The Ilocano

Bible The Bible (from Koine Greek , , 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures that are held to be sacred in Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, and many other religions. The Bible is an anthologya compilation of texts of a ...

, published in 1909, is the second

to be published in any Philippine language, after the Tagalog which was published in 1905. As of the 21st century, four bible translations in the

Ilocano language Ilocano (also Ilokano; ; Ilocano: ) is an Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines, primarily by Ilocano people and as a lingua franca by the Igorot people and also by the native settlers of Cagayan Valley. It is the third most-spoken ...

of the

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

exist: * ''Ti Biblia'': based on the

American Standard Version The American Standard Version (ASV), officially Revised Version, Standard American Edition, is a Bible translation into English that was completed in 1901 with the publication of the revision of the Old Testament. The revised New Testament had b ...

and some available

Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Cana ...

Versions * ''Naimbag a Damag Biblia'': an equivalent translation of the

Good News Bible Good News Bible (GNB), also called the Good News Translation (GNT) in the United States, is an English translation of the Bible by the American Bible Society. It was first published as the New Testament under the name ''Good News for Modern Man'' ...

based on the Novum Testamentum Graecae and the

Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia The Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, abbreviated as BHS or rarely BH4, is an edition of the Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible as preserved in the Leningrad Codex, and supplemented by masoretic and text-critical notes. It is the fourth edition in ...

. * ''Ti Baro a Naimbag a Damag Biblia'': An update of the ''Naimbag a Damag Biblia'' based on the same versions of the

Holy Scriptures Religious texts, including scripture, are texts which various religions consider to be of central importance to their religious tradition. They differ from literature by being a compilation or discussion of beliefs, mythologies, ritual prac ...

. *''Baro a Lubong a Patarus ti Nasantuan a Kasuratan:'' based from the English ''

New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures The New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures (NWT) is a translation of the Bible published by the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society; it is used and distributed by Jehovah's Witnesses. The New Testament portion was released first, in 1950, ...

,'' produced by Jehovah's Witnesses.

History

After six years of laborious effort, the

American Bible Society American Bible Society is a U.S.-based Christian nonprofit headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. As the American member organization of United Bible Societies, it supports global Bible translation, production, distribution, literacy, engage ...

and the

British and Foreign Bible Society The British and Foreign Bible Society, often known in England and Wales as simply the Bible Society, is a non-denominational Christian Bible society with charity status whose purpose is to make the Bible available throughout the world. The Soc ...

published the Ilocano

New Testament The New Testament grc, Ἡ Καινὴ Διαθήκη, transl. ; la, Novum Testamentum. (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Christ ...

in 1904. Simply titled ''Ti Baro a Tulag Wenno Ti Baro a Testamento ni Apo Tayo a Jesucristo'' (The New Agreement or the New Testament of Our Lord Jesus Christ). Though much of the supervision was given as a task to the

BFBS The British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) provides radio and television programmes for His Majesty's Armed Forces, and their dependents worldwide. Editorial control is independent of the Ministry of Defence and the armed forces themselve ...

, the work was enthusiastically assisted by the different

American American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, pe ...

Protestant Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century agai ...

Missionaries A missionary is a member of a religious group which is sent into an area in order to promote its faith or provide services to people, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.Thomas Hale 'On Being a Mi ...

in the

North North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west. ''North'' is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating Direction (geometry), direction or geography. Etymology T ...

. Among the well known translators was

Isabelo de los Reyes Isabelo de los Reyes Sr. y Florentino, also known as Don Belong (July 7, 1864 – October 10, 1938), was a prominent Filipino politician, writer, journalist, and labor activist in the 19th and 20th centuries. He was the original founder of the ' ...

, the founder of the

Iglesia Filipina Independiente , native_name_lang = fil , icon = Logo of the Philippine Independent Church (Aglipayan Church).svg , icon_width = 80px , icon_alt = Coat of arms of the Philippine Independent Church , image ...

, who as gaoled in

Barcelona Barcelona ( , , ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within ci ...

during that time. Five years later, the

finished the translation of the

Old Testament The Old Testament (often abbreviated OT) is the first division of the Christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh, a collection of ancient religious Hebrew writings by the Israelites. The ...

and gave it the title ''Ti Daan a Tulag nga Isu ti Umuna a Paset ti Santa Biblia'' (The Old Testament which is the First Part of the Holy Bible) thus allowing the final publication of the complete Protestant Ilocano

in 1912.The Open Word: A Publication of the Philippine Bible Society, Volume 25 Number 2, 1st Quarter 2009; page 26 Unlike the two separate versions, this Ilocano

was simply called ''Ti Biblia'' ( ''Ilocano:''

The Bible The Bible (from Koine Greek , , 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures that are held to be sacred in Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, and many other religions. The Bible is an anthologya compilation of texts of a ...

). However, when the

Good News Translation Good News Bible (GNB), also called the Good News Translation (GNT) in the United States, is an English translation of the Bible by the American Bible Society. It was first published as the New Testament under the name ''Good News for Modern Man'' ...

or the Today's English Version was published in the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

in 1966, th
Philippine Bible Society
commissioned another group of translators to translate the Bible following the same principles of

dynamic equivalence The terms dynamic equivalence and formal equivalence, coined by Eugene Nida, are associated with two dissimilar translation approaches that are employed to achieve different levels of literalness between the source and target text, as evidenc ...

. Thus, the publication of ''Ti Baro a Tulag ti Naimbag a Damag Biblia'' (the New Testament of the Good News Bible) came in 1973, and 10 years later the complete ''Ti Naimbag a Damag Biblia''. During this time, the

Roman Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

, through the

papal The pope ( la, papa, from el, πάππας, translit=pappas, 'father'), also known as supreme pontiff ( or ), Roman pontiff () or sovereign pontiff, is the bishop of Rome (or historically the patriarch of Rome), head of the worldwide Cathol ...

encyclical An encyclical was originally a circular letter sent to all the churches of a particular area in the ancient Roman Church. At that time, the word could be used for a letter sent out by any bishop. The word comes from the Late Latin (originally from ...

Divino afflante Spiritu ''Divino afflante Spiritu'' ("By the inspiration of the Spirit") is a papal encyclical letter issued by Pope Pius XII on 30 September 1943 calling for new translations of the Bible into vernacular languages using the original languages as a so ...

'', which has been dubbed as the "Magna Carta for Biblical Progress", opened its doors for its members to study the Bible as aggressively as

s do. This meant that

Pope Pius XII Pope Pius XII ( it, Pio XII), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (; 2 March 18769 October 1958), was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 2 March 1939 until his death in October 1958. Before his e ...

encouraged that the

Roman Catholics The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

study the original biblical languages (

Hebrew Hebrew (; ; ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jews and Samaritans. It was largely preserved ...

Aramaic The Aramaic languages, short Aramaic ( syc, ܐܪܡܝܐ, Arāmāyā; oar, 𐤀𐤓𐤌𐤉𐤀; arc, 𐡀𐡓𐡌𐡉𐡀; tmr, אֲרָמִית), are a language family containing many varieties (languages and dialects) that originated in ...

, and

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

). Thus new translators of the

used the original languages as the textual base instead of

Saint Jerome Jerome (; la, Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus; grc-gre, Εὐσέβιος Σωφρόνιος Ἱερώνυμος; – 30 September 420), also known as Jerome of Stridon, was a Christian priest, confessor, theologian, and historian; he is comm ...

Latin Vulgate The Vulgate (; also called (Bible in common tongue), ) is a late-4th-century Latin translation of the Bible. The Vulgate is largely the work of Jerome who, in 382, had been commissioned by Pope Damasus I to revise the Gospels us ...

. The different

churches welcomed the move as this has been their philosophy since

William Tyndale William Tyndale (; sometimes spelled ''Tynsdale'', ''Tindall'', ''Tindill'', ''Tyndall''; – ) was an English biblical scholar and linguist who became a leading figure in the Protestant Reformation in the years leading up to his executi ...

translated his very first

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...

. The

also encouraged a version of the

to be jointly translated by

Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...

and

scholars, thus giving rise to what they call the ''Common Bible''. Today, the second title (given above) is the most used, as it was approved liturgically not only by the Roman Catholic Church but by many of the other churches as well. Later in the 1990s, th
Philippine Bible Society
realised the need to revise the ''Naimbag a Damag Biblia'' because of further advancement in

linguistic Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is called a scientific study because it entails a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its nature and structure. Linguis ...

and

archaeological Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscap ...

knowledge. Hence the birth of ''Ti Baro a Naimbag a Damag Biblia'' (The New Good News Bible). Like the earlier version, it used the original languages as the textual base and was jointly translated by

and Protestant scholars. In December 1993, Jehovah's Witnesses released the ''Baro a Lubong a Patarus ti Kristiano a Griego a Kasuratan'' (New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures) in Ilocano alongside Cebuano and Tagalog, though this Bible only have a Christian Greek Scriptures in it. By December 1, 2000, a complete Bible with Hebrew Scriptures and revised Christian Greek Scriptures was released in Tagalog, while Cebuano and Ilocano soon followed. The Bible in Ilocano then became called
Baro a Lubong a Patarus ti Nasantuan a Kasuratan
' (New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures). The translation and references of these 1993 and 2000 editions of the Bible are based on the English 1984 edition of the
New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures
' which was released at the “Kingdom Increase” District Conventions of Jehovah’s Witnesses on 1984 in United States. Eight years later, on September 16, 2018, a member of the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses, Mark Sanderson, released the revised edition of the ''New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures'' under the same name—
Baro a Lubong a Patarus ti Nasantuan a Kasuratan
' in Ilocano. This Bible is based from the English 2013 revision of the
New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures
' which was released at the 129th annual meeting of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania on October 5 and 6, 2013 in the Assembly Hall of Jehovah’s Witnesses, Jersey City, New Jersey, U.S.A. This newly revised edition in Ilocano includes the use of more modern and understandable language (look at the chart below), clarified Biblical expression, appendixes, and many more.

First parts of the Ilocano Bible

Although the complete Bible was published only in 1909, some fragments of the Bible were translated as soon as the arrival of the

Spaniard Spaniards, or Spanish people, are a Romance ethnic group native to Spain. Within Spain, there are a number of national and regional ethnic identities that reflect the country's complex history, including a number of different languages, both ind ...

s in the

Islands An island (or isle) is an isolated piece of habitat that is surrounded by a dramatically different habitat, such as water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, skerries, cays or keys. An island ...

. In 1620, the very first book in Ilocano was published by Rev. Fr. Francisco Lopez. The book was entitled ''Doctrina Cristiana en la Lengua Española e Yloca'' which was aimed to be used for catechism. The Book contained a translation of the

Lord's Prayer The Lord's Prayer, also called the Our Father or Pater Noster, is a central Christian prayer which Jesus taught as the way to pray. Two versions of this prayer are recorded in the gospels: a longer form within the Sermon on the Mount in the Gosp ...

(entitled ''Amami'') and the

Ten Commandments The Ten Commandments (Biblical Hebrew עשרת הדברים \ עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים, ''aséret ha-dvarím'', lit. The Decalogue, The Ten Words, cf. Mishnaic Hebrew עשרת הדיברות \ עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדִּבְ� ...

(entitled ''Daguiti Sangapulo a Bilin''). During the time of the revolution, Don

, known as the Father of Philippine Socialism, made his translations of the

Gospel of Luke The Gospel of Luke), or simply Luke (which is also its most common form of abbreviation). tells of the origins, birth, ministry, death, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus Christ. Together with the Acts of the Apostles, it makes up a two-volu ...

while he was jailed in Montijuich Castle in

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

. But because Don Belong was not knowledgeable in the Biblical languages, the

allowed him to use the available Spanish Bibles as a textual base. From this, he also translated the

Gospel of John The Gospel of John ( grc, Εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Ἰωάννην, translit=Euangélion katà Iōánnēn) is the fourth of the four canonical gospels. It contains a highly schematic account of the ministry of Jesus, with seven "sig ...

and the

Book of Acts The Acts of the Apostles ( grc-koi, Πράξεις Ἀποστόλων, ''Práxeis Apostólōn''; la, Actūs Apostolōrum) is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian Church and the spread of its message ...

. His works were later published in 1989 and 1900 respectively.

Comparative chart

References

External links

Philippine Bible Society
- The Official Website of the Philippine Bible Society

Dagiti Saksi ni Jehova—Opisial a Website: jw.org

Online a Biblia—Basaen, Denggen Wenno I-download a Libre: PDF, EPUB, Audio
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bible Translations (Ilocano) Ilocano Philippine literature Ilocano culture Bible translations into the languages of the Philippines

History

First parts of the Ilocano Bible

Comparative chart

See also

References

External links