Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design ( he, בצלאל, אקדמיה לאמנות ועיצוב) is a public
college
A college (Latin: ''collegium'') is an educational institution or a constituent part of one. A college may be a degree-awarding tertiary educational institution, a part of a collegiate or federal university, an institution offerin ...
of design and art located in
Jerusalem
Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...
. Established in 1906 by
Jewish
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
painter and sculptor
Boris Schatz
Boris Schatz ( he, בוריס שץ; 23 December 1866 – 23 March 1932) was a Lithuanian Jewish artist and sculptor who settled in Israel. Schatz, who became known as the "father of Israeli art," founded the Bezalel School in Jerusalem. After ...
, Bezalel is Israel's oldest institution of higher education and is considered the most prestigious
art school
An art school is an educational institution with a primary focus on the visual arts, including fine art – especially illustration, painting, photography, sculpture, and graphic design. Art schools can offer elementary, secondary, post-second ...
in the country. It is named for the Biblical figure
Bezalel, son of Uri ( he, בְּצַלְאֵל בֶּן־אוּרִי), who was appointed by
Moses to oversee the design and construction of the
Tabernacle
According to the Hebrew Bible, the tabernacle ( he, מִשְׁכַּן, mīškān, residence, dwelling place), also known as the Tent of the Congregation ( he, link=no, אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד, ’ōhel mō‘ēḏ, also Tent of Meeting, etc.), ...
(
Exodus 35:30). The art created by Bezalel's students and professors in the early 1900s is considered the springboard for
Israeli visual arts in the 20th century.
Bezalel is currently located at the
Mount Scopus
Mount Scopus ( he, הַר הַצּוֹפִים ', "Mount of the Watchmen/ Sentinels"; ar, جبل المشارف ', lit. "Mount Lookout", or ' "Mount of the Scene/Burial Site", or ) is a mountain (elevation: above sea level) in northeast Je ...
campus of
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, with the exception of the
Architecture
Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. It is both the process and the product of sketching, conceiving, planning, designing, and constructing building ...
department, which is housed in the historic Bezalel building in downtown
Jerusalem
Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...
. In 2009 it was announced that Bezalel will be relocated to a new campus in the
Russian Compound
The Russian Compound ( he, מִגְרַשׁ הָרוּסִים, ''Migraš ha-Rusim'', ar, المسكوبية, ''al-Muskubīya'', russian: Русское подворье в Иерусалиме) is one of the oldest districts in central Jer ...
, as part of a municipal plan to revive Jerusalem's downtown. The new Bezalel campus is planned by the Tokyo-based award-winning architectural firm
SANAA
Sanaa ( ar, صَنْعَاء, ' , Yemeni Arabic: ; Old South Arabian: 𐩮𐩬𐩲𐩥 ''Ṣnʿw''), also spelled Sana'a or Sana, is the capital and largest city in Yemen and the centre of Sanaa Governorate. The city is not part of the Gover ...
.
History
![Bezalel drawing class under direction of Abel Pann 1912](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Bezalel_drawing_class_under_direction_of_Abel_Pann_1912.jpg)
In 1903
Boris Schatz
Boris Schatz ( he, בוריס שץ; 23 December 1866 – 23 March 1932) was a Lithuanian Jewish artist and sculptor who settled in Israel. Schatz, who became known as the "father of Israeli art," founded the Bezalel School in Jerusalem. After ...
proposes establishing an art school directly to
Theodor Herzl
Theodor Herzl; hu, Herzl Tivadar; Hebrew name given at his brit milah: Binyamin Ze'ev (2 May 1860 – 3 July 1904) was an Austro-Hungarian Jewish lawyer, journalist, playwright, political activist, and writer who was the father of modern po ...
, founding father of
political Zionism
The principal common goal of Zionism was to establish a homeland for the Jewish people. Zionism was produced by various philosophers representing different approaches concerning the objective and path that Zionism should follow.
Political Zion ...
. Schatz envisaged the creation of a Zionist style of art blending classical
Jewish
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
/
Middle East
The Middle East ( ar, الشرق الأوسط, ISO 233: ) is a geopolitical region commonly encompassing Arabia (including the Arabian Peninsula and Bahrain), Asia Minor (Asian part of Turkey except Hatay Province), East Thrace (Europ ...
ern and
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirel ...
an traditions. In 1905, the seventh
Zionist Congress
The Zionist Congress was established in 1897 by Theodor Herzl as the supreme organ of the Zionist Organization (ZO) and its legislative authority. In 1960 the names were changed to World Zionist Congress ( he, הקונגרס הציוני העו ...
passes a resolution supporting the establishment of a Zionist school of art in Palestine. The Bezalel School of Arts and Crafts is officially founded the next year in 1906. The school opened in rented premises on Ethiopia Street. It moved to a complex of buildings constructed in the 1880s surrounded by a crenelated stone wall, owned by a wealthy Arab. In 1907, the property was purchased for Boris Schatz by the
Jewish National Fund. Schatz lived on the campus with his wife and children. Bezalel's first class consisted of 30 young art students from Europe who successfully passed the entrance exam.
Eliezer Ben Yehuda
Eliezer Ben‑Yehuda ( he, אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֵּן־יְהוּדָה}; ; born Eliezer Yitzhak Perlman, 7 January 1858 – 16 December 1922) was a Russian–Jewish linguist, grammarian, and journalist, renowned as the lexicographer of ...
was hired to teach
Hebrew
Hebrew (; ; ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jews and Samaritans. It was largely preserved ...
to the students, who hailed from various countries and had no common language. His wife,
Hemda Ben-Yehuda
Hemda Ben‑Yehuda () (April 7, 1873 – August 25, 1951) was a Jewish journalist and author, and the second wife of Eliezer Ben-Yehuda.
Biography Early years; name changes
Hemdah Ben‑Yehuda was born Beila Jonas in Drissa (Verkhnyadzvinsk) ...
, worked as Boris Schatz's secretary.
In addition to traditional sculpture and painting, the school offered workshops that produced decorative art objects in silver, leather, wood, brass, and fabric. Many of the craftsmen were
Yemenite Jewish silversmiths
Yemenite silversmithing refers to the work of Jewish silversmiths from Yemen
Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَن, al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen,, ) is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southern end of the Arabian P ...
who had a long tradition of working in precious metals, as silver- and goldsmithing, which had been traditional Jewish occupations in Yemen. Yemenite immigrants were also frequent subjects of Bezalel artists.
Many of the students went on to become well-known artists, among them Meir Gur Aryeh,
Ze'ev Raban
Ze’ev Raban (22 September 1890 – 19 January 1970), born Wolf Rawicki (Ravitzki), was a leading painter, decorative artist, and industrial designer of the Bezalel school style, and was one of the founders of the Israeli art world.
Biography
...
,
Shmuel Ben David,
Ya'ackov Ben-Dov,
Zeev Ben-Zvi,
Jacob Eisenberg,
Jacob Pins,
Jacob Steinhardt
Jacob Steinhardt (1887–1968) ( he, יעקב שטיינהרדט) was a German-born Israeli painter and woodcut artist.
Biography
Jacob Steinhardt was born in Zerkow, German Empire (now Żerków, Poland). He attended the School of Art in Berli ...
and
Hermann Struck
Hermann Struck (6 March 1876 – 11 January 1944) was a German Jewish artist known for his etchings.
Biography
Hermann Struck (Chaim Aaron ben David) was born in Berlin. He studied at the Berlin Academy of Fine Arts. In 1904, he joined the m ...
.
In 1912, Bezalel had one female student, Marousia (Miriam) Nissenholtz, who used the pseudonym
Chad Gadya
Chad Gadya ''or'' Had Gadya (Aramaic: חַד גַדְיָא ''chad gadya'', "one little goat, or "one kid"; Hebrew: "גדי אחד ''gedi echad''") is a playful cumulative song in Aramaic and Hebrew. It is sung at the end of the Passover Seder ...
.
Bezalel closed in 1929 in the wake of financial difficulties. After Hitler's rise to power, Bezalel's board of directors asked
Josef Budko, who had fled Germany in 1933, to reopen it and serve as its director.
The New Bezalel School of Arts and Crafts opened in 1935, attracting many teachers and students from Germany, many of them from the
Bauhaus
The Staatliches Bauhaus (), commonly known as the Bauhaus (), was a German art school operational from 1919 to 1933 that combined crafts and the fine arts.Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 4th edn., 20 ...
school shut down by the Nazis. Budko recruited
Jakob Steinhardt and
Mordecai Ardon to teach at the school, and both succeeded him as directors.
In 1958, the first year that the prize was awarded to an organization, Bezalel won the
Israel Prize for painting and sculpture.
In 1969, Bezalel became a state-supported institution. In 1975 it was recognized by the
Council for Higher Education in Israel
The Council for Higher Education in Israel ( he, המועצה להשכלה גבוהה, ''HaMo'atza LeHaskala Gevoha'') is a supervisory body for universities and colleges in Israel. It is the only organization with the authority to award academic ...
as an institute of higher education.
It completed its relocation to
Mount Scopus
Mount Scopus ( he, הַר הַצּוֹפִים ', "Mount of the Watchmen/ Sentinels"; ar, جبل المشارف ', lit. "Mount Lookout", or ' "Mount of the Scene/Burial Site", or ) is a mountain (elevation: above sea level) in northeast Je ...
in 1990.
Ceramics: the "Bezalel tiles"
![PikiWiki Israel 10012 lederberg house in tel aviv](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/PikiWiki_Israel_10012_lederberg_house_in_tel_aviv.jpg)
Decorative ceramic tiles with figurative motives with both biblical and Zionist scenes were created in the 1920s at the Bezalel School, with some surviving until today. In Tel Aviv some of the best known examples are the following:
* Lederberg House (1925) at the corner of
Allenby Street
Allenby Street ( he, רחוב אלנבי ''Rehov Alenbi'') is a major street in Tel Aviv, Israel. It was named in honor of Field Marshal Viscount Allenby.
Allenby Street stretches from the Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea c ...
and
Rothschild Boulevard
Rothschild Boulevard (, ''Sderot Rotshild'') is one of the principal streets in the center of Tel Aviv, Israel, beginning in Neve Tzedek at its southwestern edge and running north to Habima Theatre. It is one of the most expensive streets in the ...
, ceramic tiles designed by
Ze'ev Raban
Ze’ev Raban (22 September 1890 – 19 January 1970), born Wolf Rawicki (Ravitzki), was a leading painter, decorative artist, and industrial designer of the Bezalel school style, and was one of the founders of the Israeli art world.
Biography
...
* Moshav Zkenim Synagogue (also spelled Zekenim), 89 Allenby Street
* Municipal School, 37 Ahad Ha’Am Street (built 1924)
*
Bialik House
Bialik House ( he, בית ביאליק, Beit Bialik) was the home of the Hebrew national poet Hayyim Nahman Bialik in the center of Tel Aviv, Israel, and is now used as a museum. The museum is located on 22 Bialik Street, Tel Aviv, close to th ...
, or Beit Bialik
There are Bezalel-made ceramic street signs surviving in Jerusalem.
Bezalel pavilion
![Migdal david008](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Migdal_david008.jpg)
Bezalel pavilion was a tin-plated wooden structure with a crenelated roof and tower built outside
Jaffa Gate in 1912. It was a shop and showroom for
Bezalel souvenirs. The pavilion was demolished by the British authorities six years later.
Bezalel style
Bezalel developed a distinctive style of art, known as the
Bezalel school
The Bezalel school was an art movement in Palestine in the late Ottoman and British Mandate periods. Named for the Bezalel Art School, predecessor of the Bezalel Academy of Art and Design, it has been described as "a fusion of oriental art and ...
, which portrayed Biblical and Zionist subjects in a style influenced by the European
jugendstil
''Jugendstil'' ("Youth Style") was an artistic movement, particularly in the decorative arts, that was influential primarily in Germany and elsewhere in Europe to a lesser extent from about 1895 until about 1910. It was the German counterpart of ...
(
art nouveau) and traditional Persian and Syrian art. The artists blended ''"varied strands of surroundings, tradition and innovation,"'' in paintings and craft objects that invokes ''"biblical themes, Islamic design and European traditions,"'' in their effort to ''"carve out a distinctive style of Jewish art"'' for the new nation they intended to build in the ancient Jewish homeland.
Today
In 2006, the Bezalel Academy of Art and Design celebrated its 100th anniversary. Today, it is located on
Mount Scopus
Mount Scopus ( he, הַר הַצּוֹפִים ', "Mount of the Watchmen/ Sentinels"; ar, جبل المشارف ', lit. "Mount Lookout", or ' "Mount of the Scene/Burial Site", or ) is a mountain (elevation: above sea level) in northeast Je ...
in
Jerusalem
Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...
and has 1,500 students. Faculties include
Fine Arts,
Architecture
Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. It is both the process and the product of sketching, conceiving, planning, designing, and constructing building ...
,
Ceramic
A ceramic is any of the various hard, brittle, heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials made by shaping and then firing an inorganic, nonmetallic material, such as clay, at a high temperature. Common examples are earthenware, porcelain ...
Design,
Industrial Design,
Jewelry
Jewellery ( UK) or jewelry ( U.S.) consists of decorative items worn for personal adornment, such as brooches, rings, necklaces, earrings, pendants, bracelets, and cufflinks. Jewellery may be attached to the body or the clothes. From a w ...
,
Photography
Photography is the art, application, and practice of creating durable images by recording light, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film. It is employe ...
,
Visual Communication,
Animation,
Film, and
Art History
Art history is the study of aesthetic objects and visual expression in historical and stylistic context. Traditionally, the discipline of art history emphasized painting, drawing, sculpture, architecture, ceramics and decorative arts; yet today ...
&
Theory
A theory is a rational type of abstract thinking about a phenomenon, or the results of such thinking. The process of contemplative and rational thinking is often associated with such processes as observational study or research. Theories may be ...
. The architecture campus is in downtown Jerusalem, in the historic Bezalel building. Bezalel offers
Bachelor of Fine Arts (B.F.A.),
Bachelor of Architecture
The Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch.) is a bachelor's degree designed to satisfy the academic requirement of practising architecture around the world.
Australia
Architectural education in Australia varies depending on the university offering th ...
(B.Arch.),
Bachelor of Design
A Bachelor of Design (B.Des. or B.Design) degree is usually an undergraduate academic degree in the field of design awarded for a course or major that generally lasts three or four years. It is the undergraduate equivalent of the Master of Design, ...
(B.Des.) degrees, a
Master of Fine Arts in conjunction with
Hebrew University
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJI; he, הַאוּנִיבֶרְסִיטָה הַעִבְרִית בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם) is a public research university based in Jerusalem, Israel. Co-founded by Albert Einstein and Dr. Chaim Weiz ...
, two different
Master of Design A Master of Design (MDes, M.Des. or M.Design) is a postgraduate academic master degree in the field of Design awarded by several academic institutions around the world. The degree level has different equivalencies; some MDes are equivalent to Master ...
(M.des) degrees and Theory and Policy of art (M.A.)
The academy has plans to move back to the city center.
In 2011, the Bezalel student show at the
Milan Furniture Fair
The Milan Furniture Fair ( it, Salone Internazionale del Mobile di Milano) is a furniture fair held annually in Milan. It is the largest trade fair of its kind in the world. The exhibition showcases the latest in furniture and design from countrie ...
was described as a "lively runner-up" for the best exhibit.
Notable alumni
*
Baruch Agadati
Baruch Agadati ( he, ברוך אגדתי, also Baruch Kaushansky-Agadati; January 8, 1895 – January 18, 1976) was a Russian Empire-born Israeli classical ballet dancer, choreographer, painter, and film producer and director.
Biography
Baruch Kau ...
(1895–1976), Russian-Palestinian-Israeli classical ballet dancer, choreographer, painter, film producer and director
*
Yaacov Agam
Yaacov Agam ( he, יעקב אגם) (born 11 May 1928) is an Israeli sculptor and experimental artist widely known for his contributions to optical and kinetic art.
Biography
Yaacov Gibstein (later Agam) was born in Israel, which, at that time ...
(born 1928), sculptor and experimental artist
*
Gideon Amichay (born 1963), communication artist, cartoonist, writer
*
Ron Arad (born 1951), industrial designer
*
Avigdor Arikha (1929–2010), painter
*
Netiva Ben-Yehuda
Netiva Ben Yehuda ( he, נתיבה בן-יהודה; July 1928, Tel Aviv – 28 February 2011) was an Israeli author, editor and media personality. She was a commander in the pre-state Jewish underground Palmach.
Biography
Netiva ("Tiva") Ben-Yeh ...
(1928–2011), author, editor, Palmach commander
*
Moti Bodek (born 1961), architect, lecturer
*
Elinor Carucci (born 1971), photographer
*
Yitzhak Danziger
Yitzhak Danziger ( he, יצחק דנציגר; 26 June 1916 – 11 July 1977) was an Israeli sculptor. He was one of the pioneer sculptors of the Canaanite Movement, and later joined the "Ofakim Hadashim" (New Horizons) group.
Early life ...
(1916–1977), sculptor
*
Uri Gershuni (born 1970), photographer
*
Yoni Goodman
Yoni Goodman ( he, יוני גודמן; born 1976) is an Israeli animator.
Biography
Goodman began his career as an illustrator and graphic designer, working for two of Israel's major newspapers, ''Maariv'' and ''Haaretz''. In 1998, he studied ...
(born 1976), animator and illustrator
*
Nachum Gutman
Nachum Gutman (as he himself signed; alternate romanisation: Nahum Gutman; he, נחום גוטמן: October 5, 1898 – November 28, 1980) was a Moldovan-born Israeli painter, sculptor, and author.
Biography
Nachum Gutman was born in Tele ...
(1898–1980), painter, sculptor, author
*
Vania Heymann
Vania Heymann ( he, וניה הימן; born March 27, 1986) is an Israeli artist and film director. His work includes music videos for artists such as Coldplay, Dua Lipa, DJ Snake, Selena Gomez, and Bob Dylan. His music videos were nominated for ...
(born 1986), film director
*
Nir Hod (born 1970), artist
*
Anat Hoffman
}; born 1954) is an Israeli activist and serves as Executive Director of the Israel Religious Action Center, also known as IRAC. She is the director and founding member of Nashot HaKotel, also known as Women of the Wall. Hoffman is a former member ...
(born 1954), executive director of
Israel Religious Action Center
The Israel Religious Action Center (Hebrew: המרכז הרפורמי לדת ומדינה) also known as IRAC, was established in 1987 as the public and legal advocacy arm of the Israel Movement for Progressive Judaism. It is located in Jerusalem ...
and director and founding member of
Women of the Wall
Women of the Wall (Hebrew: נשות הכותל, ''Neshot HaKotel'') is a multi-denominational Jewish feminist organization based in Israel whose goal is to secure the rights of women to pray at the Western Wall, also called the Kotel, in a fashi ...
*
Itshak Holtz (born 1925), painter
*
Gurwin Kopel (1923–1990), artist
*
Yaron London
Yaron London ( he, ירון לונדון; born 24 August 1940) is an Israeli media personality, journalist, actor and songwriter.
Biography
Yaron London was born in Tel Aviv. His father was an actor, Bezalel London.
London studied at Herzliya He ...
(born 1940), media personality, journalist, actor, songwriter
*
Joshua Meyer (born 1974), painter
*
Roy Nachum
Roy Nachum (born 1979) is an Israeli New York-based contemporary artist working in painting, sculpture, and installation.
Biography
Nachum was born in Jerusalem, Israel, and studied at Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design in Jerusalem from 2001 to ...
(born 1979), contemporary artist
*
Itay Noy, watchmaker
*
Ran Poliakine
Ran Poliakine (Hebrew: רן פוליאקין) is an Israeli businessman, the founder and former CEO of Powermat Technologies. Poliakine is an entrepreneur, inventor and industrial designer.
Biography
Poliakine was born in Haifa, Israel. He studi ...
(born 1967), serial entrepreneur
*
Zvi Raphaeli (1924-2005), painter and Rabbi
*
Ophrah Shemesh (born 1952), painter
*
Avigdor Stematsky
Avigdor Stematsky (1908–1989) was a Russian Empire-born Israeli painter. He is considered one of the pioneers of Israeli abstract art.
Biography
Stematsky was born in 1908 in Odessa. He joined the Massad group in Tel Aviv. In 1929, he went to ...
(1908–1989), painter
*
Yehezkel Streichman
Yehezkel Streichman ( he, יחזקאל שטרייכמן, 1906 – January 12, 1993) was an Israeli painter. He is considered a pioneer of Israeli modernist painting. Among the awards that he won were the Dizengoff Prize and the Israel Prize.
Bi ...
(1906–1993), painter
*
Lidia Zavadsky (born 1937), sculptor
Notable faculty
*
Samuel Hirszenberg (1865–1908), painter
*
Yaacov Kaufman (born 1945), industrial designer
*
Aaron Marcus, (born 1943), graphic designer and computer artist, Visiting Faculty, 1977–78
*
Abraham Neumann (1873–1942), painter
*
Abel Pann (1883–1963), painter
*
Ze'ev Raban
Ze’ev Raban (22 September 1890 – 19 January 1970), born Wolf Rawicki (Ravitzki), was a leading painter, decorative artist, and industrial designer of the Bezalel school style, and was one of the founders of the Israeli art world.
Biography
...
(1890–1970), painter, decorative artist, and industrial designer
*
Siona Shimshi
Siona Shimshi (also "Ziona"; he, ציונה שמשי; July 14, 1939 – October 16, 2018) was an Israeli painter, sculptress, ceramist, and textile designer.
Early life
Shimshi was born in Tel Aviv, to Haya Rivka (Kuklanski) and Avraham Shimshi, ...
(born 1939), painter, sculptor, ceramist, and textile designer
*
Sari Srulovitch (born 1964), artist and silversmith
*
Joshua Neustein (born 1940), contemporary visual artist
See also
*
Jewish ceremonial art
Jewish ceremonial art, also known as Judaica (), refers to an array of objects used by Jews for ritual purposes. Because enhancing a mitzvah by performing it with an especially beautiful object is considered a praiseworthy way of honoring God's ...
*
List of Israel Prize recipients
*
List of Israeli visual artists
The following is a list of Israeli artists working in visual or plastic media.
A
* Abed Abdi
* Larry Abramson
* Matanya Abramson
* Yaacov Agam
* Mel Alexenberg
* Dan Allon
* Oz Almog
* Nir Alon
* Ella Amitay Sadovsky
* Aharon April
* Amnon ...
*
List of universities and colleges in Israel
References
Further reading
* Gil Goldfine, "Zeev Raban and the Bezalel style," Jerusalem Post, 12-14-2001
*
* The "Hebrew Style" of Bezalel, 1906–1929, Nurit Shilo Cohen, The Journal of Decorative and Propaganda Arts, Vol. 20. (1994), pp. 140–163
* Manor, Dalia, Art in Zion: The Genesis of National Art in Jewish Palestine, published by Routledge Curzon (2005)
* "Crafting a Jewish Style: The Art of the Bezalel Academy, 1906–1996", 2000-08-26 until 2000-10-22, Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts
External links
*
Bezalel Catalogue of Student WorksTimeline of Bezalel Academy history
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bezalel Academy Of Arts And Design
Art schools in Israel
Colleges in Israel
Israel Prize recipients that are organizations
Israel Prize in sculpture and painting recipients
Educational institutions established in 1906
1906 establishments in the Ottoman Empire
Universities and colleges in Jerusalem
Film schools in Israel
Mount Scopus
1906 establishments in Ottoman Syria
University and college buildings completed in 2022