![Bikol_languages_subdivision_map](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Bikol_languages_subdivision_map.png)
The Bikol languages or Bicolano languages are a group of
Central Philippine languages
The Central Philippine languages are the most geographically widespread demonstrated group of languages in the Philippines, being spoken in southern Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao, and Sulu. They are also the most populous, including Tagalog (and ...
spoken mostly in the
Bicol Peninsula
Bicol, known formally as the Bicol Region or colloquially as Bicolandia ( bcl, Rehiyon kan Bikol; Rinconada Bikol: ''Rehiyon ka Bikol''; Waray Sorsogon, Masbateño: ''Rehiyon san Bikol''; tl, Rehiyon ng Bikol), is an administrative region of ...
in the island of
Luzon
Luzon (; ) is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the Philippines archipelago, it is the economic and political center of the nation, being home to the country's capital city, Manila, as ...
, the neighboring island province of
Catanduanes
Catanduanes (; ), officially the Province of Catanduanes, is an island province located in the Bicol Region of Luzon in the Philippines. It is the 12th-largest island in the Philippines, and lies to the east of Camarines Sur, across Maqueda ...
and the island of
Burias in
Masbate
Masbate, officially the Province of Masbate ( Masbateño: ''Probinsya san Masbate''; tl, Lalawigan ng Masbate), is an island province in the Philippines located near the midsection of the nation's archipelago. Its provincial capital is Masbate C ...
.
Internal classification
Ethnologue
![Essay in Bicol Dialect](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Essay_in_Bicol_Dialect.jpg)
''
Ethnologue'' groups the languages of Bikol as follows:
*Coastal Bikol (Northern)
**
Isarog Agta language
**
Mount Iraya Agta language
Mount Iraya Agta is a Bikol language spoken by a semi-nomadic hunter-gatherer Agta (Negrito) people of the Philippines, east of Lake Buhi in Luzon. It is mutually intelligible with Mount Iriga Agta on the other side of the lake.
As of 2013, the ...
**
Central Bikol language
Central Bikol commonly called Bikol Naga, also known simply as Bikol, is an Austronesian language spoken by the Bicolanos, primarily in the Bicol Region of southern Luzon, Philippines. It is spoken in the northern and western part of Camarines ...
***
Canaman
Canaman, officially the Municipality of Canaman ( bcl, Banwaan kan Canaman; tl, Bayan ng Canaman) is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 36,205 people.
Cana ...
dialect (standard)
***
Naga City dialect
***Partido dialect
***Tabaco–Legazpi–Sorsogon (TLS) dialect
***Daet dialect
**
Southern Catanduanes Bikol language
Southern Catanduanes Bikol, or Virac is one of the Bikol languages of Catanduanes
Catanduanes (; ), officially the Province of Catanduanes, is an island province located in the Bicol Region of Luzon in the Philippines. It is the 12th-large ...
*Inland Bikol (Southern)
**
Mount Iriga Agta language
Inagta Rinconada (Mount Iriga Agta) is a Bikol language spoken by a semi-nomadic hunter-gatherer Agta (Negrito) people of the Philippines. It is spoken to the east of Iriga City up to the shores of Lake Buhi. The language is largely intelligible ...
**
Albay Bikol language
Albay Bikol, or simply Albayanon is a group of languages and one of the three languages that compose Inland Bikol. It is spoken in the southwestern coast of Albay, (Pio Duran, Jovellar) and northwestern Sorsogon.
The region is bordered by the C ...
s
***Buhinon language
***Libon language
***West Miraya language
***East Miraya language
**
Rinconada Bikol language
Rinconada Bikol or simply Rinconada, spoken in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines, is one of several languages that compose the Inland Bikol (or Southern Bicol) group of the Bikol macrolanguage. It belongs to the Austronesian language ...
***Highland/Sinabukid dialect
****Agta variant
****Iriga variant (standard)
***Lakeside/Sinaranəw dialect
****Baao variant
****Bato variant
****Bula–Pili variant
****Nabua–Balatan variant
*
Northern Catanduanes Bikol (Pandan Bikol)
McFarland (1974)
Curtis McFarland gives the following classification for the Bikol languages.
Lobel (2000)
While McFarland (1974) splits Bikol into 11 dialects, Lobel (2000) splits Bikol into 12 different dialects (including Partido Bikol, which McFarland does not differentiate) and 4 main branches.
* Northern Coastal Bikol
#
Central Standard – spoken primarily in
Naga City, Cam. Sur,
Tabaco
Tabaco, officially the City of Tabaco ( bcl, Siyudad kan Tabaco; fil, Lungsod ng Tabaco), is a 4th class component city in the province of Albay, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 140,961 people.
It is one of t ...
&
Legazpi, Albay and
Sorsogon City, Sorsogon. Also recognized (and sometimes understood) in
Daet
Daet (), officially the Municipality of Daet ( bcl, Banwaan kan Daet; tl, Bayan ng Daet), is a 1st class municipality and capital of the province of Camarines Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 111,700 peo ...
, Camarines Norte and many other areas of Camarines Sur,
San Pascual, Masbate on
Burias Island
Burias Island is one of the three major islands of Masbate province in the Philippines. It is separated from the Bicol Peninsula by the Burias Pass. The other two major islands are Ticao Island and Masbate Island
Masbate Island is the largest ...
, first and second districts of Albay, southwestern coast of Catanduanes, and northeastern Sorsogon.
## Daet area variant
## Naga City area variant
## Tabaco–Legazpi–Sorsogon area variant
## Southwestern and northern town of
San Andres and
Caramoran, Catanduanes.
#
Partido – spoken in the Camarines Sur municipalities of
Ocampo,
Goa
Goa () is a state on the southwestern coast of India within the Konkan region, geographically separated from the Deccan highlands by the Western Ghats. It is located between the Indian states of Maharashtra to the north and Karnataka to the ...
,
Tigaon,
Lagonoy
Lagonoy, officially the Municipality of Lagonoy ( bcl, Banwaan kan Lagonoy; tl, Bayan ng Lagonoy), is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 56,714 people.
E ...
,
Sagñay, and
San Jose. This dialect has a mellow intonation and is heavily influenced by Rinconada Bikol.
#
Southern Catanduanes – spoken in the southern half of Catanduanes.
##
Virac area variant
##
Bato area variant
##
Baras area variant
##
San Miguel variant (transitional to North Catanduanes)
* Southern Coastal and
Inland Bikol
#
Rinconada Bikol
Rinconada Bikol or simply Rinconada, spoken in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines, is one of several languages that compose the Inland Bikol (or Southern Bicol) group of the Bikol languages, Bikol macrolanguage. It belongs to the Austron ...
– spoken primarily in
Iriga City
Iriga, officially the City of Iriga ( Rinconada Bikol: ''Syudad ka Iriga''; bcl, Siyudad nin Iriga; fil, Lungsod ng Iriga), is component city in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of ...
,
Baao
Baao, officially the Municipality of Baao ( Rinconada Bikol: ''Banwāan ka Baao''; Tagalog: ''Bayan ng Baao)'' is 1st class municipality in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 61,493 p ...
,
Bula,
Balatan,
Baao
Baao, officially the Municipality of Baao ( Rinconada Bikol: ''Banwāan ka Baao''; Tagalog: ''Bayan ng Baao)'' is 1st class municipality in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 61,493 p ...
and
Nabua
Nabua, officially the Municipality of Nabua ( Rinconada Bikol: ''Banwāan ka Nabua''; Tagalog: ''Bayan ng Nabua''), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 8 ...
, Camarines Sur. Also in some parts of Ocampo, Buhi and Pili in Camarines Sur and in parts of Polangui, Albay.
## Lakeside Rinconada dialect (lacks /
ə/ vowel)
## Highland Rinconada dialect (with /
ə/ vowel)
# Buhinon – spoken in
Buhi, Camarines Sur. Contains features from both the Bikol of Polangui, Albay and the Iriga variant of Rinconada Bikol.
# Libon – spoken in
Libon, Albay.
# West Miraya – spoken in
Ligao City
Ligao, officially the City of Ligao ( bcl, Siyudad kan Ligao; fil, Lungsod ng Ligao), is a 4th class component city in the province of Albay, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 118,096 people. Most of the city's ...
,
Polangui
Polangui, officially the Municipality of Polangui ( bcl, Banwaan kan Polangui; tl, Bayan ng Polangui), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Albay, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of people.
Etymology ...
,
Oas
OAS or Oas may refer to:
Chemistry
* O-Acetylserine, amino-acid involved in cysteine synthesis
Computers
* Open-Architecture-System, the main user interface of Wersi musical keyboards
* OpenAPI Specification (originally Swagger Specification) ...
, and
Pio Duran
Pio Duran, officially the Municipality of Pio Duran ( bcl, Banwaan kan Pio Duran; tl, Bayan ng Pio Duran), is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Albay, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 49,070 people.
Acc ...
, Albay.
# East Miraya – spoken in
Guinobatan
Guinobatan, officially the Municipality of Guinobatan ( bcl, Banwaan kan Guinobatan; tl, Bayan ng Guinobatan), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Albay, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 85,786 people.
...
,
Camalig
Camalig, officially the Municipality of Camalig ( bcl, Banwaan kan Camalig; tl, Bayan ng Camalig), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Albay, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 72,042 people. It is known f ...
,
Daraga
Daraga, officially the Municipality of Daraga ( bcl, Banwaan kan Daraga; tl, Bayan ng Daraga), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Albay, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 133,893.
The municipality is ...
&
Jovellar
Jovellar, officially the Municipality of Jovellar ( bcl, Banwaan kan Jovellar; tl, Bayan ng Jovellar), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Albay, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 17,795 people.
The tow ...
, Albay and
Donsol
Donsol, officially the Municipality of Donsol, (Central Bikol: Banwaan kan Donsol; Tagalog: Bayan ng Donsol) is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 50,281 people. ...
&
Pilar, Sorsogon.
## Central (
Guinobatan
Guinobatan, officially the Municipality of Guinobatan ( bcl, Banwaan kan Guinobatan; tl, Bayan ng Guinobatan), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Albay, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 85,786 people.
...
)
## Far East (
Camalig
Camalig, officially the Municipality of Camalig ( bcl, Banwaan kan Camalig; tl, Bayan ng Camalig), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Albay, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 72,042 people. It is known f ...
,
Daraga
Daraga, officially the Municipality of Daraga ( bcl, Banwaan kan Daraga; tl, Bayan ng Daraga), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Albay, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 133,893.
The municipality is ...
)
## Southeast (
Jovellar, Albay,
Donsol
Donsol, officially the Municipality of Donsol, (Central Bikol: Banwaan kan Donsol; Tagalog: Bayan ng Donsol) is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 50,281 people. ...
,
Pilar)
* Northern Catanduanes
#
Pandan Bikol
Pandan Bikol, or Northern Catanduanes Bicolano, is one of the three groups of the Bikol languages. It is spoken in Pandan and northeastern portion of Catanduanes.
Examples
Wh-questions
*What? – ,
*Who? – ,
*Where? – ,
*When? –
*Wh ...
– spoken by about 80,000 people or the northern half of Catanduanes.
##
Bagamanoc area variant
##
Caramoran area variant (transitional to South Catanduanes)
##
Gigmoto area variant (transitional to South Catanduanes)
##
Pandan area variant
##
Panganiban area variant
##
Viga area variant
*
Bisakol
#
Northern Sorsogon – spoken in
Sorsogon City,
Castilla,
Casiguran and
Juban.
##
Castilla area variant (mixed with Bikol-Legazpi)
##
Casiguran–
Juban area variant
#
Southern Sorsogon (also known as Gubat language) – spoken in
Gubat
Gubat, officially the Municipality of Gubat ( Gubatnon: ''Bungto san Gubat''; war, Bungto han Gubat, tl, Bayan ng Gubat), is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of ...
;
Barcelona
Barcelona ( , , ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within ci ...
,
Bulusan,
Santa Magdalena,
Matnog
Matnog, officially the Municipality of Matnog ( Waray Sorsogon: ''Bungto san Matnog''; war, Bungto han Matnog, tl, Bayan ng Matnog), is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a po ...
,
Irosin
Irosin, officially the Municipality of Irosin ( Waray Sorsogon: ''Bungto san Irosin''; war, Bungto han Irosin, tl, Bayan ng Irosin), is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a pop ...
, and
Bulan.
#
Masbateño – spoken in
Masbate City
Masbate City, officially the City of Masbate ( Masbateño: ''Syudad san Masbate''; fil, Lungsod ng Masbate), is a 4th class component city and capital of the province of Masbate, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of ...
,
Mobo
The MOBO Awards (Music of Black Origin, also known as the MOBOs) are an annual British music award presentation honouring achievements in " music of black origin", including hip hop, grime, UK Drill, R&B, soul, reggae, jazz, gospel, and ...
,
Uson,
Dimasalang
Dimasalang, officially the Municipality of Dimasalang, is a 4th class municipality in the province of Masbate, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 24,909 people.
In 1951 the barrios of Palanas, Nipa, Nabangig, Banc ...
,
Palanas,
Masbate
Masbate, officially the Province of Masbate ( Masbateño: ''Probinsya san Masbate''; tl, Lalawigan ng Masbate), is an island province in the Philippines located near the midsection of the nation's archipelago. Its provincial capital is Masbate C ...
,
Aroroy
Aroroy, officially the Municipality of Aroroy, is a 1st class municipality in the province of Masbate, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 88,351 people. The town is known for the Kalanay Cave, one of the most import ...
on the island of Masbate, all of
Ticao Island
Ticao Island is an island with a total land area of . It is one of the three major islands of Masbate province in the Philippines. It is separated from the Bicol Peninsula by the Ticao Pass. The other two major islands are Masbate Island () and ...
, and
Claveria on the southern half of Burias Island.
## Standard Masbateño
##
Ticao Island
Ticao Island is an island with a total land area of . It is one of the three major islands of Masbate province in the Philippines. It is separated from the Bicol Peninsula by the Ticao Pass. The other two major islands are Masbate Island () and ...
variant
Some dialects of Southern Bikol have the
close central unrounded vowel
The close central unrounded vowel, or high central unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , namely the lower-case letter ''i'' with a hori ...
as a reflex of
Proto-Austronesian
Proto-Austronesian (commonly abbreviated as PAN or PAn) is a proto-language. It is the reconstructed ancestor of the Austronesian languages, one of the world's major language families. Proto-Austronesian is assumed to have begun to diversify ...
. However, Proto-Austronesian is realized as in
Libon. Two Bikol dialects have unique additional consonants, namely Southern Catanduanes, which has an
interdental
Interdental consonants are produced by placing the tip of the tongue between the upper and lower front teeth. That differs from dental consonants, which are articulated with the tongue against the ''back'' of the upper incisors. No language is kn ...
lateral
Lateral is a geometric term of location which may refer to:
Healthcare
*Lateral (anatomy), an anatomical direction
* Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
* Lateral release (surgery), a surgical procedure on the side of a kneecap
Phonetics
*Lateral co ...
consonant (also transcribed as ),
and Buhi-non, which has the
voiced velar fricative
The voiced velar fricative is a type of consonantal sound that is used in various spoken languages. It is not found in Modern English but existed in Old English. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , ...
.
See also
*
Vocabulario de la lengua Bicol
The ''Vocabulario de la lengua bicol'' (Spanish for ''Vocabulary of the Bicol language'') is a list of vocabulary of the Bicol language, collected by Marcos de Lisboa when he was assigned to Bicol Region, Philippines.
Lisboa, a Franciscan fria ...
References
Sources
*
*
External links
Translate Bikol an online English–Bikol and Bisakol languages translator.
*
A Bikol language database is available through the
Kaipuleohone Kaipuleohone is a digital ethnographic archive that houses audio and visual files, photographs, as well as hundreds of textual material such as notes, dictionaries, and transcriptions relating to small and endangered languages. The archive is stored ...
archive.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bikol Languages
Central Philippine languages
Languages of the Philippines
Bicolano