Bhowanipur

Bhowanipore (also Bhowanipur; bn, ভবানীপুর) is a neighbourhood of South Kolkata in Kolkata district of West Bengal, India.

History

In 1717, the East India Company obtained the right to rent from 38 villages surrounding their settlement from the Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar. Of these, 5 lay across the Hooghly in what is now Howrah district. The remaining 33 villages were on the Calcutta side. After the fall of Siraj-ud-daulah, the last independent Nawab of Bengal, it purchased these villages in 1758 from Mir Jafar, and reorganised them. These villages were known en-bloc as '' Dihi Panchannagram'' and Bhowanipore was one of them. It was considered to be a suburb beyond the limits of the Maratha Ditch.

Bhowanipore existed as a ''dihi'' in 1765 and also absorbed a part of Dihi Chakraberia. The construction of Harish Mukherjee Road and Lansdowne Road (now Sarat Bose Road) and the extension of Hazra Road to Kalighat, opened up the area at the beginning of the 20th century.Nair, P.Thankappan, ''The Growth and Development of Old Calcutta'', in ''Calcutta, the Living City'', Vol. I, pp. 15,18-19, Edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, Oxford University Press, 1995 edition. Artisans played a role in developing the neighbourhood and making it a populous native place. The ''kansaris'' (braziers), the ''shankharis'' (conch workers) and the ''telis'' (oil pressers); all had their ''paras''. The goods were sold in ''pattis''. Along with these artisans, Indian lawyers flocked to Bhowanipore, as the Sadr Diwani Adalat, the highest appellate court in those days, had shifted to the old Military Hospital Building here, and the District Judge's court was in Alipore.

In 1888, one of the 25 newly organized police section houses was located in Bhowanipore.

When the Bengal Renaissance started taking roots in 19th century Calcutta, it was initially limited to the predominantly Hindu 'Indian town' stretching north and north-east from the fringes of Burrabazar, with a somewhat later extension to south and south-east of the 'European town' to Bhowanipore, and some decades later to Ballygunge, which was then developing as a suburb.

In the first half of the 20th century, “in the milieu of relative urban prosperity... Calcutta’s rich citizens – those connected with jute, coal, tea, other industries, trade, money-lending and rentier income from urban property – did fabulously well for themselves.” Many of the mansions in Ballygunge, Bhowanipore and Alipore were built by the city's Bengali and the new Marwari elite who wanted to move from the “dirtier sections of north Calcutta to the more fashionable areas in the south”.

Again, it was in the first half of the 20th century that with the implementation of the Area Improvement Programme of Calcutta Improvement Trust Bhowanipore, an old residential suburb was upgraded to modern standards of town planning.

Notable residents

*Subhas Chandra Bose, one of the frontline Freedom Fighters of British India, founder of the Forward Bloc and the Indian National Army
* Hemant Kumar, famous singer, composer, director and producer, lived near Kansari Para in his youth and attended Mitra Institution school of Bhowanipore area.
* Uttam Kumar, Matinee Idol, Mahanayak, the first person to be awarded a National Award for Acting, Director, Producer, Singer, and Composer. Immortal Hero of Bengali Movies
*Anil Kumar Gain, a prominent mathematician from the University of Cambridge, Fellow of the Royal Society
*Satyajit Ray, world-renowned film-maker, composer and author
*Guru Dutt, renowned Indian film director, producer, actor, choreographer, and writer
* Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, renowned barrister and president of Swaraj Party
*Brajendranath De, commissioner of Burdwan
*Tarun Kumar, Versatile Actor, Brother of Uttam Kumar
*Ashutosh Mukherjee, vice-chancellor of the University of Calcutta
*Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, founder of Jan Sangh and first union industry minister of India
*Premendra Mitra, Author and Poet
* Siddhartha Shankar Ray, former Chief Minister of West Bengal, Barrister
*Bijon Bhattacharya, eminent theatre artist, director and famous Bengali play writer, also the husband of eminent international award-winning social worker and writer Smt. Mahasweta Devi.
*Ranjit Mallick, Bengali film actor.
*Hana Catherine Mullens (1826–1861), European missionary, educator, translator and writer, notable for zenana missions
* Alphonse François Lacroix, missionary and translator
*Munna Mitra, first-class cricketer and Anglican clergyman

Geography

Location

It is located south of the Lower Circular Road (now A.J.C. Bose Road). It is bounded by Lansdown Road (presently Sarat Bose Road) to the east, Hazra Road to the south and Tolly Nullah to the west. It consists of well-known and posh localities like Elgin Road, Gokhale Road, Woodburn Park, Bakulbagan Road, Harish Mukherjee Road, Townshend Road and parts of Chakraberia and Lansdowne.

Police district

Bhowanipur police station is part of the South division of Kolkata Police.

Tollygunge Women's police station has jurisdiction over all the police districts in the South Division, i.e. Park Street, Shakespeare Sarani, Alipore, Hastings, Maidan, Bhowanipore, Kalighat, Tollygunge, Charu Market, New Alipur and Chetla.

Places of interest

* Netaji Bhawan, Elgin Road
* Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee's house on Ashutosh Mukherjee Road
* South Club, Kolkata's premier Tennis club
* Satyajit Ray's rented house on Bishop Lefroy Road
* Forum Mall, Elgin Road
* Puddapukur Swimming Centre, Lansdowne Road
* Uttam Kumar's house at Girish Mukherjee Road
* Ramkrishna Math- Gadhadhar Ashram on Harish Chatterjee Street
* Swami Narayan Mandir, Chakraberia Road South
* Laxmi Narayan Mandir, Lansdown Road
* Subhash Udyan (Northern Park), a historic park where many Freedom Fighters addressed their meetings and dedicated to Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, a local of the place.
* Bhowanipore cemetery, a Christian cemetery having graves of WWII fighters
* Harish Park
* Brahmo Samaj Temple. Brahmo Samaj, founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy & patronized by many elite including Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore during that time
* Balaram Mallik & Radharaman Mallik sweet shop - Main shop

Demographics

Business opportunities brought many Gujaratis to Calcutta about a century back and they opted to stay in the Lansdowne-Chakraberia-Puddapukur belt of Bhowanipore. The railways, the jute mills and the shipping industry brought in many Punjabis to Calcutta. The Harish Mukherjee Road area of Bhowanipore and Dunlop (in north Kolkata) were the biggest pockets of Punjabi settlement. With declining economic opportunities many of both the communities are leaving Kolkata. Writing about the Bhabanipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency), from where the West Bengal chief minister, Mamata Banerjee, contests, Hindustan Times said, "The constituency has a sizable population of Sikhs and Gujaratis. However, it is dominated by middle-class Bengalis."

For language and religion census data, available at the district level, see Kolkata district.

Culture

Bhowanipore was also known as the Cinema Para, or the locality of the city which boasted of a string of cinema halls. The stretch started with Purna near Jadu Babu's Bazaar and was followed up by Bharati, Indira, Bijoli, Basusree, Kalika, and Ujjwala, right up to the recesses of the Kalighat Temple. They were primarily famous for their screenings of Bengali, English and Hindi movies. However, due to the lack of patronage and drying up of the Bengali film box office in the mid-90s, and the first decade of the 2000s, most of these halls have been closed down. Basusree, Indira and Bijoli are still operational, though the condition is not that well of, Bharati, Kalika, and Ujjwala have been demolished to make way for multi-storied buildings that host malls, educational institutes, and marriage halls. Purna has been closed down for more than a decade now, and there is little hope that it will be opened again.

The area also has the 23 Palli Durga Mandir, a small Temple which houses an Ashta Dhaatu Murti of Durga, and near the well known Kalighat Kali Temple, and the Nakuleshwar Bhairav Temple, considered one of the holiest of the holies in Hindu religion.

Healthcare

* Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute
* SSKM Hospital
* Sambhunath Pandit Hospital
* Health Point Hospital

Education

* Asutosh College, S. P. Mukherjee Road
* Hartley High School, Sarat Bose Road
* Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose College, Elgin Road
* Bhawanipur Education Society College, Elgin Road
* Bhawanipur Gujarati Balmandir
* J. J. Ajmera High School, Heysham Road
* Julien Day School, Elgin Road and Ramesh Mitra Road.
* St. John's Diocesan Girls' Higher Secondary School
* Cathedral Mission High School, Elgin Road
* South Calcutta Girls' College
* IPGME&R and SSKM Hospital, Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Road

Sports

A club named Bhawanipore FC, founded by Nani Mitra in 1910, stands at the entrance of the Maidan near the Rani Rashmani Statue and presently managed by the ''Sangbad Pratidin'' group, represents Bhawanipore in both the domestic and regional tournaments. The club is two time runners-up in the I-League 2nd Division in 2014–15 and 2019–20.I-League 2nd Division 2020 Final Round League Table
''i-league.org''. Retrieved 1 March 2021

References

External links

{{Kolkata neighbourhoods

Neighbourhoods in Kolkata