The Bijelo Brdo cultureEngel 2001, p. 17.Spinei 2003, p. 57. or Bjelo-Brdo cultureCurta 2006, p. 192. is an

early medieval The Early Middle Ages (or early medieval period), sometimes controversially referred to as the Dark Ages, is typically regarded by historians as lasting from the late 5th or early 6th century to the 10th century. They marked the start of the Mi ...

archaeological culture An archaeological culture is a recurring assemblage of types of artifacts, buildings and monuments from a specific period and region that may constitute the material culture remains of a particular past human society. The connection between thes ...

flourishing in the 10th and 11th centuries in

Central Europe Central Europe is an area of Europe between Western Europe and Eastern Europe, based on a common historical, social and cultural identity. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) between Catholicism and Protestantism significantly shaped the area' ...

. It represents a synthesis of the culture introduced in the

Carpathian Basin The Pannonian Basin, or Carpathian Basin, is a large basin situated in south-east Central Europe. The geomorphological term Pannonian Plain is more widely used for roughly the same region though with a somewhat different sense, with only th ...

by the conquering Hungarians around 900 and of earlier cultures existing in the territory (in present-day

Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...

Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...

Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...

Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...

and

Slovakia Slovakia (; sk, Slovensko ), officially the Slovak Republic ( sk, Slovenská republika, links=no ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the s ...

) before the Hungarian conquest.Barford 2001, p. 231. Female dress accessories, including "jewellery of plaited wire, two-piece sheetwork pendants, snake-head bracelets and S-shaped temple-reings" (P. M. Barford), are the most characteristic items of the culture. The culture disappeared around 1100, most probably not independently of laws adopted under Kings Ladislaus I and

Coloman of Hungary Coloman the Learned, also the Book-Lover or the Bookish ( hu, Könyves Kálmán; hr, Koloman; sk, Koloman Učený; 10703February 1116) was King of Hungary from 1095 and King of Croatia from 1097 until his death. Because Coloman and his younge ...

which prescribed the burial of dead in graveyards developed near churches. Initially it was thought that the poorer Hungarian(Magyar) gravesites were Slavic and that only the rich horse-warrior burials were Hungarian. This view was challenged in the 1940s and is now rejected by Hungarian scholars, who see the poorer burials as Magyar commoners, such as Béla Szőke. It is named after an archeological site, a medieval graveyard found near the village of

Bijelo Brdo, Croatia Bijelo Brdo ( sr-cyr, Бијело Брдо, hu, Darnó, german: Wellibardo) is a village in the Erdut municipality in eastern Croatia. It is connected by the D213 road and by R202 railway. It has a total of 1,961 inhabitants (2011). Geography ...

and excavated since 1895. The dating at 7th Century of Site 1 was established by

Zdenko Vinski Zdenko Vinski (3 May 1913 – 13 October 1996) was a notable Croatian archaeologist. Vinski was born to a Jewish family on 3 May 1913 in Zagreb where he finished elementary and high school. His father was Oton Vinski, an influential Croatian ba ...

.Bože Mimica ''Slavonija u XX. stoljeću'' 2009 Page 332 "Nalazište Bijelo Brdo I. arheološki je pouzdano datirao Zdenko Vinski (1913-1996) u sredinu ili drugu polovicu 7. stoljeća." Bijelo brdo culture01

According to the Russian archaeologist Valentin Vasilyevich Sedov, the basic territory of Bijelo Brdo culture included territory of present-day Hungary, southern Slovakia and part of Serbian Vojvodina.

Footnotes

References

*Barford, P. M. (2001). ''The Early Slavs: Culture and Society in Early Medieval Eastern Europe''. Cornell University Press. . *Curta, Florin (2006). ''Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250''. Cambridge University Press. . *Engel, Pál (2001). ''The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526''. I.B. Tauris Publishers. . *Spinei, Victor (2003). ''The Great Migrations in the East and South East of Europe from the Ninth to the Thirteenth Century'' (Translated by Dana Bădulescu). . * {{Refend Early medieval archaeological cultures of Europe Slavic archaeological cultures Archaeological cultures of Central Europe Archaeological cultures in Croatia Archaeological cultures in Hungary Archaeological cultures in Romania Archaeological cultures in Serbia Archaeological cultures in Slovakia Archaeological cultures in Ukraine

See also

Footnotes

References