The American Civil War bibliography comprises books that deal in large part with the

American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by states th ...

. There are over 60,000 books on the war, with more appearing each month. There is no complete bibliography to the war; the largest guide to books is over 40 years old and lists over 6,000 titles.See Allan Nevins, Bell Irvin Wiley, and James I. Robertson, ''Civil War Books: A Critical Bibliography'' (2 vol, 1970) Note: This article forms part of

Bibliography of the American Civil War The American Civil War bibliography comprises books that deal in large part with the American Civil War. There are over 60,000 books on the war, with more appearing each month. Authors James Lincoln Collier and Christopher Collier stated in 2012, ...

Union military leaders

General reference

* ''American National Biography'' 24 vol (1999). * Bledsoe, Andrew S. ''Citizen-Officers: The Union and Confederate Volunteer Junior Officer Corps in the American Civil War''. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 2015. . * Castel, Albert, with Brooks D. Simpson. ''Victors in Blue: How Union Generals Fought the Confederates, Battled Each Other, and Won the Civil War''. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2011. * Hunt, Roger D. ''Colonels in Blue: Indiana, Kentucky and Tennessee''. Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Company, Inc., 2014. . * Hunt, Roger D. ''Colonels in Blue: Michigan, Ohio and West Virginia''. Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Company, Inc., 2011. . * Hunt, Roger D. ''Colonels in Blue: Union Army Colonels of the Civil War: The Mid–Atlantic States: Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland, Delaware and the District of Columbia''. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing, Ltd., 2003. . * Hunt, Roger D. ''Colonels in Blue: Union Army Colonels of the Civil War: New England''. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing, 2011. . * Hunt, Roger D. ''Colonels in Blue: Union Army Colonels of the Civil War: New York''. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2007. . * Hunt, Roger D. and Jack R. Brown. ''Brevet Brigadier Generals in Blue.'' Gaithersburg, Maryland: Olde Soldier Books, Inc., 1990. . * Kramer, Carl E. ''Civil War Generals of Indiana''. The History Press, 2022. ISBN 9781467151955. * Longacre, Edward G. ''Lincoln's Cavalrymen: A History of the Mounted Forces of the Army of the Potomac''. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 2000. . * McHenry, Robert ed. ''Webster's American Military Biographies'' (1978) * Meyers, Christopher C. ''Union General John A. McClernand and the Politics of Command''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 2010. * Ofele, Martin W. ''German-Speaking Officers in the U.S. Colored Troops, 1863–1867''. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida, 2004. * Ruffner, Kevin Conley. ''Maryland's Blue & Gray: A Border State's Union and Confederate Junior Officer Corps''. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 1997. * Warner, Ezra J., ''Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders''. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 1964. . * Woodworth, Steven E., editor. ''Grant's Lieutenants: From Cairo to Vicksburg''. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2001. * Work, David. ''Lincoln's Political Generals''. Urbanna, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 2009. .

Works on individual leaders

* Alberts, Don E. ''Brandy Station to Manila Bay: A Biography of General

Wesley Merritt Wesley Merritt (June 16, 1836December 3, 1910) was an American major general who served in the cavalry of the United States Army during the American Civil War, American Indian Wars, and Spanish–American War. Following the latter war, he became ...

''. Presidial Press, 1980. . * Ames, Blanche A. ''

Adelbert Ames Adelbert Ames (October 31, 1835 – April 13, 1933) was an American sailor, soldier, and politician who served with distinction as a Union Army general during the American Civil War. A Radical Republican, he was military governor, U.S. Senato ...

: General, Senator, Governor, 1835–1933''. New York: 1964. * Asher, Brad. ''The Most Hated Man in Kentucky: The Lost Cause and the Legacy of Union General Stephen Burbridge''. University Press of Kentucky, 2021. ISBN 9780813181370. * Averell, William Woods. ''Ten Years in the Saddle: The Memoir of William Woods Averell 1851–1862''. Stan Clark Military Books, 1996. . * Barthel, Thomas. ''

Abner Doubleday Abner Doubleday (June 26, 1819 – January 26, 1893) was a career United States Army officer and Union major general in the American Civil War. He fired the first shot in defense of Fort Sumter, the opening battle of the war, and had a pi ...

– A Civil War Biography''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2010. . * Belcher, Dennis W. ''General

David S. Stanley David Sloane Stanley (June 1, 1828 – March 13, 1902) was a Union Army general during the American Civil War. Stanley took part in the Second Battle of Corinth and the Battle of Stones River as a division commander. He was later made a corps co ...

, USA: A Civil War Biography''. McFarland & Company, 2014. . * Bennett, Brian A. ''The Beau Ideal Of A Gentleman: The Life Of Col. Patrick Henry O'Rorke''. Schroeder Publications, 2012. . * Betts, Jr., William W. ''Rank and Gravity: The Life of General John Armstrong of Carlisle''. Holly Springs, North Carolina: Heritage Books, 2011. . * Bundy, Carol. ''The Nature of Sacrifice: A Biography of Charles Russell Lowell Jr., 1835–1864''. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005. * Burgess, Milton V. '' David Gregg: Pennsylvania Cavalryman''. published by author: 1984. * Burnet, Particia B. ''James F. Jaquess: Scholar, Soldier and Private Agent for President Lincoln''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2013. . * Bush, Bryan S. ''The Butcher Burbridge: Union General

Stephen Burbridge Stephen Gano Burbridge (August 19, 1831 – December 2, 1894), also known as "Butcher" Burbridge or the "Butcher of Kentucky", was a controversial Union general during the American Civil War. In June 1864 he was given command over the Commonwealt ...

and His Reign of Terror Over Kentucky''. Acclaim Press, 2008. . * Callaghan, Daniel M. ''

Thomas Francis Meagher Thomas Francis Meagher (; 3 August 18231 July 1867) was an Irish nationalist and leader of the Young Irelanders in the Rebellion of 1848. After being convicted of sedition, he was first sentenced to death, but received transportation for life ...

and the Irish Brigade in the Civil War''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2011. . * Casstevens, Frances H. ''

Edward A. Wild Edward Augustus Wild (November 25, 1825 – August 28, 1891) was an American homeopathy, homeopathic doctor and a Brigadier general (United States), brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Early life and career Wild ...

And the African Brigade in the Civil War''. McFarland & Company, 2003. . * Chaffin, Tom. ''Pathfinder:

John Charles Fremont John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second E ...

and the Course of American Empire''. New York: Hill and Wang, 2002. * Chicoine, Stephen. '' John Basil Turchin and the Fight to Free the Slaves''. Praeger, 2003. . * Clark, Donald A. ''The Notorious "Bull" Nelson: Murdered Civil War General''. Southern Illinois University Press, 2011. * Collins, Robert. ''General James G. Blunt: Tarnished Glory''. Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican Publishing Company, 2005. . * Connor, Robert C. ''General

Gordon Granger Gordon Granger (November 6, 1821 – January 10, 1876) was a career U.S. Army officer and a Union general during the American Civil War, where he distinguished himself at the Battle of Chickamauga. Granger is best remembered for his part in the ...

: The Savior of Chickamauga and the Man Behind "Juneteenth"''. Casemate Press, 2013. . * Cooper, Edward S. ''

William Babcock Hazen William Babcock Hazen (September 27, 1830 – January 16, 1887) was a career United States Army officer who served in the Indian Wars, as a Union general in the American Civil War, and as Chief Signal Officer of the U.S. Army. His most famous serv ...

: The Best Hated Man''. Madison, New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2005. . * Cornish, Dudley Taylor & Virginia Jeans Laas. ''Lincoln's Lee: The Life of

Samuel Phillips Lee Samuel Phillips Lee (February 13, 1812 – June 5, 1897) was an officer of the United States Navy. In the American Civil War, he took part in the New Orleans campaign, before commanding the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, covering the co ...

, United States Navy, 1812–1897.''. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 1986. . * Craig, Reginald S. ''The Fighting Parson: The Biography of Colonel John M. Chivington''. Los Angeles, California: Westernlore, 1959. * Cresap, Bernarr. ''Appomattox Commander: The Story of E. O. C. Ord''. San Diegeo, California: 1981. . * Cutler, Robert W. P. ''The Tin Box: Keepsakes of a Civil War General''. Morris Publishing, 1999. . * Davis, Oliver. ''Life of David Bell Birney, Major General, United States Volunteers''. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: King & Baird, 1867. * de Meissner, Sophie Radford. ''Old Navy Days: Sketches from the Life of Rear-Admiral

William Radford William Radford (September 9, 1809 – January 8, 1890) was a rear admiral of the United States Navy who served during the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War, in which he remained loyal to the Union, despite his Virginia birth. Ra ...

, USN''. New York: Henry Hold and Co., 1920. * Driscoll, John K. ''Rogue: A Biography of Civil War General

Justus McKinstry Justus McKinstry (July 6, 1814 – December 11, 1897) was a United States Army officer who served in the Second Seminole War and with merit in the Mexican–American War and in the Third Seminole War. He was appointed a brigadier general and assi ...

''. McFarland & Company, 2005. . * Ecelbarger, Gary L. ''

Frederick W. Lander Frederick William Lander (December 17, 1821 – March 2, 1862) was a transcontinental United States explorer, general in the Union Army during the American Civil War, and a prolific poet. Birth and early years Lander was born in Salem, Massachu ...

: The Great Natural American Soldier''. Louisiana State University Press, 2001. . * Egan, Timothy. ''The Immortal Irishman: The Irish Revolutionary Who Became an American Hero''. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016. . * Eggleston, Michael A. ''President Lincoln's Recruiter: General

Lorenzo Thomas Lorenzo Thomas (October 26, 1804 – March 2, 1875) was a career United States Army officer who was Adjutant General of the Army at the beginning of the American Civil War. After the war, he was appointed temporary Secretary of War by U.S. ...

and the United States Colored Troops in the Civil War''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2013. . * Engle, Stephen D. ''

Don Carlos Buell Don Carlos Buell (March 23, 1818November 19, 1898) was a United States Army officer who fought in the Seminole War, the Mexican–American War, and the American Civil War. Buell led Union armies in two great Civil War battles— Shiloh and Perr ...

: Most Promising of All''. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 1999. * Engle, Stephen D. ''The Yankee Dutchman: The Life of

Franz Sigel Franz Sigel (November 18, 1824 – August 21, 1902) was a German American military officer, revolutionary and immigrant to the United States who was a teacher, newspaperman, politician, and served as a Union major general in the American Civil W ...

''. Fayetteville, Arkansas: University of Arkansas Press, 1993. . * Fanebust, Wayne. ''Major General Alexander M. McCook, USA: A Civil War Biography''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Company, 2012. . * Finan, William J. ''Major General Alfred Howe Terry: Hero of Fort Fisher''. Hartford, Connecticut: Connecticut Civil War Centennial Commission, 1965. * Flemming, George T. ''Life and Letters of

Alexander Hays Alexander Hays (July 8, 1819 – May 5, 1864) was a Union Army general in the American Civil War, killed in the Battle of the Wilderness. Early life and career Hays was born in Franklin, Pennsylvania, the son of Samuel Hays, a member of Congress ...

''. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: no publisher listed, 1919. * Fordney, Ben Fuller. ''

George Stoneman George Stoneman Jr. (August 8, 1822 – September 5, 1894) was a United States Army cavalry officer and politician who served as the fifteenth Governor of California from 1883 to 1887. He was trained at West Point, where his roommate was Stonewall ...

: A Biography of the Civil War General''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co., 2008. * Gambone, A. M. ''Major-General

Darius Nash Couch Darius Nash Couch (July 23, 1822 – February 12, 1897) was an American soldier, businessman, and naturalist. He served as a career U.S. Army officer during the Mexican–American War, the Second Seminole War, and as a general officer in the U ...

: Enigmatic Valor''. Butternut and Blue, 2000. . * Gambone, A. M. ''Major General John Federick Hartranft: Citizen Soldier and Pennsylvania Statesman (Army of the Potomac)''. Butternut and Blue, 1995. . * Gambone, A. M. ''"... if tomorrow night finds me dead ..." The Life of General

Samuel K. Zook Samuel Kosciuszko Zook (born Samuel Kurtz Zook, March 27, 1821 – July 3, 1863) was a Union general during the American Civil War who was mortally wounded in action at the Battle of Gettysburg. Early years Zook was born in Tredyffrin, Chester ...

''. Butternut and Blue, 1996. . * Gilman, Rhoda R. ''

Henry Hastings Sibley Henry Hastings Sibley (February 20, 1811 – February 18, 1891) was a fur trader with the American Fur Company, the first U.S. Congressional representative for Minnesota Territory, the first governor of the state of Minnesota, and a U.S. mil ...

: Divided Heart''. St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2004. . * Grandchamp, Robert ''Colonel Edward E. Cross, New Hampshire Fighting Fifth: A Civil War Biography''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2013. . * Harding, Jeffrey J. ''Gettysburg’s Lost Love Story: The Ill-Fated Romance of General John Reynolds and Kate Hewitt''. The History Press, 2022. ISBN 9781467151597. * Hearn, Chester G. ''Admiral

David Dixon Porter David Dixon Porter (June 8, 1813 – February 13, 1891) was a United States Navy admiral and a member of one of the most distinguished families in the history of the U.S. Navy. Promoted as the second U.S. Navy officer ever to attain the rank o ...

: The Civil War Years''. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1996. . * Hebert, Walter H. ''Fighting Joe Hooker''. Old Soldier Books, 1987. . * Heyman, Max L. ''Prudent Soldier: A Biography of Major General Edward R. S. Canby''. Glendale, California: Arthur H. Clark, 1959. * Hogge, Jeffrey A. ''

Norton Parker Chipman Norton Parker Chipman (March 7, 1834 – February 1, 1924) was an American Civil War army officer, military prosecutor, politician, author, and judge. Biography Early years Born in Milford Center, Ohio, to Vermont-natives Norman and Sarah Wilson ...

: A Biography of the Andersonville War Crimes Prosecutor''. McFarland & Company, Inc., 2008. . * Humphreys, Henry H. '' Andrew Atkinson Humphreys: A Biography''. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: John C. Winston Co., 1924. . * Hughes, Jr., Nathaniel Cheairs and Gordon D. Whitney. ''

Jefferson Davis Jefferson F. Davis (June 3, 1808December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as the president of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1865. He represented Mississippi in the United States Senate and the House of Representatives as a ...

in Blue: The Life of Sherman's Relentless Warrior''. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 2002. . * Hunt, Aurora. '' Major General

James H. Carleton James Henry Carleton (December 27, 1814 – January 7, 1873) was an officer in the US Army and a Union general during the American Civil War. Carleton is best known as an Indian fighter in the Southwestern United States. Biography Carleton wa ...

, 1814–1873: Western Frontier Dragoon''. Glendale, California: Arthur H. Clark, 1958. * Kastenberg, Joshua E. ''Law in War, War as Law: Brigadier General

Joseph Holt Joseph Holt (January 6, 1807 – August 1, 1894) was an American lawyer, soldier, and politician. As a leading member of the Buchanan administration, he succeeded in convincing Buchanan to oppose the secession of the South. He returned to Ke ...

and the Judge Advocate General's Department in the Civil War and Early Reconstruction, 1861–1865''. Durham, North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press, 2011. . * Kautz, Lawrence G. '' August Valentine Kautz, USA: Biography of a Civil War General''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co., 2008. * Kearny, Thomas. ''General

Philip Kearny Philip Kearny Jr. (; June 1, 1815 – September 1, 1862) was a United States Army officer, notable for his leadership in the Mexican–American War and American Civil War. He was killed in action in the 1862 Battle of Chantilly. Early life and c ...

: Battle Soldier of Five Wars''. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1937. * King, James T. ''War Eagle: A Life of General Eugene A. Carr''. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska press, 1963 * Kiper, Richard L. ''Major General

John Alexander McClernand John Alexander McClernand (May 30, 1812 – September 20, 1900) was an American lawyer and politician, and a Union Army general in the American Civil War. He was a prominent Democratic politician in Illinois and a member of the United States H ...

: Politician in Uniform''. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1999. . * Krumwiede, John F. ''Disgrace at Gettysburg: The Arrest and Court-Martial of Brigadier General Thomas A. Rowley, USA''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2006. . * Ladenhaim, J.C. ''Grant's Keeper: The Life of John A. Rawlins''. Holly Springs, North Carolina: Heritage Books, 2011. . * Lash, Jeffrey N. ''A Politician Turned General: The Civil War Career of Stephen Augustus Hurlbut''. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2003. . * Lavery, Dennis S. & Mark H. Jordan. ''Iron Brigade General:

John Gibbon John Gibbon (April 20, 1827 – February 6, 1896) was a career United States Army officer who fought in the American Civil War and the Indian Wars. Early life Gibbon was born in the Holmesburg section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the fourt ...

, A Rebel in Blue''. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1993. . * Lee, Dan. ''Kentuckian in Blue: A Biography of Major General Lovell Harrison Rousseau''. McFarland & Company, 2010. . * Lee, Dan. ''

Thomas J. Wood Thomas John Wood (September 25, 1823 – February 26, 1906) was a career United States Army officer. He served in the Mexican–American War and as a Union (American Civil War), Union General officer, general during the American Civil War. Duri ...

: A Biography of the Union General in the Civil War''. McFarland & Company, 2012. . * Longacre, Edward G. ''From Union Stars to Top Hat: A Biography of the Extraordinary

James Harrison Wilson James Harrison Wilson (September 2, 1837 – February 23, 1925) was a United States Army topographic engineer and a Union Army Major General in the American Civil War. He served as an aide to Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan during the Maryland Cam ...

''. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole, 1972. * Longacre, Edward G. ''The Man Behind the Guns: A Biography of General Henry J. Hunt, Commander of Artillery, Army of the Potomac''. New York: A. S. Barnes and Co., Inc., 1977. . * Longacre, Edward G. ''Unsung Hero of Gettysburg: The Story of Union General David McMurtrie Gregg''. Potomac Books, 2021. ISBN 978-1-64012-429-5. * Lull, Robert W. ''Civil War General and Indian Fighter James M. Williams: Leader of the 1st Kansas Colored Volunteer Infantry and the 8th U.S. Cavalry''. University of North Texas Press, 2013. * Lyftogt, Kenneth L. ''Iowa's Forgotten General: Matthew Mark Trumbull and the Civil War''. University of Iowa Press, 2007. * Lyons, W. F. ''Brigadier–General

''. New York: D. and J. Sadlier, 1870. * Madsen, Brigham. ''Glory Hunter: A Biography of

Patrick Edward Connor Patrick Edward Connor (March 17, 1820Rodgers, 1938, p. 1 – December 17, 1891) was an American soldier who served as a Union general during the American Civil War. He is most notorious for his massacres against Native Americans during the ...

''. Provo, Utah: University of Utah Press, 1990. . * Mahood, Wayne. '' Alexander "Fighting Elleck" Hays: The Life of a Civil War General, From West Point to the Wilderness''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2011. . * Maharay, George S. ''Vermont Hero: Major General George J. Stannard''. Ragged Edge Press, 2001. . * Marcot, Roy M. ''Civil War Sharpshooter:

Hiram Berdan Hiram Berdan (September 6, 1824 – March 31, 1893) was an American engineer, inventor, military officer, marksman, and guiding force behind and commanding colonel of the United States Volunteer Sharpshooter Regiments during the American Civil W ...

, Military Commander and Firearms Inventor''. Irvine, California: Northwood Heritage Press, 1989. * Martin, Jay C. ''General

Henry Baxter Henry Baxter (September 8, 1821 – December 30, 1873) was a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. At the Battle of Gettysburg, his brigade resisted a Confederate assault from parts of Maj. Gen. Robert E. Rodes's division, sl ...

, 7th Michigan Volunteer Infantry: A Biography''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 2015. . * Martin, Samuel J. ''Kill–Cavalry: The Life of Union General

Hugh Judson Kilpatrick Hugh Judson Kilpatrick (January 14, 1836 – December 4, 1881) was an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War, achieving the rank of brevet major general. He was later the United States Minister to Chile and an unsuccessful candi ...

''. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 2000. * Marvel, William. '' Burnside''. The University of North Carolina Press, 1991. . * Mason, Jack C. ''Until Antietam: The Life and Letters of Major General

Israel B. Richardson Israel Bush Richardson (December 26, 1815 – November 3, 1862) was a United States Army officer during the Mexican–American War and American Civil War, where he was a major general in the Union Army. Nicknamed "Fighting Dick" for his prowess on ...

, U.S. Army''. Southern Illinois University Press, 2009. . * Maull, D.W. ''The Life and Military Services of the Late Brigadier General Thomas A. Smyth''. Wilmington, Delaware: H. & E. F. James, 1870. * McConnell, William. ''Remember Reno: A Biography of Major General

Jesse Lee Reno Jesse Lee Reno (April 20, 1823 – September 14, 1862) was a career United States Army officer who served in the Mexican–American War, in the Utah War, on the western frontier and as a Union General during the American Civil War from West Virg ...

''. Shippensburg, Pennsylvania: White Mane Publishing, 1996. . * McGaugh, Scott. ''Surgeon in Blue:

Jonathan Letterman Major Jonathan Letterman (December 11, 1824 – March 15, 1872) was an American surgeon credited as being the originator of the modern methods for medical organization in armies or battlefield medical management. In the United States, Letterman i ...

, The Civil War Doctor Who Pioneered Battlefield Care''. New York: Arcade Publishing, 2013. . * Mesch, Allen H. ''Teacher of Civil War Generals: Major General

Charles Ferguson Smith Charles Ferguson Smith (April 24, 1807 – April 25, 1862) was a career United States Army officer who served in the Mexican–American War and as a Union General in the American Civil War. Early life and career Charles Ferguson Smith was born ...

''. McFarland & Company, 2015. . * Meyers, Christopher C. ''Union General

John A. McClernand John Alexander McClernand (May 30, 1812 – September 20, 1900) was an American lawyer and politician, and a Union Army general in the American Civil War. He was a prominent Democratic politician in Illinois and a member of the United States H ...

and the Politics of Command''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 2010. * Miller, David W. ''Second Only to Grant: Quartermaster General

Montgomery C. Meigs Montgomery Cunningham Meigs (; May 3, 1816 – January 2, 1892) was a career United States Army officer and civil engineer, who served as Quartermaster General of the U.S. Army during and after the American Civil War. Meigs strongly opposed sece ...

''. Shippensburg, Pennsylvania: White Mane, 2000. * Miller, Jr., Edward A. ''Lincoln's Abolitionist General: The Biography of

David Hunter David Hunter (July 21, 1802 – February 2, 1886) was an American military officer. He served as a Union general during the American Civil War. He achieved notability for his unauthorized 1862 order (immediately rescinded) emancipating slaves ...

''. Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 1997. . * Moneyhon, Carl H. '' Edmund J. Davis of Texas: Civil War General, Republican Leader, Reconstruction Governor''. Fort Worth Texas: Texas Christian University Press, 2010. * Morgan, Jack. ''Through American And Irish Wars: The Life And Times Of Thomas W. Sweeney 1820–1892''. Irish Academic Press, 2006. . * Morgans, James P. ''

Grenville Mellen Dodge Grenville Mellen Dodge (April 12, 1831 – January 3, 1916) was a Union Army officer on the frontier and a pioneering figure in military intelligence during the Civil War, who served as Ulysses S. Grant's intelligence chief in the Western The ...

in the Civil War: Union Spymaster, Railroad Builder, and Organizer of the Fourth Iowa Volunteer Infantry''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 2016. . * Nash, May Eleanor. ''Colonel

James A. Mulligan James Adelbert Mulligan (June 30, 1830 – July 26, 1864) was colonel of the 23rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. On February 20, 1865, the United States Senate confirmed the posthumous app ...

, Chicago's Hero of the Civil War''. St. Louis, Missouri: Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of St. Louis University, 1929. * Nevins, James H. and William B. Styple. ''What Death More Glorious: A Biography of General

Strong Vincent Strong Vincent (June 17, 1837 – July 7, 1863) was a lawyer who became famous as a U.S. Army officer during the American Civil War. He was mortally wounded while leading his brigade during the fighting at Little Round Top on the second day of ...

''. Kearny, New Jersey: Belle Grove Publishing Co., 1997. * Nichols, Edward J. ''Toward Gettysburg: A Biography of General John F. Reynolds''. University Park Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1958. * Norris, L. David, James C. Milligan, and Odie B. Faulk. ''

William H. Emory William Hemsley Emory (September 7, 1811 – December 1, 1887) was a prominent American surveyor and civil engineer in the 19th century. As an officer in the U.S. Army Corps of Topographical Engineers he specialized in mapping the United State ...

: Soldier–Scientist''. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press, 1998. * Noyalas, Jonathan A. ''"My Will Is Absolute Law": A Biography of Union General Robert H. Milroy''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2006. . * O'Harrow, Jr., Robert. ''The Quartermaster:

, Lincoln's General, Master Builder of the Union Army''. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2016. . * Olson, Gordon L. ''The Notorious Isaac Earl and His Scouts: Union Soldiers, Prisoners, Spies''. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2014. . * Palmer, George Thomas and Lloyd Lewis. ''A Conscientious Turncoat: The Story of John M. Palmer 1817–1900''. Yale University Pre3ss, 1900. * Parker, Arthur C. ''The Life of General

Ely S. Parker Ely Samuel Parker (1828 – August 31, 1895), born ''Hasanoanda'' ( Tonawanda Seneca), later known as ''Donehogawa'', was a U.S. Army officer, engineer, and tribal diplomat. He was bilingual, speaking both Seneca and English, and became friend ...

: Last Grand Sachem of the Iroquois and General Grant's Military Secretary''. Buffalo, New York: Buffalo Historical Society, 1919. . * Phillips, Christopher. ''Damned Yankee: The Life of General

Nathaniel Lyon Nathaniel Lyon (July 14, 1818 – August 10, 1861) was the first Union general to be killed in the American Civil War. He is noted for his actions in Missouri in 1861, at the beginning of the conflict, to forestall secret secessionist plans of th ...

''. University of Missouri Press, 1990. . * Pula, James S. ''For Liberty and Justice: A Biography of Brigadier General Wlodzimierz B. Krzyzanowski, 1824–1887''. Syracuse University Press, 2009. . * Quatman, G. William. ''Young General and the Fall of Richmond: The Life and Career of

Godfrey Weitzel Godfrey (Gottfried) Weitzel (November 1, 1835 – March 19, 1884) was a German-American major general in the Union army during the American Civil War. He was the acting Mayor of New Orleans during the Union occupation of the city and also captured ...

''. Ohio University Press, 2015. . * Ross, Sam. ''The Empty Sleeve: A Biography of

Lucius Fairchild Lucius Fairchild (December 27, 1831May 23, 1896) was an Americans, American politician, soldier, and diplomat. He served as the List of Governors of Wisconsin, tenth Governor of Wisconsin and represented the United States as List of ambassadors o ...

''. Madison, Wisconsin: The State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1964. LCCN 64-63013. * Sauers, Richard A. ''

William Francis Bartlett William Francis Bartlett (June 6, 1840 – December 17, 1876) was a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War and, later, an executive in the iron industry. Bartlett enlisted as a private to serve in the Civil War, leaving in the ...

: Biography of a Union General in the Civil War''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland Publishers, 2009. * Schlicke, Carl P. ''General

George Wright George Wright may refer to: Politics, law and government * George Wright (MP) (died 1557), MP for Bedford and Wallingford * George Wright (governor) (1779–1842), Canadian politician, lieutenant governor of Prince Edward Island * George Wright ...

: Guardian of the Pacific Coast, 1803–1865''. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1998. * Schmiel, Eugene D. ''Citizen-General:

Jacob Dolson Cox Jacob Dolson Cox, Jr. (October 27, 1828August 4, 1900), was a statesman, lawyer, Union Army general during the American Civil War, Republican politician from Ohio, Liberal Republican Party founder, educator, author, and recognized microbiologist ...

and the Civil War Era''. Ohio University Press, 2014. . * Scott, Robert G. ''Forgotten Valor: The Memoirs, Journals, & Civil War Letters of

Orlando B. Willcox Orlando Bolivar Willcox (April 16, 1823 – May 11, 1907) was an American soldier who served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Early life Willcox was born in Detroit, Michigan. He entered the United States Military Ac ...

''. Kent State University Press, 1999. * Shea, William L. ''Union General: Samuel Ryan Curtis and Victory in the West''. Potomac Books, 2023. ISBN 978-1-64012-518-6. * Smith, Ronald D. '' Thomas Ewing, Jr.: Frontier Lawyer and Civil War General''. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 2008. * Snell, Mark A. ''From First to Last: The Life of Major General William B. Franklin''. New York: Fordham University Press, 2002. . * Stevens, Hazard. ''The Life of

Isaac Ingalls Stevens Isaac Ingalls Stevens (March 25, 1818 – September 1, 1862) was an American military officer and politician who served as governor of the Territory of Washington from 1853 to 1857, and later as its delegate to the United States House of Represen ...

'', two volumes. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin & Co., 1900. * Sully, Langdon. ''No Tears for the General: The Life of

Alfred Sully Alfred Sully (May 22, 1820 – April 27, 1879), was a military officer during the American Civil War and during the Indian Wars on the frontier. He was also a noted painter. Biography Sully was the son of the portrait painter, Thomas Sully, of ...

, 1821–1879''. Palo Alto, California: American West Publishing Co., 1974. . * Taylor, Paul. ''

Orlando M. Poe Orlando Metcalfe Poe (March 7, 1832 – October 2, 1895) was a United States Army officer and engineer in the American Civil War. After helping General William Tecumseh Sherman's March to the Sea, he was responsible for much of the early lig ...

: Civil War General and Great Lakes Engineer''. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2009. * Thompson, Jerry D. ''Civil War to the Bloody End: The Life and Times of Major General

Samuel P. Heintzelman Samuel Peter Heintzelman (September 30, 1805 – May 1, 1880) was a United States Army general. He served in the Seminole War, the Mexican–American War, the Yuma War and the Cortina Troubles. During the American Civil War he was a prominent figu ...

''. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press, 2006. * Thompson, Jerry D. ''Desert Tiger: Captain Paddy Graydon and the Civil War in the Far Southwest''. El Paso, Texas: Texas Western Press, 1992. * Thompson, Jerry D. and Thomas Smith. ''The Reminiscences of Major General Zenas R. Bliss, 1854–1876: From the Texas Frontier to the Civil War and Back Again''. Texas State Historical Association, 2008. . * Townsend, May Bobbitt. ''Yankee Warhorse: A Biography of Major General Peter Osterhaus''. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 2010. . * Townsend, George Alfred. ''Major General

Alfred Thomas Archimedes Torbert Alfred Thomas Archimedes Torbert (July 1, 1833 – August 29, 1880) was a career United States Army officer, a Union Army General officer, General commanding both infantry and cavalry forces in the American Civil War, and a U.S. diplomat. Ea ...

: Delaware's most famous Civil War hero''. Heritage Books, 1993. . * Trefousse, Hans Louis. ''

Carl Schurz Carl Schurz (; March 2, 1829 – May 14, 1906) was a German revolutionary and an American statesman, journalist, and reformer. He immigrated to the United States after the German revolutions of 1848–1849 and became a prominent member of the new ...

: A Biography''. Fordham University Press, 1998. * Varley, James F. ''Brigham and the Brigadier: General Patrick Connor and His California Volunteers in Utah and along the Overland Trail''. Tucson, Arizona: Westernlore Press, 1989. * Wallace, Isabel. ''Life of General

W. H. L. Wallace William Hervey Lamme Wallace (July 8, 1821 – April 10, 1862), more commonly known as W.H.L. Wallace, was a lawyer and a Union general in the American Civil War, considered by Ulysses S. Grant to be one of the Union's greatest generals. Early ...

''. Chicago, Illinois: R. R. Donnelley and Sons, 1909. * Ward, James A. ''That Man Haupt: A Biography of

Herman Haupt Herman Haupt (March 26, 1817 – December 14, 1905) was an American civil engineer and railroad construction engineer and executive. As a Union Army During the American Civil War, the Union Army, also known as the Federal Army and the Nort ...

''. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 1973. * Weddle, Kevin J. ''Lincoln's Tragic Admiral: The Life of

Samuel Francis Du Pont Samuel Francis Du Pont (September 27, 1803 – June 23, 1865) was a rear admiral in the United States Navy, and a member of the prominent Du Pont family. In the Mexican–American War, Du Pont captured San Diego, and was made commander of the Ca ...

.'' Charlottesville, Virginia: University of Virginia Press, 2005. * Welch, Richard F. ''The Boy General: The Life and Careers of Francis Channing Barlow''. Cranbury, New Jersey: Associated University Press, 2003. * Welles, Gideon and Spencer, J. Ronald (Editor). ''A Connecticut Yankee in Lincoln's Cabinet: Navy Secretary

Gideon Welles Gideon Welles (July 1, 1802 – February 11, 1878), nicknamed "Father Neptune", was the United States Secretary of the Navy from 1861 to 1869, a cabinet post he was awarded after supporting Abraham Lincoln in the 1860 election. Although opposed ...

Chronicles the Civil War''. Acorn, 2014. . * Werstein, Irving. ''Kearny the Magnificent: The Story of General

1815–1862''. New York: John Day, 1962. LCCN 62-10957. * West, Richard S. ''The Second Admiral: A Life of

''. New York: Coward–McCann, 1937. * Whaley, Elizabeth J. ''Forgotten Hero: General

James B. McPherson James Birdseye McPherson (November 14, 1828 – July 22, 1864) was a career United States Army officer who served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. McPherson was on the General's staff of Henry Halleck and late ...

: The Biography of a Civil War General''. New York, NY: Exposition Press, 1955. LCCN 54-11323. * Willcox, Orlando Bolivar and Scott, Robert G (Editor). ''Forgotten Valor: The Memoirs, Journals, & Civil War Letters of

''. Kent State University Press, 1999. . * Williams, Alpheus S. ''From the Cannon's Mouth: The Civil War Letters of General

Alpheus S. Williams Alpheus Starkey Williams (September 20, 1810 – December 21, 1878) was a lawyer, judge, journalist, U.S. Congressman, and a Union Army, Union general in the American Civil War. Early life Williams was born in Deep River, Connecticut. He gradua ...

''. Wayne State University Press, 1959. * Wilson, James Harrison. ''The Life and Services of Brevet Brigadier General Andrew Jonathan Alexander, United States Army''. New York: no publisher listed, 1887. * Wilson, James Harrison. ''The Life of John A. Rawlins''. New York: The Neale Publishing Company, 1916. * Wilson, James Harrison. ''Life and Services of

William Farrar Smith William Farrar Smith (February 17, 1824February 28, 1903), known as "Baldy" Smith, was a Union general in the American Civil War, notable for attracting the extremes of glory and blame. He was praised for his gallantry in the Seven Days Battles a ...

, Major General United States Volunteers in the Civil War''. Wilmington, Delaware: John M. Rogers Press, 1904. * Winslow, III., Richard Elliott. ''General John Sedwick: The Story of a Union Corps Commander''. Novato, California: Presidio Press, 1982. * Wylie, Paul R. ''The Irish General:

''. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma press, 2011. . * Young, Kenneth Ray. ''The General's General: The Life and Times of

Arthur MacArthur Arthur MacArthur is the name of: *Arthur MacArthur Sr. (1815–1896), lieutenant governor of Wisconsin and acting governor for four days; United States federal judge *Arthur MacArthur Jr. (1845–1912), his son, general in the United States Army an ...

''. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1994. . * Zobell, Albert L. Jr. ''Sentinel in the East: A Biography of Thomas L. Kane''. Salt Lake City, UT: Utah Printing Company, 1965.

Nathaniel Prentiss Banks Nathaniel Prentice (or Prentiss) Banks (January 30, 1816 – September 1, 1894) was an American politician from Massachusetts and a Union general during the Civil War. A millworker by background, Banks was prominent in local debating societies, ...

* Harrington, Fred Harvey. ''Fighting Politician, Major General N. P. Banks''. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1948. . * Hollandsworth, Jr., James G. ''Pretense of Glory: The Life of General Nathaniel P. Banks''. Louisiana State University Press, 1998. .

John Buford John Buford, Jr. (March 4, 1826 – December 16, 1863) was a United States Army cavalry officer. He fought for the Union as a brigadier general during the American Civil War. Buford is best known for having played a major role in the first day o ...

* Longacre, Edward G. ''General John Buford: A Military Biography''. Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: Combined Books, 1995. . * Phipps, Michael and John S. Peterson. ''The Devil's to Pay: Gen. John Buford, USA''. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania: Farnsworth, Military Impressions, 1995.

Benjamin F. Butler

* Hearn, Chester G. ''When the devil came down to Dixie: Ben Butler in New Orleans''. Louisiana State University Press, 1997. . * Holzman, Robert S. ''Stormy Ben Butler''. New York: Macmillan, 1954. * Nash, Jr., Howard P. ''Stormy Petrel: The Life and Times of General Benjamin F. Butler, 1818–1893''. Rutherford, New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1969. * Nolan, Dick. ''Benjamin Franklin Butler: The Damnedest Yankee''. Novato, California: Presidio Press. * Trefousse, Hans Louis. ''Ben Butler: The South Called Him Beast!''. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1957. * Werlich, Robert. ''"Beast" Butler: The Incredible Career of Major General Benjamin Butler''. Quaker Press, 1962. * West, Richard S. Jr. ''Lincoln's Scapegoat General: The Life of Benjamin F. Butler, 1818–1893''. Houghton Mifflin, 1965.

Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain (born Lawrence Joshua Chamberlain, September 8, 1828February 24, 1914) was an American college professor from Maine who volunteered during the American Civil War to join the Union Army. He became a highly respected a ...

* Chamberlain, Joshua Lawrence. ''Bayonet! Forward: My Civil War Reminiscences''. Stan Clark Military Books, 2003. . * Golay, Michael. ''To Gettysburg and Beyond: The Parallel Lives of Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain and Edward Porter Alexander''. New York: Crown Publishers, 1995. * Longacre, Edward G. ''Joshua Chamberlain: The Soldier and the Man''. Combined Publishing, 1999. . * Pullen, John J. ''Joshua Chamberlain: A Hero's Life and Legacy''. Stackpole Books, 1999. . * Trulock, Alice Rains. ''In the Hands of Providence: Joshua L. Chamberlain and the American Civil War''. The University of North Carolina Press, 1992. . * Wallace, Willard M. ''Soul of the Lion: A Biography of General Joshua L. Chamberlain''. Butternut & Blue, 1991. .

William B. Cushing William Barker Cushing (4 November 184217 December 1874) was an officer in the United States Navy, best known for sinking the during a daring nighttime raid on 27 October 1864, for which he received the Thanks of Congress. Cushing was the youn ...

* Brown, Kent Masterson. ''Cushing of Gettysburg: The Story of a Union Artillery Commander''. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, 1993. ISBN 9780813109534. * Edwards, E. M. H. ''Commander William Barker Cushing of the United States Navy''. New York: F. Tennyson Neely, 1898. * Malanowski, Jamie. ''Commander Will Cushing: Daredevil Hero of the Civil War''. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2014. . * Roske, Raplh and Charles Van Doren. ''Lincoln's Commando: The Biography of Commander William. B. Cushing, USN''. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1957. .

George Armstrong Custer George Armstrong Custer (December 5, 1839 – June 25, 1876) was a United States Army officer and cavalry commander in the American Civil War and the American Indian Wars. Custer graduated from West Point in 1861 at the bottom of his class, b ...

* Barnett, Louise. ''Touched by Fire: The Life, Death, and Mythic Afterlife of George Armstrong Custer''. Henry Holt & Co, 1996. . * Monaghan, Jay. ''Custer: The Life of George Armstrong Custer''. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1959. * Philbrick, Nathaniel. ''The Last Stand: Custer, Sitting Bull, and the Battle of the Little Big Horn''. Viking Adult, 2010. . * Urwin, Gregory J. W. ''Custer Victorious: The Civil War Battles of General George Armstrong Custer''. East Brunswick, New Jersey: Associated University Presses, 1983. * Wert, Jeffry D. ''Custer: The Controversial Life of George Armstrong Custer''. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996. * Whittaker, Frederick. ''A Complete Life of General George A. Custer''. New York: Sheldon, 1876.

Grenville M. Dodge

* Hirshon, Stanley P. ''Greenville M. Dodge: Soldier, Politician, Railroad Pioneer''. Bloomington, Indiana: 1967. * Perkins, J. R. ''Trails, Rails and War: The Life of General G. M. Dodge''. Indianapolis, Indiana: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1929. .

David Glasgow Farragut David Glasgow Farragut (; also spelled Glascoe; July 5, 1801 – August 14, 1870) was a flag officer of the United States Navy during the American Civil War. He was the first rear admiral, vice admiral, and admiral in the United States Navy. Fa ...

* Duffy, James P. ''Lincoln's Admiral: The Civil War Campaigns of David Farragut''. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997. . * Farragut, Loyall. ''The Life of David Glasgow Farragut, First Admiral of the United States Navy, Embodying His Journals and Letters''. New York: D. Appleton, 1879. * Hearn, Chester G. ''Admiral David Glasgow Farragut: The Civil War Years''. US Naval Institute Press, 1997. . * Lewis, Charles Lee. ''David Glasgow Farragut Admiral in the Making''. Naval Institute Press, 1941. * Martin, Christopher. ''Damn the torpedoes!: The story of America's first admiral: David Glasgow Farragut''. Abelard-Schuman, 1970. * Schneller, Jr., Robert J. ''Farragut: America's First Admiral''. Washington, D.C.: Brassey's Inc., 2002. .

Andrew Hull Foote Andrew Hull Foote (September 12, 1806 – June 26, 1863) was an American naval officer who was noted for his service in the American Civil War and also for his contributions to several naval reforms in the years prior to the war. When the war cam ...

* Hoppin, J. ''Life of Andrew Hull Foote, Rear–Admiral, United States Navy''. New York: Harper and Brothers, Publishers, 1874. *

Tucker, Spencer C. Spencer C. Tucker is a Fulbright scholar, retired university professor, and author of works on military history. He taught history at Texas Christian University for 30 years and held the John Biggs Chair of Military History at the Virginia Milit ...

''Andrew Foote: Civil War Admiral on Western Waters''. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2000. .

Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant ; April 27, 1822July 23, 1885) was an American military officer and politician who served as the 18th president of the United States from 1869 to 1877. As Commanding General, he led the Union Ar ...

* Ballard, Michael B. ''U.S. Grant: The Making of a General, 1861–1863''. Rowman & Littlefield, Publishers, 2005. . * Bedeau, Adam. ''Military History of Ulysseus S. Grant, from April, 1861, to April, 1865''. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1881. * Bonekemper III, Edward H. ''A Victor, Not a Butcher: Ulysses S. Grant's Overlooked Military Genius''. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, 2004. * Brands, H.W. ''The Man Who Saved the Union: Ulysses S. Grant in War and Peace''. New York: Doubleday, 2012. * Bunting III, Josiah. ''Ulysses S. Grant''. New York: Times Books, 2004. * Bunting III, Josiah. ''Ulysses S. Grant'' (2004) . * Catton, Bruce. ''Grant Moves South''. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1960. . * Catton, Bruce. ''Grant Takes Command''. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1968. . * Catton, Bruce. ''U. S. Grant and the American Military Tradition'' (1954) * Chernow, Ron. ''Grant.'' Penguin Press, 2017. * Conger, A. L. ''The Rise of U.S. Grant''. New York: Century Press, 1931. * Davis, William C. ''Crucible of Command: Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee - The War They Fought, The Peace They Forged''. Boston, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press, 2014. . * Ellington, Charles B. ''The Trial of U.S. Grant: The Pacific Coast Years, 1852–1854''. Glendale, California: Arthur H. Clark, 1986. * Farina, William. ''Ulysses S. Grant, 1861–1864: His Rise from Obscurity to Military Greatness''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2007. . * Flood, Charles Bracelen. ''Grant and Sherman: The Friendship That Won the Civil War''. New York: Farrar, Staus and Giroux, 2005. * Fuller, Maj. Gen. J. F. C., ''Grant and Lee, A Study in Personality and Generalship'', Indiana University Press, 1957. * Headley, P.C. ''The Life and Campaigns of Lieut.-Gen. U.S. Grant''. New York: Derby and Miller, 1866. * Kelsey, Marie Ellen, compiler. ''Ulysses S. Grant: A Bibliography''. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 2005. * King, Charles. ''The True Ulysses S. Grant''. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: J.B. Lippincott, 1914. * Korda, Michael. ''Ulysses S. Grant''. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 2004. * Lewis, Lloyd. ''Captain Sam Grant''. Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1950. . * Longacre, Edward G. ''General Ulysses S. Grant: The Soldier and the Man''. New York: Da Capo Press, 2006. * McFeely, William S. ''Grant: A Biography''. New York: W.W. Norton, 1981. * Murphy, Brian J. ''Ulysses S. Grant''. Dulles, Virginia: Brassey's Publishing, 2004. * Richardson, Albert D. ''A Personal History of Ulysses S. Grant''. Hartford, Connecticut: American Publishing, 1868. * Perret, Geoffrey. ''Ulysses S. Grant: Soldier & President''. New York: Random House, 1998. * Sarna, Jonathan D. ''When General GrantExpelled the Jews''. New York: Schocken Books, 2012. * Simpson, Brooks D. ''Ulysses S. Grant: Triumph over Adversity, 1822–1865''. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2000. * Smith, Jean Edward. ''Grant''. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. . * Waugh, Joan. ''U.S. Grant: American Hero, American Myth''. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 2010. * Woodward, W.E. ''Meet General Grant''. New York: Literary Guild of America, 1928.

Henry W. Halleck Henry Wager Halleck (January 16, 1815 – January 9, 1872) was a senior United States Army officer, scholar, and lawyer. A noted expert in military studies, he was known by a nickname that became derogatory: "Old Brains". He was an important par ...

* Ambrose, Stephen. ''Halleck: Lincoln's Chief of Staff''. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1999. . Originally published 1962. * Anders, Curt. ''Henry Halleck's War: A Fresh Look at Lincoln's Controversial General–in–chief''. Carmel, Indiana: Guild Press of Indiana, 1999. * Marszalek, John F. ''Commander of All Lincoln's Armies: A Life of General Henry W. Halleck.'' Harvard University Press, 2004.

Winfield Scott Hancock Winfield Scott Hancock (February 14, 1824 – February 9, 1886) was a United States Army officer and the Democratic nominee for President of the United States in 1880. He served with distinction in the Army for four decades, including service ...

* Jordan, David M. ''Winfield Scott Hancock: A Soldier's Life''. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1988. * Tucker, Glenn. ''Hancock the Superb''. New York: Bobbs–Merrill Company, 1960. * Walker, Francis A. ''General Hancock''. New York: D. Appleton, 1894.

William S. Harney

* Adams, George R. ''General William S. Harney: Prince of Dragoons''. University of Nebraska Press, 2001. . * Archer, Jules. ''Indian Foe, Indian Friend: The Story of William S. Harney''. Crowell Collier, 1970.

Oliver O. Howard

* Carpenter, John A. ''Sword and Olive Branch: Oliver Otis Howard''. Fordham University Press, 1999. . * McFeely, William S. ''Yankee Stepfather: General O.O. Howard and the Freedmen''. Yale University Press, 1968. * Weland, Gerald. ''O.O. Howard, Union General''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company Inc, 1995. . * Weil, Gordon L. ''The Good Man: The Civil War's "Christian General" and His Fight for Racial Equality''. Arthur McAllister Publishers, 2013. .

John A. Logan John Alexander Logan (February 9, 1826 – December 26, 1886) was an American soldier and politician. He served in the Mexican–American War and was a general in the Union Army in the American Civil War. He served the state of Illinois as a st ...

* Dawson, George Francis. ''Life and Services of General John A. Logan as Soldier and Statesman''. Washington, D.C.: The National Tribune, 1884. * Jones, James Pickett. ''Black Jack: John A. Logan and Southern Illinois in the Civil War Era''. Southern Illinois University Press, 1995. .

Ranald S. Mackenzie Ranald Slidell Mackenzie, also called Bad Hand, (July 27, 1840 – January 19, 1889) was a career United States Army officer and general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was described by General Ulysses S. Grant as its ...

* Pierce, Michael Dale. ''The Most Promising Young Officer: A Life of Ranald Slidell MacKenzie''. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1993. * Robinson, Charles M. ''Bad Hand: A Biography of General Ranald S. Mackenzie''. Austin, Texas: State House Press, 1993. .

George B. McClellan George Brinton McClellan (December 3, 1826 – October 29, 1885) was an American soldier, Civil War Union general, civil engineer, railroad executive, and politician who served as the 24th governor of New Jersey. A graduate of West Point, McCl ...

* Bonekemper, III, Edward H. ''McClellan and Failure: A Study of Civil War Fear, Incompetence and Worse''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2010. . * Hassler, Jr., Warren W. ''General George B. McClellan: Shield of the Union''. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 1957. * Macartney, Clarence E. ''Little Mac: The Life of George B. McClellan''. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Dorrance, 1940. * Myers, William Starr. ''General George B. McClellan: A Study in Personality''. New York: D. Appleton–Century, 1934. * Rafuse, Ethan S. ''McClellan's War: The Failure of Moderation in the Struggle for the Union.'' Indiana University Press, 2005. * Sears, Stephen W. ''George B. McClellan: The Young Napoleon''. Ticknor & Fields, 1988. .

George G. Meade George Gordon Meade (December 31, 1815 – November 6, 1872) was a United States Army officer and civil engineer best known for decisively defeating Confederate General Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War. H ...

* Cleaves, Freeman. ''Meade of Gettysburg''. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1960. * Huntington, Tom. ''Searching for George Gordon Meade: The Forgotten Victory of Gettysburg''. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2013. . * Meade, Richard Bache. ''Life of George Gordon Meade Commander of the Army of the Potomac''. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Henry T. Coates & Co., 1897. * Pennypacker, Isaac R. ''General Meade''. New York: D. Appleton, 1901. * Rafuse, Ethan S. ''George Gordon Meade and the War in the East''. Abilene, Texas: McWhitney Foundation Press, 2003. * Sauers, Richard A. ''Meade: Victor of Gettysburg''. Potomac Books, 2004. .

Nelson A. Miles Nelson Appleton Miles (August 8, 1839 – May 15, 1925) was an American military general who served in the American Civil War, the American Indian Wars, and the Spanish–American War. From 1895 to 1903, Miles served as the last Commanding Gen ...

* Amchan, Arthur J. ''Most Famous Soldier in America: A Biography of Lt Gen Nelson a Miles 1839–1925''. Amchan Pubns, 1990. . * Demontravel, Peter R. ''A Hero to His Fighting Men: Nelson A. Miles, 1839–1925''. Kent State Univ Press, 1998. . * Johnson, Virginia Weisel. ''The Unregimented General: A Biography of Nelson A. Miles''. Houghton Mifflin, 1962. . * Miles, Nelson A and Brian C. Pohanka. ''Nelson A. Miles: A Documentary Biography of His Military Career, 1861–1903''. Arthur H Clark, 1986. . * Wooster, Robert. ''Nelson A. Miles and the Twilight of the Frontier Army''. University of Nebraska Press, 1993. .

John Pope

* Cozzens, Peter. ''General John Pope: A Life for the Nation''. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 2000. . * Pope, John; Peter Cozzens (Editor) and Robert I. Girardi (Editor). ''The Military Memoirs of General John Pope''. The University of North Carolina Press, 1998. . * Schutz, Wallace J. and Walter N. Trenerry. ''Abandoned by Lincoln: A Military Biography of John Pope''. Chicago, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1990.

Fitz–John Porter

* Anders, Curt. ''Injustice on Trial: Second Bull Run, General Fitz John Porter's Court-Martial, and the Schofield Board Investigation That Restored His Good Name''. Zionsville, Indiana: Guild Press Emmis Publishing, 2002. . * Jermann, Donald R. ''Fitz–John Porter, Scrapegoat of Second Manassas''.

William Starke Rosecrans William Starke Rosecrans (September 6, 1819March 11, 1898) was an American inventor, coal-oil company executive, diplomat, politician, and U.S. Army officer. He gained fame for his role as a Union general during the American Civil War. He was t ...

* Lamers, William M. ''The Edge of Glory: A Biography of William S. Rosecrans, U.S.A.'' Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1955. . * Moore, David. ''William S. Rosecrans and the Union Victory: A Civil War Biography''. McFarland & Company, Inc., 2014. . * Mulhane, L.W. ''Major General William Stark Rosecrans: Hero of Iuka, Corinth and Stone River, and Father of the Army of the Cumberland''. no publisher listed, 1908.

John M. Schofield

* Connelly, Donald B. ''John M. Schofield and the Politics of Generalship''. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 2006 * McDonough, James Lee. ''Schofield: Union General in the Civil War and Reconstruction''. Tallahassee, Florida: Florida State University Press, 1972. * Schofield, John McAllister. ''Forty-Six Years in The Army''. The Century Co., 1897.

Winfield Scott Winfield Scott (June 13, 1786May 29, 1866) was an American military commander and political candidate. He served as a general in the United States Army from 1814 to 1861, taking part in the War of 1812, the Mexican–American War, the early s ...

* Eisenhower, John S. D. ''Agent of Destiny: The Life and Times of General Winfield Scott''. New York: Free Press, 1997. . * Elliott, Charles W. ''Winfield Scott, the Soldier and the Man''. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1937. * Johnson, Timothy D. ''Winfield Scott: The Quest for Military Glory''. University Press of Kansas, 1998. * Peskin, Allan. ''Winfield Scott and the Profession of Arms''. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2004. * Smith, Arthur Douglas Howden. ''Old Fuss and Feathers: The Life and Exploits of Lieutenant General Winfield Scott''. 2012.

Philip H. Sheridan Philip, also Phillip, is a male given name, derived from the Greek (''Philippos'', lit. "horse-loving" or "fond of horses"), from a compound of (''philos'', "dear", "loved", "loving") and (''hippos'', "horse"). Prominent Philips who popularize ...

* Drake, William F. ''Little Phil: The Story of General Philip Henry Sheridan''. Prospect, Connecticut: Biographical Press, 2005. * Greiner, Henry C. ''General Phil Sheridan As I Knew Him, Playmate–Comrade–Friend''. Chicago, Illinois: 1908. * Hutton, Dr. Paul Andrew, Ph.D. ''Phil Sheridan and His Army''. University of Nebraska Press, 1985. * Morris, Roy Jr. ''Sheridan: The Life and Wars of General Phil Sheridan''. Crown, 1992. * O'Connor, Richard. ''Sheridan the Inevitable''. New York: 1953. * Stackpole, Edward J. ''Sheridan in the Shenandoah: Jubal Early's Nemesis''. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 1961. * Wheelan, Joseph. ''Terrible Swift Sword: The Life of General Philip H. Sheridan''. Da Capo Press, 2012. * Wittenber, Eric J. ''Little Phil: A Reassessment of the Civil War Leadership of Gen. Philip H. Sheridan''. Washington, D.C.: Brassey's, 2002.

William Tecumseh Sherman William Tecumseh Sherman ( ; February 8, 1820February 14, 1891) was an American soldier, businessman, educator, and author. He served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861–1865), achieving recognition for his com ...

* Bailey, Anne J. ''War and Ruin: William T. Sherman and the Savannah Campaign''. Wilmington, Delaware: SR Books, 2003. * Boyd, James P. ''The Life of General William T. Sherman''. Publisher's Union, 1891. * Bowman, Samuel Millard. ''Sherman and His Campaigns''. New York: C.B. Richardson, 1868. * Bowman, S.M. and R.B. Irwin. ''Sherman and His Campaigns: A Military Biography''. New York: Charles P. Richardson, 1865. * Eisenhower, John S. D. ''American General: The Life and Times of William Tecumseh Sherman''. NAL Hardcover, 2014. * Fellman, Michael. ''Citizen Sherman; A Life of William Tecumseh Sherman''. New York: Random House, 1995. * Flood, Charles Bracelen. ''Grant and Sherman: The Friendship That Won the Civil War''. New York: Farrar, Staus and Giroux, 2005. * Hart, B. H. Liddell. ''Sherman: Soldier, Realist, American''. Greenwood Press Reprint, 1978. * Hirshon, Stanley P. ''The White Tecumseh: A Biography of General William T. Sherman''. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997. . * Kennett, Lee. ''Sherman: A Soldier's Life''. New York: Harper Collins, 2001. * Kent, Zachary. ''William Tecumseh Sherman: Union General''. Enslow Publishers, 2002. * Lewis, Lloyd. ''Sherman: Fighting Prophet''. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1958. * Marszalek, John F. ''Sherman: A Soldier's Passion for Order''. New York: Free Press, 1993. * McDonough, James Lee. ''William Tecumseh Sherman: In the Service of My Country: A Life''. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2016. . * Merrill, James M. ''William Tecumseh Sherman''. New York: Rand McNally & Company, 1971. * Miers, Earl Schenck. ''The General Who March to Hell''. New York: Dorset, 1990. * O'Connell, Robert L. ''Fierce Patriot: The Tangled Lives of William Tecumseh Sherman''. New York: Random House, 2014. . * Woodworth, Steven E. ''Sherman: Lessons in Leadership''. Palgrave Macmillan Trade, 2009.

James Shields

* Callan, J. P. Sean. ''Courage and Country: James Shields, More Than Irish Luck''. Libertyville, Illinois: IrishQuill Publishing, 2004. * Condon, William H. ''Life of Major General James Shields''. Chicago, Illinois: Press of the Blakely Printing Co., 1900. * Purcell, Joseph R. ''James Shields: Soldier and Statesman''. Dublin, 1932.

Daniel E. Sickles

* Hessler, James A. ''Sickles at Gettysburg: The Controversial Civil War General Who Committed Murder, Abandoned Little Round Top, and Declared Himself the Hero of Gettysburg''. Savas Beatie, 2009. * Keneally, Thomas. ''American Scoundrel: The Life of the Notorious Civil War General Dan Sickles''. New York: Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, 2002. . * Swanburg, W. A. ''Sickles the Incredible''. New York: Scribner's, 1956. .

Henry W. Slocum

* Melton, Brian C. ''Sherman's Forgotten General: Henry W. Slocum''. University of Missouri, 2007. * Slocum, Charles Elihu. ''The Life and Services of Major-General Henry Warner Slocum''. Forgotten Books, 2012.

Edwin V. Sumner

* Stanley, F. '' E. V. Sumner, Major General United States Army (1797–1863)''. published by author, 1968. * Tate, Thomas K. ''General

Edwin Vose Sumner Edwin Vose Sumner (January 30, 1797March 21, 1863) was a career United States Army officer who became a Union Army general and the oldest field commander of any Army Corps on either side during the American Civil War. His nicknames "Bull" or "Bul ...

, USA: A Civil War Biography''. McFarland & Company, 2013.

George H. Thomas George Henry Thomas (July 31, 1816March 28, 1870) was an American general in the Union Army during the American Civil War and one of the principal commanders in the Western Theater. Thomas served in the Mexican–American War and later chose ...

* Bobrick, Benson. ''Master of War: The Life of General George H. Thomas''. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009. . * Broadwater, Robert P. ''General George H. Thomas: A Biography of the Union's "Rock of Chickamauga"''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2009. . * Cleaves, Freeman. ''Rock of Chickamauga: The Life of General George H. Thomas''. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1946. . * Einolf, Christopher. ''George Thomas: Virginian for the Union''. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 2007. . * McKinney, Francis. ''Education in Violence: The Life of George H. Thomas and the History of the Army of the Cumberland''. Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University Press, 1961. * O'Conner, Richard. ''Thomas: Rock of Chickamauga''. New York: Prentice–Hall, 1948. * Palumbo, Frank A. ''George Henry Thomas the Dependable General: The Dependable General Supreme in Tactics of Strategy and Command''. Morningside Bookshop, 1983. . * Piatt, Don. ''General George H. Thomas: A Critical Biography''. Cincinnati: Robert Clarke, 1893. * Thomas, Wilbur. ''General George H. Thomas: The Indomitable Warrior''. New York: Exposition Press, 1964. * Van Horne, Thomas B. ''The Life of Major General George H. Thomas''. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1882. * Wills, Brian Steel. ''George Henry Thomas: As True As Steel''. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2012. .

James S. Wadsworth James Samuel Wadsworth (October 30, 1807 – May 8, 1864) was a philanthropist, politician, and a Union general in the American Civil War. He was mortally wounded in battle during the Battle of the Wilderness of 1864. Early years Wadswor ...

* Mahood, Wayne. ''General Wadsworth: The Life and Times of Brevet Major General James S. Wadsworth''. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press, 2003. . * Pearson, Henry Greenleaf. ''James S. Wadsworth of Geneseo, Brevet Major-General of United States Volunteers''. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1913.

Lew Wallace Lewis Wallace (April 10, 1827February 15, 1905) was an American lawyer, Union general in the American Civil War, governor of the New Mexico Territory, politician, diplomat, and author from Indiana. Among his novels and biographies, Wallace is ...

* Boomhower, Ray E. ''The Sword & the Pen: a Life of Lew Wallace''. Indiana Historical Society, 2005. * Getchell, Kevin. ''Scapegoat of Shiloh: The Distortion of Lew Wallace's Record by U.S. Grant''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2013. . * Leeke, Jim and Lew Wallace. ''Smoke, Sound and Fury: the Civil War Memoirs of Major-general Lew Wallace, U. S. Volunteers''. Strawberry Hill Press, 1998. . * McKee, Irving. ''"Ben–Hur" Wallace: the Life of General Lew Wallace''. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1947. * Morsberger, Robert Eustis and Katharine M. Morsberger. ''Lew Wallace, Militant Romantic''. San Francisco Book Co., 1980. . * Stephens, Gail. ''Shadow of Shiloh: Major General Lew Wallace in the Civil War''. Indianapolis, Indiana: Indiana Historical Society Press, 2011. .

Gouverneur K. Warren Gouverneur Kemble Warren (January 8, 1830 – August 8, 1882) was an American civil engineer and Union Army general during the American Civil War. He is best remembered for arranging the last-minute defense of Little Round Top during the Battle ...

* Jordon, David M. ''"Happiness Is Not My Companion": The Life of General G.K. Warren''. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2001. . * Taylor, Emerson Gifford. ''Gouverneur Kemble Warren: The Life and Letters of an American Soldier, 1830–1882''. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin, 1932. * Walker, Paula and Robert Girardi. ''The Soldiers' General: Major General Gouverneur K. Warren and the Civil War''. Savas Beatie, 2015. .

Confederate military leaders

General references

* ''American National Biography'' 24 vol (1999), essays by scholars on all major figures
online and hardcover editions at many libraries
* Allardice, Bruce S. ''Confederate Colonels: A Biographical Register''. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 2008. * Allardice, Bruce S. ''More Generals in Gray: A Companion Volume to Generals in Gray''. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 1995. . * Allardice, Bruce S. and Lawrence Lee Hewitt, editors. ''Kentuckians in Gray: Confederate Generals and Field Officers of the Bluegrass State''. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, 2008. ISBN 9780813124759. * Barefoot, Daniel W. ''Let Us Die Like Brave Men: Behind the Dying Words of Confederate Warriors''. Winston-Salem, North Carolina: Blair, 2005. * Current, Richard N., et al. eds. ''Encyclopedia of the Confederacy'', four volumes. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993. * Davis, William C., ed. ''The Confederate General'', six volumes. New York: National Historical Society, 1991–92. * Gallagher, Gary W. and Joseph T. Glatthaar, editors. ''Leaders of the Lost Cause: New Perspectives on the Confederate High Command''. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 2004. . * Hewitt, Lawrence Lee and Arthur W. Bergeron, Jr. ''Confederate Generals in the Western Theater, Volume 2: Essays on America's Civil War''. Knoxville, Tennessee: University of Tennessee Press, 2010. . * Johnson, John Lipscomb. ''The University Memorial: Biographical Sketches of Alumni of the University of Virginia Who Fell in the Confederate War''. Baltimore, Maryland: Turnbull Brothers, 1871. * Jones, Virgil Carrington. '' Gray Ghosts and Rebel Raiders''. New York, New York: First Promontory Press, 1995. . * Krick, Robert E. L. ''Staff Officers in Gray: A Biographical Register of the Staff Officers in the Army of Northern Virginia''. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 2003. * Krick, Robert K. ''Lee's Colonels''. Dayton, Ohio: Morningside House, 1991. * Longacre, Edward G. ''Lee's Cavalrymen: A History of the Mounted Forces of the Army of Northern Virginia''. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 2002. . * Owen, Richard and James Owen. ''Generals at Rest: The Grave Sites of the 425 Official Confederate Generals''. Shippensburg, Pennsylvania: White Mane Publishing Company, Inc., 1997. * Snow, Captain William P. ''Lee and His Generals''. New York, New York: The Fairfax Press, 1982. . * Trout, Robert J. ''Galloping Thunder: The Stuart Horse Artillery Battalion''. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 2002. . * Vandiver, Frank E. ''Rebel Brass: The Confederate Command System''. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University, 1956. * Wakelyn, John L. ''Biographical Dictionary of the Confederate States of America''. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1977. * Warner, Ezra J., ''Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders''. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. .

Works on individual leaders

* (no author listed) ''Colonel William Lamb Deay''. Wilmington, North Carolina: Carolina Printing Co., 1962. * Ackinelose, Timothy. ''Sabers & Pistols: The Civil War Career of Colonel

Harry Gilmor Harry Ward Gilmor (January 24, 1838 – March 4, 1883) served as the Baltimore City Police Commissioner, head of the Baltimore City Police Department in the 1870s, but he was most noted as a daring and dashing Confederate cavalry officer dur ...

e, C.S.A.'' Gettysburg, Pennsylvania: Stan Clark Military Books, 1997. * Allen, T. Harrell. ''Lee's Last Major General:

Bryan Grimes Bryan Grimes (November 2, 1828 – August 14, 1880) was a North Carolina planter and a general officer in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. He fought in nearly all of the major battles of the Eastern Theater of that war. G ...

of North Carolina''. Mason City, Iowa: Savas Publishing Co., 2000. * Anderson, Charles G. ''Confederate General William R. "Dirty Neck Bill" Scurry''. Charles G. Anderson, 1999. * Anderson, Mabel W. ''Life of General

Stand Watie Brigadier-General Stand Watie ( chr, ᏕᎦᏔᎦ, translit=Degataga, lit=Stand firm; December 12, 1806September 9, 1871), also known as Standhope Uwatie, Tawkertawker, and Isaac S. Watie, was a Cherokee politician who served as the second princ ...

''. Pryor, Oklahoma: 1915. * Arceneaux, William. ''Acadian General:

Alfred Mouton Jean-Jacques-Alfred-Alexandre "Alfred" Mouton (February 18, 1829 – April 8, 1864) was a Confederate general in the American Civil War. Although trained at West Point, he soon resigned his commission to become a civil engineer and then a ...

and the Civil War''. Lafayette, Louisiana: University of Southwest Louisiana, 1992. * Austin, J. Luke. ''General

John Bratton John Bratton (March 7, 1831 – January 12, 1898) was a U.S. Representative from South Carolina, as well as a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He rose from private to brigadier general and led a regiment ...

: Sumter to Appomattox''. Sewanee, Tennessee: Procter's Hall Press, 2003. * Ballard, Michael B. '' Pemberton: A Biography''. Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi, 1991. . * Barefoot, Daniel W. ''General

Robert F. Hoke Robert Frederick Hoke (May 27, 1837 – July 3, 1912) was a Confederate major general during the American Civil War. He was present at one of the earliest battles, the Battle of Big Bethel, where he was commended for coolness and judgment. Wo ...

: Lee's Modest Warrior''. Winston–Salem, North Carolina: John F. Blair, 1996. * Barringer, Sheridan. ''Fighting for General Lee: Confederate General

Rufus Barringer Rufus Clay Barringer (December 2, 1821 – February 3, 1895) was a North Carolina lawyer, politician, and Confederate brigadier general during the American Civil War. Early life Barringer was born in Cabarrus County, North Carolina, the nin ...

and the North Carolina Cavalry Brigade''. Savas Beatie, 2015. . * Bean, W. G. ''Stonewall's Man:

Sandie Pendleton Alexander Swift "Sandie" Pendleton (September 28, 1840 – September 23, 1864) was an officer on the staff of Confederate Generals Thomas J. Jackson, Richard S. Ewell and Jubal A. Early during the American Civil War. Early life and career Sandie ...

''. Wilmington, North Carolina: Broadfoot Publishing Company, 1987. * Bell, John. ''Confederate Seadog:

John Taylor Wood John Taylor Wood (August 13, 1830 – July 19, 1904) was an officer in the United States Navy and the Confederate Navy. He resigned from the U.S. Navy at the beginning of the American Civil War, and became a "leading Confederate naval hero" ...

in War and Exile''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2002. . * Benan, Gordon B. ''The Edge of Mosby's Sword: The Life of Confederate Colonel William Henry Chapman''. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press, 2009. . * Benedict, Bryce. ''Jayhawkers: The Civil War Brigade of James Henry Lane''. University of Oklahoma Press, 2009. . * Blake, Nelson, M. ''

William Mahone William Mahone (December 1, 1826October 8, 1895) was an American civil engineer, railroad executive, Confederate States Army general, and Virginia politician. As a young man, Mahone was prominent in the building of Virginia's roads and railroa ...

of Virginia: Soldier and Political Insurgent''. Richmond, Virginia: Garret & Massie, 1935. * Blakey, Arch Fredric. ''General John H. Winder, C.S.A.''. University Press of Florida, 1990. . * Bragg, C. L. ''Distinction in Every Service: Brigadier General Marcellus A. Stovall, C.S.A.'' Shippensburg, Pennsylvania: White Mane Publishing, 2002. . * Bridges, Hal. ''Lee's Maverick General:

Daniel Harvey Hill Lieutenant-General Daniel Harvey Hill (July 12, 1821 – September 24, 1889), commonly known as D. H. Hill, was a senior officer of the Confederate States Army who commanded infantry in the eastern and western theaters of the American Civil Wa ...

''. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1991. . * Brown, Russell K. ''To the Manner Born: The Life of General

William H. T. Walker William Henry Talbot Walker (November 26, 1816 – July 22, 1864) was an American soldier. He was a career United States Army officer who fought with distinction during the Mexican-American War, and also served as a Confederate States Army, ...

''. Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, 2005. * Bushong, Millard K. and Dean M. Bushong. ''Fightin' Tom Rosser, C.S.A.'' Shippensburg, Virginia: Beidel Printing House, Inc., 1983. * Byrd, IV, Joseph P. ''Confederate Sharpshooter: Major William E. Simmons: Through the War with the 16th Georgia Infantry and the 3rd Battalion Georgia Sharpshooters''. Mercer University Press, 2016. . * Caldwell, Willie Walker. ''Stonewall Jim: A Biography of General

James A. Walker James Alexander Walker (August 27, 1832 – October 21, 1901) was a Virginia lawyer, politician, and Confederate general during the American Civil War, later serving as a United States Congressman for two terms. He earned the nickname "Ston ...

, C.S.A.'' Elliston, Virginia: Northcross House, 1990. . * Carmichael, Peter S. '' William R. J. Pegram: Lee's Young Artilleriest''. Charlottesville, Virginia: University Press of Virginia, 1995. * Cisco, Walter Brian. '' States Rights Gist: A South Carolina General of the Civil War''. Shippensburg, Pennsylvania: White Mane Publishing Co., Inc., 1991. * Clemmer, Gregg S. ''Old Alleghany: Life and Wars of General Ed Johnson''. Staunton, Virginia: Hearthside Publishing Co., 2004. . * Craven, Avery Odelle. ''

Edmund Ruffin Edmund Ruffin III (January 5, 1794 – June 18, 1865) was a wealthy Virginia planter who served in the Virginia Senate from 1823 to 1827. In the last three decades before the American Civil War, his pro-slavery writings received more attention tha ...

, Southerner: A Study in Secession''. D. Appleton and Company, 1932. . * Cummings, Charles M. ''Yankee Quaker Confederate General: The Curious Career of Bushrod Rust Johnson''. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1971. . * Cunningham, Frank. ''General Stand Watie's: Confederate Indians''. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1959. * Daughtry, Mary Bandy. ''Gray Cavalier: The Life and Wars of General W. H. F. "Rooney" Lee''. New York: Da Capo Press, 2003. . * Davis, Archie K. ''Boy Colonel of the Confederacy: The Life and Times of Henry King Burgwyn, Jr.''. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 1985. . * Davis, William C. '' Breckinridge: Statesman, Soldier, Symbol''. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 1974. . * Davis, William C. ''

: The Man and Hist Hour: A Biography''. New York, NY: Harper Collins Publishers, 1991. . * Delaney, Norman C. ''

John McIntosh Kell John McIntosh Kell (January 26, 1823 – October 5, 1900) was an officer in the Confederate navy during the American Civil War, during which time Kell was First Lieutenant and Executive Officer of the commerce raider . Early life John McIntosh K ...

of the Raider Alabama''. University, Alabama: University of Alabama Press, 1973. * Dickinson, Jack L. '' Jenkins of Greenbottom: A Civil War Saga''. Pictorial Histories Publishing Co., 1988. . * Dufour, Charles L. ''Gentle Tiger: The Gallant Life of Roberdeau Wheat''. Louisiana State University Press, 1957. * Elliott, Sam Davis. ''Soldier of Tennessee: General

Alexander P. Stewart Alexander Peter Stewart (October 2, 1821 – August 30, 1908) was a career United States Army officer, college professor, and a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He fought in many of the most significant bat ...

and the Civil War in the West''. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 2004. * Faulk, Odie. ''General

Tom Green Michael Thomas Green (born July 30, 1971) is a Canadian-American comedian, show host, actor, filmmaker, podcaster, and rapper. After pursuing stand-up comedy and music as a young adult, Green created and hosted ''The Tom Green Show'', which a ...

: A Fightin' Texan''. Waco, Texas Texian Press, 1963. * Gallagher, Gary W. ''

Stephen Dodson Ramseur Stephen Dodson Ramseur (May 31, 1837 – October 20, 1864) was a Confederate general in the American Civil War, at one point the youngest in the army. He impressed Lee by his actions at Malvern Hill and Chancellorsville, where his brigade led S ...

, Lee's Gallant General''. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 1935. . * Godbold, Jr., E. Stanly and Mattie U. Russell. ''Confederate Colonel and Cherokee Chief: The Life of

William Holland Thomas William Holland Thomas (February 5, 1805 – May 10, 1893) was an American merchant and soldier. He was the son of Temperance Thomas (née Colvard) and Richard Thomas, who died before he was born. He was raised by his mother on Raccoon Cr ...

''. Knoxville, Tennessee: University of Tennessee Pres, 1990. . * Gordon, Larry. ''The Last Confederate General:

John C. Vaughn John Crawford Vaughn (February 24, 1824 – September 10, 1875) was a Confederate cavalry officer from East Tennessee. He served in the Mexican–American War, prospected in the California Gold Rush, and participated in American Civil War batt ...

and His East Tennessee Cavalry''. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Zenith Press, 2009. . * Harvey, Paul. ''Old Tige: General

William L. Cabell William Lewis Cabell (January 1, 1827 – February 21, 1911) was an American engineer, lawyer, businessman, and politician who served as the 14th, 16th and 20th mayor of Dallas (1874–1876, 1877–1879 and 1883–1885). Prior to that, he ...

, CSA''. Hill Junior College, Hillsboro, TX, 1970. * Hattaway, Herman. ''General

Stephen D. Lee Stephen Dill Lee (September 22, 1833 – May 28, 1908) was an American officer in the Confederate Army, politician and first president of Mississippi State University from 1880 to 1899. He served as lieutenant general of the Confederate ...

''. Jackson, Mississippi: University of Mississippi Press, 1976. * Hilderman, Walter C. III. ''

Theophilus Hunter Holmes Theophilus Hunter Holmes (November 13, 1804 – June 21, 1880) was an American soldier who served as a senior officer of the Confederate States Army and commanded infantry in the Eastern and Trans-Mississippi theaters of the American Civil War. ...

: A North Carolina General in the Civil War''. McFarland, 2013. . * Holland, Cecil. '' Morgan and His Raiders: A Biography of the Confederate General''. New York: Macmillan Company, 1943. * Holland, Lynwood M. '' Pierce Young: The Warwick of the South''. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1970. * Horton, Louise. '' Samuel Bell Maxey: A Biography''. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1974. * Hughes, Jr., Nathaniel C. ''Liddell's Record:

St. John Richardson Liddell St. John Richardson Liddell (September 6, 1815 – February 14, 1870) was a prominent Louisiana planter who served as a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He was an outspoken proponent of Southern abolitioni ...

, Brigadier General, CSA Staff Officer and Brigade Commander Army of Tennessee''. Louisiana State University Press, 1997. . * Hughes, Jr., Nathaniel C. ''General William J. Hardee: Old Reliable''. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 1965. * Hughes, Jr., Nathaniel C. and Roy P. Stonesifer, Jr. ''The Life and Wars of Gideon J. Pillow''. Knoxville, Tennessee: University of North Carolina Press, 1993. * Hughes, Jr., Nathaniel Cheairs, Connie Walton Moretti, and James Michael Browne. ''Brigadier General

Tyree H. Bell Tyree Harris Bell (September 5, 1815 – August 30, 1902) was a Confederate States Army brigadier general, during the American Civil War. As lieutenant colonel Bell commanded the 12th Tennessee Volunteer Infantry Regiment and was severely wo ...

, C. S. A.: Forrest's Fighting Lieutenant''. Knoxville, Tennessee: University of Tennessee Press, 2004. * Hughes, William J. ''Rebellious Ranger:

Rip Ford John Salmon Ford (May 26, 1815 – November 3, 1897), better known as "Rip" Ford, was a member of the Republic of Texas Congress and later of the Texas Senate, State Senate, and mayor of Brownsville, Texas. He was also a Texas Ranger Division, Te ...

and the Old Southwest''. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1964. * Jeffrey, Thomas E. ''

Thomas Lanier Clingman Thomas Lanier Clingman (July 27, 1812November 3, 1897), known as the "Prince of Politicians," was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from 1843 to 1845 and from 1847 to 1858, and U.S. senator from the state of Nort ...

: Fire Eater from the Carolina Mountains''. University of Georgia Press, 1999. . * Jones, Charles C. ''The Life and Services of Commodore Josiah Tattnall''. Savannah, Georgia: 1878. * Killian, Ron V. ''General

Abner M. Perrin Brigadier general, Brigadier-General Abner Monroe Perrin (February 2, 1827 – May 12, 1864) was an American lawyer who served as a senior Officer (armed forces), officer of the Confederate States Army in the American Civil War until killed in act ...

, C.S.A.: A Biography''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2012. . * Kinard, Jeff. ''Lafayette of the South: Prince Camille de Polignac and the American Civil War''. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press, 2001. * Knight, Wilfred. ''Red Fox:

and the Confederate Indian Nations during the Civil War Years in Indian Territory''. Glendale, California: 1988. * Losson, Christopher. ''Tennessee's Forgotten Warriors: Frank Cheatham and his Confederate Division''. University of Tennessee Press, 1990. . * Marlow, Clayton Charles. '' Matt W. Ransom, Confederate General from North Carolina''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2006. . * Marshall, Park. ''A Life of

William B. Bate William Brimage Bate (October 7, 1826March 9, 1905) was a planter and slaveholder, Confederate officer, and politician in Tennessee. After the Reconstruction era, he served as the 23rd governor of Tennessee from 1883 to 1887. He was elected to th ...

: Citizen, Soldier and Statesman''. Nashville, Tennessee: Cumberland Press, 1908. * Martin, Samuel J. ''Southern Hero:

Matthew Calbraith Butler Matthew Calbraith Butler (March 8, 1836April 14, 1909) was a Confederate soldier, an American military commander and attorney and politician from South Carolina. He served as a major general in the Confederate States Army during the American Ci ...

, Confederate General, Hampton Redshirt, and U.S. Senator''. Stackpole Books, 2001. . * Matthews, Gary Robert. ''

Basil Wilson Duke Basil Wilson Duke (May 28, 1838 – September 16, 1916) was a Confederate general officer during the American Civil War. His most noted service in the war was as second-in-command for his brother-in-law John Hunt Morgan; Duke later wrote ...

, C. S. A.: The Right Man in the Right Place''. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, 2005. * Maxwell, Jerry H. ''The Perfect Lion: The Life and Death of Confederate Artillerist John Pelham''. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama press, 2011. . * Mcbride, Mary Gorton and Ann M. McLaurin. ''

Randall Lee Gibson Randall Lee Gibson (September 10, 1832 – December 15, 1892) was an attorney and politician, elected as a member of the House of Representatives and U.S. Senator from Louisiana. He served as a brigadier general in the Confederate States Ar ...

of Louisiana: Confederate General and New South Reformer''. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 2007. . * McCash, William B. ''

Thomas R. R. Cobb Thomas Reade Rootes Cobb (April 10, 1823 – December 13, 1862), also known as T. R. R. Cobb, was an American lawyer, author, politician, and Confederate States Army officer, killed in the Battle of Fredericksburg during the American Civil War ...

(1823–1862): The Making of A Southern Nationalist''. Mercer University Press, 1983. . * McCaslin, Richard B. ''Fighting Stock: John S. "Rip" Ford of Texas''. Fort Worth, Texas: Texas Christian University Press, 2011. * McKay, Gary. ''The Sea King: The Life of

James Iredell Waddell James Iredell Waddell (July 3, 1824 – March 15, 1886) was an officer in the United States Navy and later in the Confederate States Navy. During the American Civil War, Waddell took command of the ''CSS Shenandoah'', which he used to sail aroun ...

''. 2010. . * Merchant, Holt. ''South Carolina Fire-Eater: The Life of Laurence Massillon Keitt, 1824–1864''. University of South Carolina Press, 2014. . * Mingus, Sr., Scott L. ''Confederate General

William "Extra Billy" Smith William "Extra Billy" Smith (September 6, 1797May 18, 1887) was a lawyer, congressman, the 30th and 35th Governor of Virginia, and a major general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. On his appointment in January 1863, ...

: From Virginia's Statehouse to Gettysburg Scapegoat''. Savas Beatie, LLC, 2013. . * Motts, Wayne E. ''Trust in God and Fear Nothing:

Lewis A. Armistead Lewis Addison Armistead (February 18, 1817 – July 5, 1863) was a career United States Army officer who became a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. On July 3, 1863, as part of Pickett's Charge during ...

, CSA''. Farnsworth House Military Impressions, 1994. . * Mueller, Doris Land. ''

M. Jeff Thompson Brigadier-General M. Jeff Thompson (January 22, 1826 – September 5, 1876), nicknamed "Swamp Fox," was a senior officer of the Missouri State Guard who commanded cavalry in the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War. The () ...

: Missouri's Swamp Fox of the Confederacy''. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 2007. * Neal, Diane and Thomas W. Kremm. ''Lion of the South: General

Thomas C. Hindman Thomas Carmichael Hindman Jr. (January 28, 1828 – September 28, 1868) was an American lawyer, politician, and a senior officer of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. Born in Knoxville, Tennessee, he later moved to Miss ...

''. Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, 1993. . * O'Flaherty, Daniel. ''General

Jo Shelby Joseph Orville "J.O." Shelby (December 12, 1830 – February 13, 1897) was a senior officer of the Confederate States Army who commanded cavalry in the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War. Early life and education Joseph Orvill ...

: Undefeated Rebel''. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 1954. . * Parker, William L. ''General

James Dearing James Dearing (April 25, 1840 – April 22, 1865) was a Confederate States Army officer during the American Civil War who served in the artillery and cavalry. Dearing entered West Point in 1858 and resigned on April 22, 1861, when Virginia sec ...

, CSA''. H.E. Howard, 1990. . * Parks, Joseph Howard. ''General

Edmund Kirby Smith General Edmund Kirby Smith (May 16, 1824March 28, 1893) was a senior officer of the Confederate States Army who commanded the Trans-Mississippi Department (comprising Arkansas, Missouri, Texas, western Louisiana, Arizona Territory and the Indi ...

, C.S.A.'' Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 1954. * Parks, Joseph H. ''General

Leonidas Polk Lieutenant-General Leonidas Polk (April 10, 1806 – June 14, 1864) was a bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Louisiana and founder of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Confederate States of America, which separated from the Episcopal Chur ...

C.S.A.: The Fighting Bishop''. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 1962 (republished 1990). . * Patterson, Gerard A. ''From Blue to Gray: The Life of Confederate General

Cadmus Wilcox Cadmus Marcellus Wilcox (May 20, 1824 – December 2, 1890) was a career United States Army officer who served in the Mexican–American War and also was a Confederate general during the American Civil War. Early life and career Wilcox was ...

''. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 2001. University of North Carolina Press, 1998. * Pickett, W. D. ''Sketch of the Military Career of William J. Hardee, Lieutenant–General, C.S.A.'' Lexington, Kentucky: James Hughes, Printer, no date. * Pinnegar, Charles. ''Brand of Infamy: A Biography of

John Buchanan Floyd John Buchanan Floyd (June 1, 1806 – August 26, 1863) was the 31st Governor of Virginia, U.S. Secretary of War, and the Confederate general in the American Civil War who lost the crucial Battle of Fort Donelson. Early family life John Buchan ...

''. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2002. * Raab, James W. '' J. Patton Anderson, Confederate General: A Biography''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Company, 2004. . * Raab, James W. ''Deliverance From Evil: General Francis Asbury Shoup, C.S.A.'' Infinity Publishing, 2012. . * Raab, James W. '' W. W. Loring: Florida's Forgotten General "Old Blizzards"''. St. Augustine, Florida: Sunflower University Press, 1996. . * Ramage, James A. ''Gray Ghost: The Life of Col.

John Singleton Mosby John Singleton Mosby (December 6, 1833 – May 30, 1916), also known by his nickname "Gray Ghost", was a Confederate army cavalry battalion commander in the American Civil War. His command, the 43rd Battalion, Virginia Cavalry, known as Mosby's ...

''. University Press of Kentucky, 2010. ISBN 9780813108391. * Rhoades, Jeffrey L. ''Scapegoat General: The Story of Major General Benjamin Huger, C.S.A.'' Hamden, Connecticut: Archon Books, 1985. * Riedel, Julie Slemons. ''Brigadier General William F. Slemons, C.S.A.'' Independence, Missouri: published by author, 1992. * Robert Grier, Jr. Stephens. ''Intrepid Warrior: Clement Anselm Evans Confederate General from Georgia: Life, Letters, and Diaries of the War Years''. Morningside Bookshop, 1992. . * Robins, Glen. ''The Bishop of the Old South: The Ministry and Civil War Legacy of

''. Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, 2006 * Rose, Victor M. ''The Life and Services of General

Ben McCulloch Brigadier general, Brigadier-General Benjamin McCulloch (November 11, 1811 – March 7, 1862) was a soldier in the Texas Revolution, a Texas Ranger Division, Texas Ranger, a Major general (United States), major-general in the Texas militia and t ...

''. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Pictorial Bureau of the Press, 1888. * Selcer, Richard F. ''Lee vs. Pickett: Two Divided by War''. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania: Thomas Publications, 1998. * Siepel, Kevin H. ''Rebel: The Life and Times of John Singleton Mosby''. St. Martin's Press, 1983. ISBN 978-0312665593. * Silverman, Jason H., Samuel N. Thomas, Jr., and Beverly D. Evans IV. ''"Shanks": The Life and Wars of Confederate General

Nathan G. Evans Nathan George "Shanks" Evans (February 3, 1824 – November 23, 1868) was a United States Army officer who later served as a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. Biography Evans was born in Marion, South Caro ...

, CSA''. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press, 2002. * Smith, Gerald J. ''One of the Most Daring of Men: The Life of Confederate General William Tatum Wofford''. Murfreesboro, Tennessee: Southern Heritage Press, 1997. * Stanley, Henry Morton and Nathaniel Cheairs Hughes (Editor). ''Sir

Henry Morton Stanley Sir Henry Morton Stanley (born John Rowlands; 28 January 1841 – 10 May 1904) was a Welsh-American explorer, journalist, soldier, colonial administrator, author and politician who was famous for his exploration of Central Africa Cen ...

, Confederate''. Louisiana State University Press, 2000. * Starr, Stephen Z. ''Colonel Grenfell's Wars: The Life of a Soldier of Fortune''. Louisiana State University Press, 1971. . * Taylor, John M. ''Confederate Raider:

Raphael Semmes Raphael Semmes ( ; September 27, 1809 – August 30, 1877) was an officer in the Confederate Navy during the American Civil War. Until then, he had been a serving officer in the US Navy from 1826 to 1860. During the American Civil War, Semmes wa ...

of the Alabama''. Dulles, Virginia: Brassey's Inc., 1994. . * Thompson, Jerry. ''Colonel John Robert Baylor: Texas Indian Fighter and Confederate Soldier''. Hillsboro, Texas: Hill Junior College, 1971. * Thompson, Jerry D. ''

Henry Hopkins Sibley Henry Hopkins Sibley (May 25, 1816 – August 23, 1886) was a career officer in the United States Army, who commanded a Confederate cavalry brigade in the Civil War. In 1862, he attempted to forge a supply route from California, in defiance ...

: Confederate General of the West''. Northwestern State University, 1987. . * Thomsen, Paul A. ''Rebel Chief: The Motley Life of Colonel

, C.S.A.'' New York: Tom Doherty Associates, 2004. * Tucker, Phillip Thomas. ''The Forgotten "Stonewall of the West": Major General John Stevens Bowen''. Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, 1997. . * Tucker, Leslie R. ''Brigadier General

John Adams John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, attorney, diplomat, writer, and Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father who served as the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801. Befor ...

, CSA: A Biography''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Company, 2013. . * Walker, Cornelius Irvine. ''The Life of Lieutenant General

Richard Heron Anderson Richard Heron Anderson (October 7, 1821 – June 26, 1879) was a career U.S. Army officer, fighting with distinction in the Mexican–American War. He also served as a Confederate general during the American Civil War, fighting in the Eastern ...

of the Confederate States Army''. Charleston, South Carolina: Art, 1917. * Waugh, John C. '' Sam Bell Maxey and the Confederate Indians''. Abilene, Texas: McWhiney Foundation Press, 1995. * Wessels, William L. ''Born to Be A Soldier: The Military Career of

William Wing Loring William Wing Loring (December 4, 1818 – December 30, 1886) was an American soldier who served in the armies of the United States, the Confederacy, and Egypt. Biography Early life William was born in Wilmington, North Carolina, to Reuben a ...

of St. Augustine, Florida''. Texas Christian University Press, 1971. * White Jr., Frank Everett. ''Sailor's Creek: Major General G. W. Custis Lee, Captured with Controversy''. Schroeder Publications, 2008. . * White, William S. ''Sketches of the Life of Captain Hugh A. White of the Stonewall Brigade''. Columbia, South Carolina: South Carolinian Steam Press, 1864. * Wilson, Clyde N. ''The Most Promising Young Man of the South: James Johnston Pettigrew and His Men at Gettysburg''. Abilene, Texas: McWhiney Foundation Press, 1998. * Wilson, Francis W. ''General William Polk (Old Gotch) Hardeman''. 1990. . * Woodward, Harold R. ''Major General

James Lawson Kemper James Lawson Kemper (June 11, 1823 – April 7, 1895) was a lawyer, a Confederate general in the American Civil War, and the 37th Governor of Virginia. He was the youngest brigade commander and only non-professional military officer in the div ...

, C.S.A.: The Confederacy's Forgotten Son''. Rockbridge Publishing Company, 1993. ISBN 978-0962357275. * Wynstra, Robert. ''Rashness Of That Hour: Politics, Gettysburg, and the Downfall of Confederate Brigadier General Alfred Iverson''. Savas Beatie, 2010. .

Edward Porter Alexander Edward Porter Alexander (May 26, 1835 – April 28, 1910) was an American military engineer, railroad executive, planter, and author. He served first as an officer in the United States Army and later, during the American Civil War (1861–1865) ...

* Alexander, Edward Porter. ''Military Memoirs of a Confederate: A Critical Narrative''. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1912. * Alexander, Edward Porter and Edited by Gary W. Gallager ''Fighting for the Confederacy: The Personal Recollections of General Edward Porter Alexander''. The University of North Carolina Press, 1989. . * Golay, Michael. ''To Gettysburg and Beyond: The Parallel Lives of Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain and Edward Porter Alexander''. New York: Crown Publishers, 1995. * Klein, Maury. ''Edward Porter Alexander''. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1971.

Henry Watkins Allen Henry Watkins Allen (April 29, 1820April 22, 1866) was a member of the Confederate States Army and the Texian Army as a soldier, also serving as a military leader, politician, writer, slave owner, and sugar cane planter. He had made it to the ...

* Cassidy, Vincent H and Amos E Simpson. ''Henry Watkins Allen of Louisiana''. Louisiana State University Press, 1964. * Dorsey, Sarah A. ''Recollections Of Henry Watkins Allen: Brigadier-General Confederate States Army Ex-Governor Of Louisiana (1866)''. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2010.

William T. "Bloody Bill" Anderson

* Castel, Albert and Thomas Goodrich. ''Bloody Bill Anderson: The Short, Savage Life of a Civil War Guerrilla''. Stackpole Books, 1998. * Wood, Larry. ''The Civil War Story of Bloody Bill Anderson''. Eakin Press, 2003. .

Turner Ashby Turner Ashby Jr. (October 23, 1828 – June 6, 1862) was an American officer. He was a Confederate cavalry commander in the American Civil War. In his youth, he organized an informal cavalry company known as the Mountain Rangers, which becam ...

* Anderson, Paul C. ''Blood Image: Turner Ashby in the Civil War and the Southern Mind''. Louisiana State University Press, 2002. . * Ashby, Tomas A. ''Life of Turner Ashby''. New York: Neale Publishing Co., 1914. * Avirett, Rev. James B. ''The Memoirs of General Turner Ashby and His Compeers''. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2010. . * Bushong, Millard Kessler. ''General Turner Ashby and Stonewall's Valley Campaign''. McClure Printing Company, 1980. * Cunningham, Frank. ''Knight of The Confederacy: General Turner Ashby''. The Naylor Company, 1960. * Thomas, Clarence. ''General Turner Ashby: The Centaur Of The South''. Winchester, Virginia: Eddy Press Corps., 1907.

P. G. T. Beauregard

* Roman, Alfred. ''The Military Operations of General Beauregard in the War Between the States, 1861–1865'', two volumes. New York: Harper, 1884. * Williams, T. Harry. ''P.G.T. Beauregard: Napoleon in Gray''. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1955. .

Braxton Bragg Braxton Bragg (March 22, 1817 – September 27, 1876) was an American army officer during the Second Seminole War and Mexican–American War and Confederate general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War, serving in the Weste ...

* Hallock, Judith Lee. ''Braxton Bragg and Confederate Defeat (Volume 2)''. University, Alabama: University Alabama Press, 1991. . * Hess, Earl J. ''Braxton Bragg: The Most Hated Man of the Confederacy''. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 2016. . * Martin, Samuel J. ''General Braxton Bragg C.S.A.'' Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co., 2011. * McWhiney, Grady. ''Braxton Bragg and Confederate Defeat (Volume 1)''. University, Alabama: University Alabama Press, 1991. . * Seitz, Don C. ''Braxton Bragg: General of the Confederacy''. Columbia, South Carolina: State Co, 1924.

Franklin Buchanan Franklin Buchanan (September 17, 1800 – May 11, 1874) was an officer in the United States Navy who became the only full admiral in the Confederate Navy during the American Civil War. He also commanded the ironclad CSS ''Virginia''. Early lif ...

* Eliot, George Fielding. ''Daring sea warrior, Franklin Buchanan''. Julian Messner NY, 1962. * Lewis, Charles L. ''Admiral Franklin Buchanan: Fearless Man of Action''. Baltimore, Maryland: Norman, Remington, 1929. * Symonds, Craig L. ''Confederate Admiral: The Life and Wars of Franklin Buchanan''. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1999.

Simon Bolivar Buckner Simon Bolivar Buckner ( ; April 1, 1823 – January 8, 1914) was an American soldier, Confederate combatant, and politician. He fought in the United States Army in the Mexican–American War. He later fought in the Confederate States Army ...

* Russell, Stephen. ''Simon Bolivar Buckner: Beyond the Southern Storm''. Chicago Spectrum Press, 2005. . * Stickles, Arndt. ''Simon Boliver Buckner: Borderland Knight''. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 2001.

James D. Bulloch

* Kinnaman, Stephen Chapin. ''Captain Bulloch: The Life of James Dunwoody Bulloch, Naval Agent of the Confederacy''. Dog Ear Publishing, 2013. . * Wilson, Walter E. and Gary L. McKay. ''James D. Bulloch: Secret Agent and MasterMind of the Confederate Navy''. McFarland, 2012. .

Patrick Cleburne Major-General Patrick Ronayne Cleburne ( ; March 16, 1828November 30, 1864) was a senior officer of the Confederate States Army who commanded infantry in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. Born in Ireland, Cleburne served in the ...

* Buck, Irving. ''Cleburne and His Command''. McCowat Mercer Press, 1959. * Joslyn, Mauriel. ''A Meteor Shining Brightly: Essays on the Life and Career of Major General Patrick R. Cleburne''. Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, 2000. . * Nash, Charles E. ''Biographical Sketches of Gen. Pat Cleburne and Gen. T.C. Hindman''. Little Rock, Arkansas: Tunnah and Pittard, 1895. * Purdue, Howell and Elizabeth Purdue. ''Pat Cleburne, Confederate General: A Definitive Biography''. Hillsboro, Texas: Hill Junior College Press, 1973. * Stewart, Bruce. ''Invisible Hero: Patrick R. Cleburne''. Mercer University Press, 2009. . * Symonds, Craig L. ''Stonewall of the West: Patrick Cleburne and the Civil War''. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 1997.

Jubal Early Jubal Anderson Early (November 3, 1816 – March 2, 1894) was a Virginia lawyer and politician who became a Confederate general during the American Civil War. Trained at the United States Military Academy, Early resigned his U.S. Army commissio ...

* Bushong, Millard K. ''Old Jube: A Biography of General Jubal Early''. Boyce, Virginia: Carr Publishing Company, 1955. * Cooling, Benjamin Franklin. ''Jubal Early: Robert E. Lee's "Bad Old Man"''. Rowman & Littlefield, 2014. . * Osborne, Charles. ''Jubal: The Life and Times of General Jubal A. Early, CSA.'' Chapel Hill, North Carolina: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 1992. .

Richard S. Ewell Richard Stoddert Ewell (February 8, 1817 – January 25, 1872) was a career United States Army officer and a Confederate general during the American Civil War. He achieved fame as a senior commander under Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. L ...

* Casdorph, Paul D. ''Confederate General R. S. Ewell: Robert E. Lee's Hesitant Commander.'' University Press of Kentucky, 2004. ISBN 9780813160276. * Hamlin, P. G. ''Old Bald Head (Gen. R.S. Ewell): The Portrait of a Soldier''. Strasburg, Virginia: 1940. * Martin, Samuel J. ''The Road to Glory: Confederate General Richard S. Ewell''. Indianapolis, Indiana: Guild Press of Indiana, 1991. * Pfanz, Donald C. ''Richard S. Ewell: A Soldier's Life''. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, .

Nathan Bedford Forrest Nathan Bedford Forrest (July 13, 1821October 29, 1877) was a prominent Confederate Army general during the American Civil War and the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan from 1867 to 1869. Before the war, Forrest amassed substantial wealt ...

* Ashdown, Paul and Caudill, Edward. ''The Myth of Nathan Bedford Forrest.'' Rowman & Littlefield, 2005. * Browning, Jr., Robert M. ''Forrest: The Confederacy's Relentless Warrior''. Washington, D.C.: Brassey's Inc., 2004. * Davison, Eddy W. ''Nathan Bedford Forrest: In Search of the Enigma''. Pelican Publishing, 2007. . * Henry, R. S. ''"First With the Most" Forrest''. Indianapolis, Indiana: Bobbs-Morrill Company, 1944. * Hurst, Jack. ''Nathan Bedford Forrest: A Biography''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1993. . * Jordon, Thomas and Roger Pryor. ''The Campaigns of Lieut.–Gen. N. B. Forrest, and of Forrest's Cavalry''. New Orleans, Louisiana: Blelock and Company, 1868. * Sheppart, Eric. ''Bedford Forrest: The Confederacy's Greatest Cavalryman''. New York: Dial Press, 1930. * Wills, Brian Steel. ''A Battle from the Start: The Life of Nathan Bedford Forrest''. New York: Harper Collins, 1992. . * Wyeth, John. ''That Devil Forrest: Life of General Nathan Bedford Forrest''. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1959.

John Brown Gordon John Brown Gordon () was an attorney, a slaveholding plantation owner, general in the Confederate States Army, and politician in the postwar years. By the end of the Civil War, he had become "one of Robert E. Lee's most trusted generals." A ...

* Eckert, Ralph Lowell. ''John Brown Gordon: Soldier, Southerner, American''. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 1989. . * Tankersley, Allen P. ''John B. Gordon: A Study in Gallentry''. Atlanta, Georgia: Whitehall Press, 1955.

Wade Hampton III Wade Hampton III (March 28, 1818April 11, 1902) was an American military officer who served the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War and later a politician from South Carolina. He came from a wealthy planter family, and ...

* Ackerman, Robert K. ''Wade Hampton III''. Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 2007. . * Andrew, Jr., Rod. ''Wad Hampton: Confederate Warrior to Southern Redeemer''. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 2008. * Cisco, Walter Brian. ''Wade Hampton: Confederate Warrior, Conservative Statesman''. Washington, D.C.: Brassey's Inc., 2004. * Longacre, Edward G. ''Gentleman and Soldier: A Biography of Wade Hampton III''. Nashville, Tennessee: Rutledge Hill, 2003. * Rod, Jr. Andrew. ''Wade Hampton: Confederate Warrior to Southern Redeemer''. The University of North Carolina Press, 2008. . * Wellman, Manley Wade. ''Giant in Gray: A Biography of Wade Hampton''. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1949.

A. P. Hill

* Hassler, William W. ''A.P. Hill: Lee's Forgotten General''. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 1962. . * Robertson, James I. ''General A.P. Hill: The Story of a Confederate Warrior''. New York: Random House, 1987. .

John Bell Hood John Bell Hood (June 1 or June 29, 1831 – August 30, 1879) was a Confederate general during the American Civil War. Although brave, Hood's impetuosity led to high losses among his troops as he moved up in rank. Bruce Catton wrote that "the dec ...

* Dyer, John Percy. ''The Gallant Hood''. New York: Bobbs–Merrill, 1950. * Hood, Stephen M. ''John Bell Hood: The Rise, Fall, and Resurrection of a Confederate General''. Savas Beatie, LLC, 2013. . * McMurry, Richard M. ''John Bell Hood and the War for Southern Independence''. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1992. . * O'Conner, Richard. ''Hood: Cavalier General''. New York: 1949.

John D. Imboden John Daniel Imboden (; February 16, 1823August 15, 1895), American lawyer, Virginia state legislator, and a Confederate army general. During the American Civil War, he commanded an irregular cavalry force. After the war, he resumed practicing la ...

* Tucker, Spencer C. ''Brigadier General John D. Imboden: Confederate Commander in the Shenandoah''. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, 2003. ISBN 9780813122663. * Woodward, Jr., Harold R. ''Defender of the Valley: Brig. Gen. John D. Imboden, C.S.A.'' Berryville, Virginia: Rickbridge Publishing Co., 1996. .

Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson

* Alexander, Bevin. ''Lost Victories and the Military Genius of Stonewall Jackson''. New York: Henry Holt, 1992. * Arnold, Thomas J. ''Early Life and Letters of General Thomas J. Jackson''. New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1916. * Casdorph, Paul D. ''Lee and Jackson''. New York: Paragon House, 1992. * Chambers, Lenoir. ''Stonewall Jackson'', two volumes. New York: William Morrow and Co., 1959. * Chambers, Lenoir. ''Stonewall Jackson and the Virginia Military Institute: The Lexington Years''. Lexington, Virginia: Garland Gray Memorial Research Center, Stonewall Jackson House, 1959. * Chase, William C. ''Story of Stonewall Jackson''. Atlanta, Georgia: D.E. Luther, 1913. * Cook, Roy Bird. ''The Family and Early Life of Stonewall Jackson''. Richmond, Virginia: Old Dominion Press, 1924. * Cooke, John Esten. ''Stonewall Jackson''. New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1876. * Davis, Burke. ''They Called Him Stonewall: A Life of Lt. General T. J. Jackson, C.S.A.'' New York (Fairfax Press), 1988. . First published New York: Rinehart, 1954. * Farwell, Byron. ''Stonewall: A Biography of General Thomas J. Jackson''. New York: W. W. Norton, 1992. * Greene, A. Wilson. ''Whatever You Resolve to Be: Essays on Stonewall Jackson''. Baltimore, Maryland: Butternut and Blue, 1992. * Gwynne, S.C. ''Rebel Yell: The Violence, Passion, and Redemption of Stonewall Jackson''. New York: Scribner, 2014. . * Henderson, G.F.R. ''Stonewall Jackson and the American Civil War''. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1943. * Hettle, Wallace. ''Inventing Stonewall Jackson: A Civil War Hero in History and Memory''. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 2011. * Holsworth, Jerry. ''Stonewall Jackson and Winchester, Virginia''. The History Press, 2012. ISBN 9781609495305. * Mackowski, Chris and Kristopher D. White. ''The Last Days of Stonewall Jackson: The Mortal Wounding of the Confederacy's Greatest Icon''. Savas Beatie, LLC, 2013. . * Robertson, James I. ''Stonewall Jackson: The Man, the Soldier, the Legend'' New York: Macmillan Publishing U.S.A., 1997. . * Selby, John. ''Stonewall Jackson as Military Commander''. Princeton, New Jersey: Van Nostrand, 1968. * Vandiver, Frank E. ''Mighty Stonewall''. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1957. * Williams, Jr., Richard G. ''Stonewall Jackson: The Black Man's Friend''. Nashville, Tennessee: Cumberland House, 2006.

Micah Jenkins Micah Jenkins (December 1, 1835 – May 6, 1864), was a Confederate general in the American Civil War, mortally wounded by friendly fire at the Battle of the Wilderness. Early life Jenkins was born on Edisto Island, South Carolina. He graduat ...

* Baldwin, James J. III. ''The Struck Eagle: A Biography of Brigadier General Micah Jenkins, and a History of the Fifth South Carolina Volunteers and the Palmetto Sharpshooters''. Shippensburg, Pennsylvania: Burd Street Press, 1996. . * Swisher, James K. ''Prince of Edisto: Brigadier General Micah Jenkins, CSA''. White Mane Publishing, 2005. .

Albert Sidney Johnston Albert Sidney Johnston (February 2, 1803 – April 6, 1862) served as a general in three different armies: the Texian Army, the United States Army, and the Confederate States Army. He saw extensive combat during his 34-year military career, figh ...

* Johnston, William Preston. ''Life of Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston''. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1878. * Roland, Charles. ''Albert Sidney Johnston: Soldier of Three Republics''. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1964. .

Joseph E. Johnston Joseph Eggleston Johnston (February 3, 1807 – March 21, 1891) was an American career army officer, serving with distinction in the United States Army during the Mexican–American War (1846–1848) and the Seminole Wars. After Virginia secede ...

* Govan, Gilbert E. and James W. Livingwood. ''A Different Valor: The Story of General Joseph E. Johnston, C.S.A.'' Westport, Connecticut: 1956. * Symonds, Craig L. ''Joseph E. Johnston: A Civil War Biography''. W W Norton & Co Inc, 1992. .

Fitzhugh Lee Fitzhugh Lee (November 19, 1835 – April 28, 1905) was a Confederate cavalry general in the American Civil War, the 40th Governor of Virginia, diplomat, and United States Army general in the Spanish–American War. He was the son of Sydney Smi ...

* Longacre, Edward G. ''Fitz Lee: A Military Biography of Major General Fitzhugh Lee, C.S.A.'' New York: Da Capo, 2004. . * Nichols, James L. ''General Fitzhugh Lee: A Biography''. Lynchburg, Virginia: H. E. Howard Co., 1989.

Robert E. Lee

* Bradford, Gamaliel. ''Lee The American''. Boston, Massachusetts: 1912. * Brock, R.A., editor. ''Robert Edward Lee: Soldier, Citizen, and Christian Patriot''. Richmond, Virginia: B.G. Johnson, 1897. * Brooks, W.E. ''Lee of Virginia''. Indianapolis, Indiana: 1932. * Carmichael, Peter S., ed. ''Audacity Personified: The Generalship of Robert E. Lee.'' Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 2004. * Casdorph, Paul D. ''Lee and Jackson''. New York: Paragon House, 1992. * Childe, Edward Lee. ''The Life and Campaigns of General Lee''. Translated by George Litting. London: Chatto and Windus, 1875. * Connelly, Thomas Lawrence. ''The Marble Man: Robert E. Lee and His Image in American Society''. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 1977. . * Davis, Burke ''Gray Fox: Robert E. Lee and the Civil War''. New York: The Fairfax Press, 1956. . * Davis, William C. ''Crucible of Command: Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee - The War They Fought, The Peace They Forged''. Boston, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press, 2014. . * Earle, Peter. ''Robert E. Lee''. New York: Saturday Review Press, 1973. . * Eicher, David J. ''Robert E. Lee: A Life Portrait''. Lanham, Maryland: Taylor Trade Publishing, 1997. . * Fellman, Michael. ''The Making of Robert E. Lee''. New York: Random House 2000. * Flood, Charles Bracelen. ''Lee: The Last Years''. Boston, Massachusetts: Mariner Books, 1998. * Freeman, Douglas S., ''R. E. Lee, A Biography'', four volumes. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1934. * Fuller, Maj. Gen. J. F. C., ''Grant and Lee, A Study in Personality and Generalship''. Indianapolis, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1957. * Gallagher, Gary W. ''Lee the Soldier''. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1996. *

Allen C. Guelzo Allen Carl Guelzo (born 1953) is an American historian who serves as Senior Research Scholar in the Council of the Humanities and Director of the Initiative on Politics and Statesmanship in the James Madison Program at Princeton University. He f ...

''Robert E. Lee: A Life''. New York: Knopf, 2021. * Horn, Jonathan. ''The Man Who Would Not Be Washington: Robert E. Lee's Civil War and His Decision That Changed American History''. New York: Scribner, 2015. . * Jones, John William. ''Life and Letters of Robert Edward Lee: Soldier and Man''. New York: Neale Publishing, 1906. * Lee, Fitzhugh. ''General Lee''. New York: D. Appleton, 1884. * Mason, Emily V. ''Popular Life of General Robert Edward Lee''. Baltimore, Maryland: 1872. * Maurice, Sir Frederick. ''Robert E. Lee, the Soldier''. Boston, Massachusetts: 1925. * McCabe, Jr., James D. ''Life and Campaigns of General Robert E. Lee''. New York: 1866. * McCaslin, Richard B. ''Lee in the Shadow of Washington''. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana University Press, 2001. * McKenzie, John D. ''Uncertain Glory: Lee's Generalship Re–Examined''. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1997. . * Meredith, Roy. ''The Face of Robert E. Lee in Life and Legend''. New York: 1947. * Nolan, Alan T. ''Lee Considered: General Robert E. Lee and Civil War History''. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 1991. . * Pollard, Edward A. ''The Early Life, Campaigns, and Public Services of R.E. Lee: With a Record of the Campaigns and Heroic Deeds of his Companions in Arms''. New York: E.B. Treat and Co., 1871. * Pryor, Elizabeth Brown. ''Reading the Man: A Portrait of Robert E. Lee Through His Private Letters''. New York: Viking, 2007. * Reid, Brian Holden. ''Robert E. Lee: Icon for a Nation.'' London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2005. * Riley, Franklin L., editor. ''General Robert E. Lee After Appomattox''. New York: MacMillan, 1922. * Robertson, James I. ''Robert E. Lee: Virginian Soldier, American Citizen''. New York: Atheneum Books for Young Readers, 2005. * Sanborn, Margaret. ''Robert E. Lee: The Complete Man, 1861–1870'', two volumes. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: J. B. Lippincott, 1966–1967. * Sanborn, Margaret. ''Robert E. Lee: A Portrait 1807–1861''. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: J.B. Lippencott, 1966. * Smith, Gene. ''Lee and Grant: A Dual Biography''. New York: McGraw–Hill, 1984. * Thomas, Emory M. ''Robert E. Lee: A Biography''. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1995. . * White, Henry A. ''Robert E. Lee and the Southern Confederacy''. New York: 1897. * Wilson, Woodrow. ''Robert E. Lee: An Interpretation''. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 1924.

James Longstreet James Longstreet (January 8, 1821January 2, 1904) was one of the foremost Confederate generals of the American Civil War and the principal subordinate to General Robert E. Lee, who called him his "Old War Horse". He served under Lee as a corps ...

* Connelly, Thomas L. and Barbara L. Bellows. ''God and General Longstreet: The Lost Cause and the Southern Mid''. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 1982. * DiNardo, Richard L. and Albert A. Nofi, editors. ''James Longstreet: The Man, the Soldier, the Controversy''. Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: Combined Publishing, 1998. . * Eckenrode, H. J. and Bryan Conrad. ''James Longstreet: Lee's War House''. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 1936 (republished in 1986). . * Longstreet, James. ''From Manassas to Appomattox: Memoirs of the Civil War in America''. Da Capo, 1992. * Piston, William G. ''Lee's Tarnished Lieutenant: James Longstreet and His Place in Southern History''. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1987. . * Wert, Jeffry D. ''General James Longstreet: The Confederacy's Most Controversial Soldier''. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993. .

John Bankhead Magruder John Bankhead Magruder (May 1, 1807 – February 18, 1871) was an American and Confederate military officer. A graduate of West Point, Magruder served with distinction during the Mexican–American War (1846–1848) and was a prominent Confeder ...

* Casdorph, Paul D. ''Prince John Magruder: His Life and Campaigns''. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1996. . * Settles, Thomas M. ''John Bankhead Magruder: A Military Reappraisal''. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 2009.

Ben McCulloch Brigadier general, Brigadier-General Benjamin McCulloch (November 11, 1811 – March 7, 1862) was a soldier in the Texas Revolution, a Texas Ranger Division, Texas Ranger, a Major general (United States), major-general in the Texas militia and t ...

* Cutrer, Thomas W. ''Ben McCulloch and the Frontier Military Tradition''. The University of North Carolina Press, 1993. . * Rose, Victor M. ''The Life and Services of Gen. Ben McCulloch''. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: no publisher listed, 1888.

William Dorsey Pender William Dorsey Pender (February 6, 1834 – July 18, 1863) was a general in the Confederacy in the American Civil War serving as a brigade and divisional commander. Promoted to brigadier on the battlefield at Seven Pines by Confederate President ...

* Hassler, William W. (Editor). ''One of Lee's Best Men: The Civil War Letters of General William Dorsey Pender''. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press, 1999. . * Longacre, Edward G. ''General William Dorsey Pender: A Military Biography''. Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: Da Capo Press, 2001. . * Wills, Brian Steel. ''Confederate General William Dorsey Pender: The Hope of Glory''. Louisiana State University Press, 2013. .

George E. Pickett George Edward Pickett (January 16,Military records cited by Eicher, p. 428, and Warner, p. 239, list January 28. The memorial that marks his gravesite in Hollywood Cemetery lists his birthday as January 25. Thclaims to have accessed the baptism ...

* Gordon, Lesley J. ''General George E. Pickett in Life and Legend''. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 1998. . * Longacre, Edward G. ''Pickett Leader of the Charge: A Biography of General George E. Pickett, C.S.A.''. Shippensburg, Pennsylvania: White Man Publishing Company, 1995. . * Pickett, George E. ''The Heart of a Soldier: Intimate Wartime Letters from General George E. Pickett C.S.A. to His Wife''. Butternut & Blue, 1996. .

Albert Pike Albert Pike (December 29, 1809April 2, 1891) was an American author, poet, orator, editor, lawyer, jurist and Confederate general who served as an associate justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court in exile from 1864 to 1865. He had previously se ...

* Allsop, Fred W. ''Albert Pike: A Biography''. Little Rock, Arkansas: 1928. * Brown, Walter Lee. ''Life of Albert Pike''. Fayetteville, Arkansas: University of Arkansas Press, 1997. . * Duncan, Robert L. ''Reluctant General: The Life and Times of Albert Pike''. New York: no publisher listed 1961. * Tresner, Jim. ''Albert Pike: The Man Behind the Monument''. M. Evans and Company, Inc., 1995. .

Sterling Price Major-General Sterling "Old Pap" Price (September 14, 1809 – September 29, 1867) was a senior officer of the Confederate States Army who commanded infantry in the Western and Trans-Mississippi theaters of the American Civil War. Prior to ...

* Castel, Albert. ''General Sterling Price and the Civil War in the West''. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 1968. . * Rea, Ralph R. ''Sterling Price, the Lee of the West''. Little Rock, Arkansas: Pioneer Press, 1959. * Reynolds, Thomas C. ''General Sterling Price and the Confederacy''. Missouri History Museum Press, 2009. . ''Formerly Unpublished manuscript 1867'' * Shalhope, Robert E. ''Sterling Price, Portrait of a Southerner''. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 1971.

Robert E. Rodes Robert Emmett (or Emmet) Rodes (March 29, 1829 – September 19, 1864) was a Confederate general in the American Civil War, and the first of Robert E. Lee's divisional commanders not trained at West Point. His division led Stonewall Jackso ...

* Collins, Darrell L. ''Major General Robert E. Rodes of the Army of Northern Virginia, A Biography''. New York: Savas Beatie, 2008. . * Swisher, James K. ''Warrior in Gray: General Robert Rodes of Lee's Army''. Shippensburg, Pennsylvania: White Mane Books, 2000.

J. E. B. Stuart

* Brennan, Patrick. ''To Die Game: Gen. J.E.B. Stuart, CSA''. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania: Farnsworth House Military Impressions, 1998. * Davis, Burke. ''Jeb Stuart: The Last Cavalier''. New York: Rinehart, 1957. * McClellan, H. B. ''The Life and Campaigns of Major–General J.E.B. Stuart''. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin, 1885. * Thomas, Emory M. ''Bold Dragoon: The Life of J.E.B. Stuart''. New York: Harper & Row, 1986. . * Thomason, John W. ''Jeb Stuart''. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1930. * Trout, Robert J. ''They Followed the Plume: The Story of J.E.B. Stuart and his Staff''. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 1994. * Wert, Jeffry D. ''Cavalryman of the Lost Cause: A Biography of J.E.B. Stuart''. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2008.

Richard Taylor

* Mitcham Jr, Samuel. ''Richard Taylor and the Red River Campaign of 1864''. Pelican Publishing, 2012. . * Parrish, T. Michael. ''Richard Taylor: Soldier Prince of Dixie''. University of North Carolina Press, 1992. . * Taylor, Richard. ''Destruction and Reconstruction: Personal experiences of the late war''. New York, New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1897.

Lloyd Tilghman Lloyd Tilghman (January 26, 1816 – May 16, 1863) was a Confederate general in the American Civil War. A railroad construction engineer by background, he was selected by the Confederate government to build two forts to defend the Tennessee ...

* Bush, Bryan S. ''Lloyd Tilghman: Confederate General in the Western Theatre''. Acclaim Press, 2006. . * Rabb, James W. ''Confederate General Lloyd Tilghman: A Biography''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Company, 2006. .

Isaac Ridgeway Trimble Isaac Ridgeway Trimble (May 15, 1802 – January 2, 1888) was a United States Army officer, a civil engineer, a prominent railroad construction superintendent and executive, and a Confederate general in the American Civil War. He was born in Vir ...

* Trimble, David C. ''Furious, Insatiable Fighter: A Biography of Maj. Gen. Isaac Ridgeway Trimble, C.S.A.''. University Press of America, 2005. . * Tucker, Leslie R. ''Major General Isaac Ridgeway Trimble: Biography Of A Baltimore Confederate''. McFarland, 2005. .

Earl Van Dorn Earl Van Dorn (September 17, 1820May 7, 1863) started his military career as a United States Army officer but joined Confederate forces in 1861 after the Civil War broke out. He was a major general when he was killed in a private conflict. A g ...

* Carter, Arthur B. ''The Tarnished Cavalier: Major General Earl Van Dorn, C.S.A.''. Knoxville, Tennessee: University of Tennessee Press, 1999. * Hartje, Robert G. ''Van Dorn: The Life and Times of a Confederate General''. Nashville, Tennessee: Vanderbilt University Press, 1967.

Joseph Wheeler Joseph "Fighting Joe" Wheeler (September 10, 1836 – January 25, 1906) was an American military commander and politician. He was a cavalry general in the Confederate States Army in the 1860s during the American Civil War, and then a general in ...

* Dyer, John Percy. ''From Shiloh to San Juan Hill: The Life of "Fighting Joe" Wheeler''. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 1961. . * Longacre, Edward G. ''A Soldier to The Last: Major General Joseph Wheeler in Blue and Gray''. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books Inc., 2006. .

Union & Confederate military leaders

General reference

* Castel, Albert. ''Articles of War: Winners, Losers, and Some Who Were Both in the Civil War''. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2001. .

Notes

{{American Civil War

Union military leaders

General reference

Works on individual leaders

Nathaniel Prentiss Banks Nathaniel Prentice (or Prentiss) Banks (January 30, 1816 – September 1, 1894) was an American politician from Massachusetts and a Union general during the Civil War. A millworker by background, Banks was prominent in local debating societies, ...

John Buford John Buford, Jr. (March 4, 1826 – December 16, 1863) was a United States Army cavalry officer. He fought for the Union as a brigadier general during the American Civil War. Buford is best known for having played a major role in the first day o ...

Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain (born Lawrence Joshua Chamberlain, September 8, 1828February 24, 1914) was an American college professor from Maine who volunteered during the American Civil War to join the Union Army. He became a highly respected a ...

William B. Cushing William Barker Cushing (4 November 184217 December 1874) was an officer in the United States Navy, best known for sinking the during a daring nighttime raid on 27 October 1864, for which he received the Thanks of Congress. Cushing was the youn ...

George Armstrong Custer George Armstrong Custer (December 5, 1839 – June 25, 1876) was a United States Army officer and cavalry commander in the American Civil War and the American Indian Wars. Custer graduated from West Point in 1861 at the bottom of his class, b ...

David Glasgow Farragut David Glasgow Farragut (; also spelled Glascoe; July 5, 1801 – August 14, 1870) was a flag officer of the United States Navy during the American Civil War. He was the first rear admiral, vice admiral, and admiral in the United States Navy. Fa ...

Andrew Hull Foote Andrew Hull Foote (September 12, 1806 – June 26, 1863) was an American naval officer who was noted for his service in the American Civil War and also for his contributions to several naval reforms in the years prior to the war. When the war cam ...

Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant ; April 27, 1822July 23, 1885) was an American military officer and politician who served as the 18th president of the United States from 1869 to 1877. As Commanding General, he led the Union Ar ...

Henry W. Halleck Henry Wager Halleck (January 16, 1815 – January 9, 1872) was a senior United States Army officer, scholar, and lawyer. A noted expert in military studies, he was known by a nickname that became derogatory: "Old Brains". He was an important par ...

Winfield Scott Hancock Winfield Scott Hancock (February 14, 1824 – February 9, 1886) was a United States Army officer and the Democratic nominee for President of the United States in 1880. He served with distinction in the Army for four decades, including service ...

John A. Logan John Alexander Logan (February 9, 1826 – December 26, 1886) was an American soldier and politician. He served in the Mexican–American War and was a general in the Union Army in the American Civil War. He served the state of Illinois as a st ...

Ranald S. Mackenzie Ranald Slidell Mackenzie, also called Bad Hand, (July 27, 1840 – January 19, 1889) was a career United States Army officer and general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was described by General Ulysses S. Grant as its ...

George B. McClellan George Brinton McClellan (December 3, 1826 – October 29, 1885) was an American soldier, Civil War Union general, civil engineer, railroad executive, and politician who served as the 24th governor of New Jersey. A graduate of West Point, McCl ...

George G. Meade George Gordon Meade (December 31, 1815 – November 6, 1872) was a United States Army officer and civil engineer best known for decisively defeating Confederate General Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War. H ...

Nelson A. Miles Nelson Appleton Miles (August 8, 1839 – May 15, 1925) was an American military general who served in the American Civil War, the American Indian Wars, and the Spanish–American War. From 1895 to 1903, Miles served as the last Commanding Gen ...

William Starke Rosecrans William Starke Rosecrans (September 6, 1819March 11, 1898) was an American inventor, coal-oil company executive, diplomat, politician, and U.S. Army officer. He gained fame for his role as a Union general during the American Civil War. He was t ...

Winfield Scott Winfield Scott (June 13, 1786May 29, 1866) was an American military commander and political candidate. He served as a general in the United States Army from 1814 to 1861, taking part in the War of 1812, the Mexican–American War, the early s ...

Philip H. Sheridan Philip, also Phillip, is a male given name, derived from the Greek (''Philippos'', lit. "horse-loving" or "fond of horses"), from a compound of (''philos'', "dear", "loved", "loving") and (''hippos'', "horse"). Prominent Philips who popularize ...

William Tecumseh Sherman William Tecumseh Sherman ( ; February 8, 1820February 14, 1891) was an American soldier, businessman, educator, and author. He served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861–1865), achieving recognition for his com ...

Edwin V. Sumner

George H. Thomas George Henry Thomas (July 31, 1816March 28, 1870) was an American general in the Union Army during the American Civil War and one of the principal commanders in the Western Theater. Thomas served in the Mexican–American War and later chose ...

James S. Wadsworth James Samuel Wadsworth (October 30, 1807 – May 8, 1864) was a philanthropist, politician, and a Union general in the American Civil War. He was mortally wounded in battle during the Battle of the Wilderness of 1864. Early years Wadswor ...

Lew Wallace Lewis Wallace (April 10, 1827February 15, 1905) was an American lawyer, Union general in the American Civil War, governor of the New Mexico Territory, politician, diplomat, and author from Indiana. Among his novels and biographies, Wallace is ...

Gouverneur K. Warren Gouverneur Kemble Warren (January 8, 1830 – August 8, 1882) was an American civil engineer and Union Army general during the American Civil War. He is best remembered for arranging the last-minute defense of Little Round Top during the Battle ...

Confederate military leaders

General references

Works on individual leaders

Edward Porter Alexander Edward Porter Alexander (May 26, 1835 – April 28, 1910) was an American military engineer, railroad executive, planter, and author. He served first as an officer in the United States Army and later, during the American Civil War (1861–1865) ...

Henry Watkins Allen Henry Watkins Allen (April 29, 1820April 22, 1866) was a member of the Confederate States Army and the Texian Army as a soldier, also serving as a military leader, politician, writer, slave owner, and sugar cane planter. He had made it to the ...

Turner Ashby Turner Ashby Jr. (October 23, 1828 – June 6, 1862) was an American officer. He was a Confederate cavalry commander in the American Civil War. In his youth, he organized an informal cavalry company known as the Mountain Rangers, which becam ...

Braxton Bragg Braxton Bragg (March 22, 1817 – September 27, 1876) was an American army officer during the Second Seminole War and Mexican–American War and Confederate general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War, serving in the Weste ...

Franklin Buchanan Franklin Buchanan (September 17, 1800 – May 11, 1874) was an officer in the United States Navy who became the only full admiral in the Confederate Navy during the American Civil War. He also commanded the ironclad CSS ''Virginia''. Early lif ...

Simon Bolivar Buckner Simon Bolivar Buckner ( ; April 1, 1823 – January 8, 1914) was an American soldier, Confederate combatant, and politician. He fought in the United States Army in the Mexican–American War. He later fought in the Confederate States Army ...

Patrick Cleburne Major-General Patrick Ronayne Cleburne ( ; March 16, 1828November 30, 1864) was a senior officer of the Confederate States Army who commanded infantry in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. Born in Ireland, Cleburne served in the ...

Jubal Early Jubal Anderson Early (November 3, 1816 – March 2, 1894) was a Virginia lawyer and politician who became a Confederate general during the American Civil War. Trained at the United States Military Academy, Early resigned his U.S. Army commissio ...

Richard S. Ewell Richard Stoddert Ewell (February 8, 1817 – January 25, 1872) was a career United States Army officer and a Confederate general during the American Civil War. He achieved fame as a senior commander under Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. L ...

Nathan Bedford Forrest Nathan Bedford Forrest (July 13, 1821October 29, 1877) was a prominent Confederate Army general during the American Civil War and the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan from 1867 to 1869. Before the war, Forrest amassed substantial wealt ...

John Brown Gordon John Brown Gordon () was an attorney, a slaveholding plantation owner, general in the Confederate States Army, and politician in the postwar years. By the end of the Civil War, he had become "one of Robert E. Lee's most trusted generals." A ...

Wade Hampton III Wade Hampton III (March 28, 1818April 11, 1902) was an American military officer who served the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War and later a politician from South Carolina. He came from a wealthy planter family, and ...

John Bell Hood John Bell Hood (June 1 or June 29, 1831 – August 30, 1879) was a Confederate general during the American Civil War. Although brave, Hood's impetuosity led to high losses among his troops as he moved up in rank. Bruce Catton wrote that "the dec ...

John D. Imboden John Daniel Imboden (; February 16, 1823August 15, 1895), American lawyer, Virginia state legislator, and a Confederate army general. During the American Civil War, he commanded an irregular cavalry force. After the war, he resumed practicing la ...

Micah Jenkins Micah Jenkins (December 1, 1835 – May 6, 1864), was a Confederate general in the American Civil War, mortally wounded by friendly fire at the Battle of the Wilderness. Early life Jenkins was born on Edisto Island, South Carolina. He graduat ...

Albert Sidney Johnston Albert Sidney Johnston (February 2, 1803 – April 6, 1862) served as a general in three different armies: the Texian Army, the United States Army, and the Confederate States Army. He saw extensive combat during his 34-year military career, figh ...

Joseph E. Johnston Joseph Eggleston Johnston (February 3, 1807 – March 21, 1891) was an American career army officer, serving with distinction in the United States Army during the Mexican–American War (1846–1848) and the Seminole Wars. After Virginia secede ...

Fitzhugh Lee Fitzhugh Lee (November 19, 1835 – April 28, 1905) was a Confederate cavalry general in the American Civil War, the 40th Governor of Virginia, diplomat, and United States Army general in the Spanish–American War. He was the son of Sydney Smi ...

James Longstreet James Longstreet (January 8, 1821January 2, 1904) was one of the foremost Confederate generals of the American Civil War and the principal subordinate to General Robert E. Lee, who called him his "Old War Horse". He served under Lee as a corps ...

John Bankhead Magruder John Bankhead Magruder (May 1, 1807 – February 18, 1871) was an American and Confederate military officer. A graduate of West Point, Magruder served with distinction during the Mexican–American War (1846–1848) and was a prominent Confeder ...

Ben McCulloch Brigadier general, Brigadier-General Benjamin McCulloch (November 11, 1811 – March 7, 1862) was a soldier in the Texas Revolution, a Texas Ranger Division, Texas Ranger, a Major general (United States), major-general in the Texas militia and t ...

William Dorsey Pender William Dorsey Pender (February 6, 1834 – July 18, 1863) was a general in the Confederacy in the American Civil War serving as a brigade and divisional commander. Promoted to brigadier on the battlefield at Seven Pines by Confederate President ...

George E. Pickett George Edward Pickett (January 16,Military records cited by Eicher, p. 428, and Warner, p. 239, list January 28. The memorial that marks his gravesite in Hollywood Cemetery lists his birthday as January 25. Thclaims to have accessed the baptism ...

Albert Pike Albert Pike (December 29, 1809April 2, 1891) was an American author, poet, orator, editor, lawyer, jurist and Confederate general who served as an associate justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court in exile from 1864 to 1865. He had previously se ...

Sterling Price Major-General Sterling "Old Pap" Price (September 14, 1809 – September 29, 1867) was a senior officer of the Confederate States Army who commanded infantry in the Western and Trans-Mississippi theaters of the American Civil War. Prior to ...

Robert E. Rodes Robert Emmett (or Emmet) Rodes (March 29, 1829 – September 19, 1864) was a Confederate general in the American Civil War, and the first of Robert E. Lee's divisional commanders not trained at West Point. His division led Stonewall Jackso ...

Lloyd Tilghman Lloyd Tilghman (January 26, 1816 – May 16, 1863) was a Confederate general in the American Civil War. A railroad construction engineer by background, he was selected by the Confederate government to build two forts to defend the Tennessee ...

Isaac Ridgeway Trimble Isaac Ridgeway Trimble (May 15, 1802 – January 2, 1888) was a United States Army officer, a civil engineer, a prominent railroad construction superintendent and executive, and a Confederate general in the American Civil War. He was born in Vir ...

Earl Van Dorn Earl Van Dorn (September 17, 1820May 7, 1863) started his military career as a United States Army officer but joined Confederate forces in 1861 after the Civil War broke out. He was a major general when he was killed in a private conflict. A g ...

Joseph Wheeler Joseph "Fighting Joe" Wheeler (September 10, 1836 – January 25, 1906) was an American military commander and politician. He was a cavalry general in the Confederate States Army in the 1860s during the American Civil War, and then a general in ...

Union & Confederate military leaders

General reference

See also

Notes