Bicosoecida (

ICZN The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) is a widely accepted convention in zoology that rules the formal scientific naming of organisms treated as animals. It is also informally known as the ICZN Code, for its publisher, the I ...

) or Bicosoecales/Bicoecea ( ICBN) is an order of Bikosea, a small group of unicellular

flagellate A flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella. The word ''flagellate'' also describes a particular construction (or level of organization) characteristic of many prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their ...

s, included among the heterokonts. Informally known as bicosoecids, they are a small group of unicellular

s. The cells are free-living, with no

chloroplast A chloroplast () is a type of membrane-bound organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells. The photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight, converts it, and stores it in ...

s, and in some genera are encased in a lorica. The name of the type genus ''

Bicosoeca ''Bicosoeca'' is a genus of bicosoecids in the family Bicosoecaceae. It is the type genus of its family. The name ''Bicosoeca'', described by James-Clark in 1866, is derived from Greek roots (, vase, bowl, plus , inhabit). The philologically ...

'' described by James-Clark in 1866 is derived from Greek roots (, vase, bowl, plus ''oekein'', inhabit). The philologically preferable compound would be ''Bicoeca'', as "corrected" by Stein in 1878 and followed by most subsequent authors. However, according to the ICBN and

, the original spelling of the name cannot be considered incorrect and it must be used in its original form. The group was formerly considered to be related to the Chrysophyceae. Some authors use the vernacular term "bicosoecid" (or "bicoecid") in a narrower sense, only for ''Bicosoeca'', applying "bicoeceans" to ''Bicosoeca'' and related groups like ''

Cafeteria A cafeteria, sometimes called a canteen outside the U.S., is a type of food service location in which there is little or no waiting staff table service, whether a restaurant or within an institution such as a large office building or school ...

''. With the advent of using molecular phylogenies to resolve relationships of many

eukaryote Eukaryotes () are organisms whose cells have a nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms, are Eukaryotes. They belong to the group of organisms Eukaryota or Eukarya, which is one of the three domains of life. Bacte ...

s the original circumscription of bicosoecids has been greatly expanded upon to include other orders and the rank has changed from an order to a class.

Classification

* Family Labromonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2006 ** Genus '' Labromonas'' Cavalier-Smith 2006 * Family Bicosoecaceae Ritter von Stein 1878 ** ?Genus ''

Platytheca ''Platytheca'' is a genus of small shrubs in the family Elaeocarpaceae from the south-west of Western Australia. The genus was formally described by Joachim Steetz, his description published in ''Plantae Preissianae ''Plantae preissianae siv ...

'' Stein 1878 nom. nud. ** Genus ''

'' Clark 1866 ** Genus '' Codonoeca'' Clark 1867 ** Genus '' Hedraeophysa'' Kent 1880

References

Bibliography

* Hibberd, D. J. (1986). Ultrastructure of the Chrysophyceae. Colorless forms
p. 29-30
In: ''Chrysophytes: Aspects and Problems''. Kristiansen, J. and R.A. Andersen ds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

External links

* Heterokont orders SAR supergroup orders {{Heterokont-stub