ( )). "The Ganges Basin, known in India as the Ganga and in Bangladesh as the Padma, is an international river to which India, Bangladesh, Nepal and China are the riparian states." is ...
and at
Delhi
Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, primarily its western or right bank, Delhi shares borders w ...
, receiving the title of
Najib-ud-daula
Najib ad-Dawlah ( ps, نجيب الدوله), also known as Najib Khan Yousafzai ( ps, نجيب خان), was a Rohilla Yousafzai Afghan who earlier served as a Mughal serviceman but later deserted the cause of the Mughals and joined Ahmed S ...
with the position of the paymaster of the Mughal forces.
Maratha
The Marathi people (Marathi: मराठी लोक) or Marathis are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group who are indigenous to Maharashtra in western India. They natively speak Marathi, an Indo-Aryan language. Maharashtra was formed as a M ...
s invaded Bijnor who was also instigated by enemies of Rohillas, leading to several battles. Rohilla chief, Najib, who sided with
Ahmad Shah Abdali
Ahmad Shāh Durrānī ( ps, احمد شاه دراني; prs, احمد شاه درانی), also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī (), was the founder of the Durrani Empire and is regarded as the founder of the modern Afghanistan. In July 1747, Ahm ...
in
Panipat
Panipat () is a historic city in Haryana, India. It is 95 km north of Delhi and 169 km south of Chandigarh on List of National Highways in India, NH-1. The three major battles fought in First Battle of Panipat, 1526, Second Battle of ...
, was made vizier of the empire.
Climate
Demographics
As per 2011 census, Bijnor
urban agglomeration
An urban area, built-up area or urban agglomeration is a human settlement with a high population density and infrastructure of built environment. Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology as cities, t ...
had a population of 115,381 out of which males were 60,656 and females were 54,725. The effective literacy rate (7+ population) was 77.90 per cent.
Administration and Politics
Bijnor district administration is headed by the
district magistrate and collector
A District Collector-cum-District Magistrate (also known as Deputy Commissioner in some states) is an All India Service officer of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) cadre who is responsible for ''land revenue collection'', ''canal reven ...
(DM) of Bijnor, an
IAS officer
The Indian Administrative Service (IAS) is the administrative arm of the All India Services of Government of India. Considered the premier civil service of India, the IAS is one of the three arms of the All India Services along with the Indian ...
, who reports to the
divisional commissioner of
Moradabad
Moradabad () is a city, commissionary and municipal corporation in Moradabad district of Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Moradabad is situated on the banks of the Ramganga river, at a distance of from the national capital, New Delhi and 344 ...
. The DM is in charge of property records and revenue collection for the central government and oversees the
elections
An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office.
Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has operate ...
held in the city. He is also responsible for maintaining law and order in the city.
The DM is assisted by two additional district magistrates and several other officers.
Bijnor district comes under the
Bareilly
Bareilly () is a city in Bareilly district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is among the largest metropolises in Western Uttar Pradesh and is the centre of the Bareilly division as well as the historical region of Rohilkhand. The city ...
Police Zone and
Moradabad
Moradabad () is a city, commissionary and municipal corporation in Moradabad district of Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Moradabad is situated on the banks of the Ramganga river, at a distance of from the national capital, New Delhi and 344 ...
Police Range. The district police is headed by a
superintendent of police
Superintendent (Supt) is a rank in the British police and in most English-speaking Commonwealth nations. In many Commonwealth countries, the full version is superintendent of police (SP). The rank is also used in most British Overseas Territories ...
(SP), who is an
IPS
IPS, ips, or iPS may refer to:
Science and technology Biology and medicine
* ''Ips'' (genus), a genus of bark beetle
* Induced pluripotent stem cell or iPS cells
* Intermittent photic stimulation, a neuroimaging technique
* Intraparietal sulcus, ...
officer, and is assisted by two
additional superintendents of police for city and east from the
Provincial Police Service.
Each of the several police circles is headed by a circle officer in the rank of
deputy superintendent of police.
Bijnor has a District Court under the
High Court of Judicature of Allahabad. The court is headed by the district judge of Bijnor, who is assisted by numerous additional district judges, civil judges and additional civil judges.
In popular culture
* The Hindi TV show, ''
Yahan Ke Hum Sikandar
''Yahan Ke Hum Sikandar'' is an Indian Hindi language teen drama television series which aired on DD National from 2011 to 2013. The show stars assembled cast of Tom Alter, Saksham Dayma, Anu Nain, Dhruv Raj Sharma, Tanvi Chaturvedi, Ritu Chauhan ...
'' was set in Bijnor.
A book written by engineer Hemant Kumar of village Pheena/Fina, Bijnor, 'Vividh Prakar Ke Bhawnon Ka Parichay Ewam Nakshe' was given the ‘Sampurnanand nominated award of 2019 by Hindi Sansthan, Government of Uttar Pradesh. In this award, a letter of honor and an amount of 75 thousand was given. This is the biggest state level award in the technical/technical writing category. Engineer Hemant Kumar is also working in research, innovation, greenery extension and local historiography. The India Book of Records has recognized Hemant Kumar's book 'Gram Pheena Ke Swatantrata Sangram Senani Aur Unki Sangharsh Gatha' as a record titled ‘Book on maximum anonymous freedom fighters of a specific village’. Inventions named ‘Controlled water and air dispenser for indoor and outdoor plants’ and ‘Adjustable mouth opening bar bending key’
invent by Hemant Kumar have been granted patent by the Government of India.
People from Bijnor
*
Abdur Rahman Bijnori, Indian Urdu poet and scholar
*
Marghubur Rahman Bijnori, vice chancellor of Darul Uloom Deoband
*
Asaf Ali
Asaf Ali (11 May 1888 – 2 April 1953) was an Indian independence fighter and noted Indian lawyer. He was the first Indian Ambassador to the United States. He also served as the Governor of Odisha.
Education
Asaf Ali was educated at St. Step ...
Freedom fighter and First Ambassador to USA
*Raja Jawala Prasad was born in Mandawar town of
Bijnor district
Bijnor district is one of the 75 districts in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. Bijnor city is the district headquarters. The government of Uttar Pradesh seeks it to be included in National Capital Region (NCR) due to its close proximity to ...
of
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh (; , 'Northern Province') is a state in northern India. With over 200 million inhabitants, it is the most populated state in India as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world. It was established in 1950 ...
. He studied engineering from Thomason Civil Engineering College, Roorkee (now
IIT Roorkee
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (abbreviated IIT Roorkee) is a technical university located in Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India. It is the oldest engineering institution in India, and was founded as the College of Civil Engineering in Bri ...
), graduating in 1900. He joined the Irrigation Department and retired as Chief Engineer in Uttar Pradesh. He was responsible for the Ganga Canal Grid Scheme constructed in 1924. The British government honored him with the title of Raja. After retiring from government service in 1930, he became the Pro Vice Chancellor of
Banaras Hindu University
Banaras Hindu University (BHU) IAST: kāśī hindū viśvavidyālaya IPA: /kaːʃiː hɪnd̪uː ʋɪʃwəʋid̪jaːləj/), is a collegiate, central, and research university located in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, and founded in 1916 ...
. In 1937, he was chairman of a committee to reorganize Thomason College of Engineering Roorkee, though this reorganization was not carried out until after Independence. He died on September 16, 1944.
See also
*
List of cities in Uttar Pradesh
The Indian state of Uttar Pradesh borders with Nepal and the Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and National Capital Territory of Delhi. The Himalayas lies in the n ...
*
Dehra, Uttar Pradesh
*
Bijnor railway station
Bijnor railway station is a railway station in India where Mussoori express, Garhwal express, Chandigarh Lucknow express trains are stopped. The only railway station is the Najibabad Junction Railway Station in Bijnor district where maximum tr ...
*
Bijnor (Assembly constituency)
Bijnor Assembly constituency is one of the 403 constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India. It is a part of the Bijnor district and one of the five assembly constituencies in the Bijnor Lok Sabha constituency. First election ...
*
Bijnor (Lok Sabha constituency)
Bijnor Lok Sabha Constituency is one of the 80 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Uttar Pradesh state in northern India
Vidhan Sabha segments
Members of Lok Sabha
^ by poll
Election results General Election 2019
General ...
*
1990 Bijnor riot
References
External links
Official Website*
ttps://bijnortimes.com/ Bijnor Times
{{Authority control
Bijnor