Betta Antoni
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''Betta antoni'' is a species of gourami endemic to the
Sanggau Sanggau Regency (; Hakka: Sîang-ngau) is a regency in the north-central section of West Kalimantan province of Indonesia. In 2003, the regency's eastern portion was made into a new regency called Sekadau, leaving Sanggau with an area of . As ...
area in the Kapuas region. The species name ''antoni'' is named after Irwan Anton "in recognition of his generous help and gift of specimens". This species grows to a length of SL. According to Linke, they live in "densely vegetated, narrow watercourses with very soft, very acidic water".


Diet


In nature

In nature, ''Betta antoni'' has been seen preying on insects that lie on the surface of the water such as '' Drosophila'' (fruit flies), and very small fish.


In the aquarium

In the aquarium it will normally accept dried foods once they are recognised as edible but like all fish does best when offered a varied diet. In this case regular meals of live or frozen foods such as '' Daphnia'', '' Artemia'' or
bloodworm Blood worm or bloodworm is an ambiguous term and can refer to: * Larvae of a non-biting midge (family Chironomidae) containing hemoglobin * ''Glycera'' (annelid), a polychaete often used for fishing bait * Species of the Polychaeta subclass Scole ...
will ensure the development of the best colours and condition.


Sexual dimorphism

Males grow larger, develop more iredescent scales, a broader head-shape, and more extended fins than that of females.


Reproduction and development

''Betta antoni'' is a paternal mouthbrooder, which means that the father incubates the fry in his mouth. The breeding process in ''Betta antoni'' is typical of mouthbrooders, and of the '' B. akarensis'' cluster of closely related species. The female plays the more active role in initiating courtship and defending the area against intruders. After courting, eggs and milt are released during an ’embrace’ typical of anabantoids in which the male wraps his body around the female. Several ‘practice’ embraces may be required before any eggs are released. Once spawning begins, eggs are laid in small "batches" and picked up in the mouth of the female before being spat out into the water for the male to catch. Once the male has all the eggs in his mouth the cycle is repeated until the female is spent of eggs, a process which can take some time. The incubation period is 10 – 21 days at which point the male will begin to release fully-formed, free-swimming fry. It has been seen that the male accidentally swallows or releases the fry prematurely when stressed. The fry are large enough to consume motile foods such as
microworm The free-living nematode ''Panagrellus redivivus'' (sour paste nematode, or beer mat nematode from its occurrence in constantly moist felt beer mats), is known to many aquarium enthusiasts and fish keepers as the microworm. It is a tiny roundwor ...
and '' Artemia''
nauplii Nauplius, Nauplia or Nauplios , may refer to : Greece-related * Nauplius (mythology), in Greek mythology, the son of Poseidon and Amymone, the father of Palamedes, and also the name of an Argonaut * Nauplia Nafplio ( ell, Ναύπλιο) is a ...
immediately.


In the aquarium

''Betta antoni'' is of mild importance to the aquarium trade.


References

antoni Antoni is a Catalan, Polish, and Slovene given name and a surname used in the eastern part of Spain, Poland and Slovenia. As a Catalan given name it is a variant of the male names Anton and Antonio. As a Polish given name it is a variant of the fem ...
Fish described in 2006 {{Anabantiformes-stub